Optimal Dimensional Synthesis of a Symmetrical Five-Bar Planar Upper-Extremity Neuromotor Device

Individuals with hemiplegia suffer from impaired arm movements that appear as a marked change in arm stiffness. A quantitative measure of arm stiffness would characterize rehabilitation therapy effectively, while little mechanism is designed to implement the function. A symmetrical five-bar linkage consisting of two revolute joints and three prismatic joints is presented. Inverse kinematics and forward kinematics are obtained first. Then inverse singularities and direct singularities of the mechanism are gained. The global stiffness index is defined based on the results of kinematics analysis. Finally, optimal dimensional synthesis of the mechanism in terms of maximum stiffness is conducted by genetic algorithms. The calculation results show that with the length of both the two linkage a=830 mm, the interacting angle of the two guides 2δ=4.48 radian, and the maximum range of displacement of the two carriers dmax=940 mm, the mechanism achieves highest rigidity and its workspace is singularity-free, which covers the human left and right arm range of motion. The proposed novel mechanism featuring high rigidity and a singularity-free workspace can provide rehabilitation training, also solve the problem of quantitative measure of arm stiffness.

Dynamics of five-bar COBOT using differential mechanism

COBOT is a new kind of collaborative robot , which can work with people in a shared space. In this paper a new kind of CVT using differential mechanism is introduced, which is major parts of five-bar COBOT and based the feature of nonhlonnmic constraint. The dynamic model of differential mechanism and five-bar architecture COBOT is founded. There are two kinds of coupled mode of two CVT:serial and parallel. In this paper, we present the dynamic model of serial and parallel COBOT take five-bar COBOT as research object. From the dynamic analysis foregoing, both serial and parallel COBOT model are have the feature of nonholonomic constraint. The ending track and moving state are controlled by the force of control motor and operator. The control motor can not control the movement and ending track of COBOT without the cooperation of operator.

A New Design Method for Realizing Accurate Track of Hybrid-driven Five-bar Mechanism

The concept of virtual slider crank mechanism is proposed and decoupled to obtain parameters of controllable five bar mechanism without any principle error for any given trajectory. The model is simple and easy to solve. This method has no convergence,flexible workspace and singularity of the mechanism problem. Through this method,we don’ t need any curve to fit the trajectory point. Using MATLAB program to calculate,the computation time can be reduced to less than 3% of the original. Finally,an example is given to illustrate the method which is meanwhile compared with the traditional five bar design method.

人体下肢康复装置的结构设计及运动学分析

介绍了一种基于平面五杆机构的人体下肢康复装置,旨在满足术后卧床的卒中患者的早、中、后期的下肢康复训练需求。该装置具有简单可靠的特点,可以在床尾侧放置或随患者行走移动。装置主要由下部移动平台、手动升降组件、上部动力传动机构及左、右训练机构组成,并在踝、膝关节通用的关节支架上附有传感器,患者的运动信息可以被实时采集和反馈。运动学分析及Adams软件仿真结果表明,调整该装置双曲柄的初始相位,可以改变关节点的运动轨迹,得到不同运动模式下人体下肢关节运动的范围,达到卧式训练及行走训练的目的,从而满足患者不同康复阶段的训练需求。

平面并联机器人离线PID控制优化研究

为了使平面并联机器人在闭环控制系统中具有更稳定的控制性能。对此,这里构建了平面五杆并联机器人动力学模型及其控制系统模型,给出了控制系统的增益矢量p。对机器人系统模型进行离线PID控制优化,通过控制增益来设计控制系统中的增益矢量p,从而实现非线性单目标动态优化(NLMODOP)。在NLMODOP中加入动态约束,采用带约束处理机制的差分进化(DE)算法求解平面并联机器人的非线性规划问题,进而处理不稳定的动态优化。对机器人模型中的五个连杆进行仿真实验,并对有无DE算法控制的仿真结果进行了比较。结果表明:相比于无DE算法,采用DE算法下的机器人系统模型的连杆跟踪位移基本无跟踪误差。说明基于差分进化算法的平面并联机器人离线PID控制优化具有较好的控制精度和跟踪性能。

新型3-DOF 1T2R并联机构的运动学分析与尺度优化

移动和转动混合运动的并联机构具有很高的研究和应用价值。基于转移混合输出运动的机构适用范围广,但该类机构的设计比较困难。为了研发和推广转移混合运动的1T2R并联机构,基于平面五杆机构和一条无约束支链,设计了一种一平移两转动(1T2R)的并联机构。首先,根据方位特征(POC)方程对机构进行了拓扑结构分析,并计算了该机构的自由度;然后,对该并联机构进行了运动学建模,推导了其位置正反解的解析表达式,并基于雅可比矩阵分析了机构的奇异性,利用三维离散搜索法计算了机构的工作空间,给出了机构在工作空间中的灵巧度分布情况;最后,利用粒子群算法(PSO)对机构的工作空间和灵巧度进行了双重优化,同时探讨了无约束支链的布置角φ对机构工作空间和灵巧度的影响。研究结果表明:所设计的1T2R并联机构结构简单,具有位置解析解;优化后的机构的工作空间和灵巧度分别提升了93.47%,203.42%;当无约束支链的驱动方向与平面(2P-3R)机构垂直布置时,能够获得更好的运动性能。该结果为3-DOF 1T2R机构的实际应用奠定了理论基础。

Kinematic analysis and experiment of planetary five-bar planting mechanism for zero-speed transplanting on mulch film

A novel seedling transplanting mechanism with planetary five-bar was developed in order to solve some problems when transplanting seedlings on mulch film,such as a large cave diameter,a low proportion of upright seedlings,and inconsistent planting depths,which seriously restrict the development of transplanting equipment used in dryland agriculture.The planetary five-bar structure of transplanting mechanism was designed based on analysis of the seedling transplanter on mulch film.The kinematics model of the transplanting mechanism was established and the optimal parameters of the transplanting mechanism were obtained by satisfying the motion trajectory conditions.Subsequently,the virtual prototype of transplanting mechanism was developed,and the simulation of motion trajectory was illustrated.Finally,the physical prototype of the transplanting mechanism was assembled and tested with the high-speed photography.The simulation results indicated that the desired“spindle”trajectory for the duckbill can be obtained,of which the height was 350 mm,and the diameter of the planting cave was 32 mm.The experimental results showed that the diameter of the planting cave was less than 70 mm,the seedling perpendicularity qualification rate reached 96%,the film injury rate was less than 0.5%,and the hanging membrane phenomenon was avoided.Therefore,the proposed transplanting mechanism can meet the requirements for a mulch-film transplanting machine.

高炉扫描雷达驱动机构选型分析

摘针对高炉内部炉况的特殊情况,需要扫描雷达可以实现扫描任意轨迹的动作,通过选取五杆机构作为雷达驱动主体完成对应需求。根据现场实际工况的考虑,希望驱动机构尺寸紧凑,以工作空间作为选型依据进行研究。计算不同构型下驱动机构的工作空间,分析各构型工作空间中的有效面积部分,相同尺寸下有效面积最大作为构型最优的理论基础。最终对该驱动机构进行轨迹模拟分析,通过坐标转换得到扫描轨迹,结果表明该机构能驱动雷达实现的任意轨迹扫描需求。

Reconfigurable parallel mechanisms with planar five-bar metamorphic linkages

This paper presents the idea of constructing reconfigurable limbs by integrating metamorphic linkages as subchains.The planar five-bar metamorphic linkages that have three phases resulting from locking of motors are considered.Under the assumption that the constraint exerted by the reconfigurable limb can switch between no constraint,a constraint force,and a constraint couple,the output motions of the metamorphic linkage in its two planar four-bar linkage phases are identified.By adding an appropriate joint to planar four-bar linkages with translational output,four planar five-bar linkages that can be employed in the construction of reconfigurable limbs are enumerated.Serial chains that can provide a constraint couple and a constraint force are synthesized based on screw theory.Reconfigurable limbs that have three configurations associated with the three distinct phases of the metamorphic linkages are assembled with planar five-bar metamorphic linkages and serial chains with four degrees of freedom.A class of reconfigurable parallel mechanisms are constructed by connecting a moving platform and a base with three identical reconfigurable limbs.The degrees of freedom of the reconfigurable parallel mechanism in different configurations with the metamorphic linkages in different phases are given.Finally,the actuation scheme for this kind of mechanisms is addressed.

基于ADAMS-EDEM耦合仿真的月壤挖掘阻力分析

围绕月球资源开发的需求,提出一种五杆月壤挖洞机构。运用封闭矢量环法进行运动学分析,得出该机构末端点位移方程。根据Bekker半经验公式和朗肯被动土压力理论分别对挖掘铲的铲尖及铲面进行受力分析,得出挖掘铲进行月壤挖洞时所受合力方程。运用ADAMS-EDEM耦合仿真验证上述力学模型,证明该模型对机构挖洞时的阻力具有预测作用。

飞机发动机硬式操纵系统非线性传动优化设计

采用特殊机构实现非线性传动在机械式飞行操纵系统中已有应用,通过对传动要求的近似拟合,可以完成对机构设计参数求解;但采用该方法设计机构不能精确满足传动约束要求,在机械式飞机发动机操纵系统中尚无应用。根据飞机发动机硬式操纵系统的工作特点,采用五杆式机构替代四连杆机构实现非线性传动;通过五杆式机构设计参数影响机制分析,将机构设计参数分类为优化决策变量和传动特性控制变量,并基于此建立了机构求解方法和优化设计方法,实现了对机构传动特性控制变量直接求解,保证了机构传动特性能够精确满足约束要求。引入最大传动比和机构磨损因数作为目标函数开展机构优化,能够提升系统性能和使用寿命。通过某型发动机操纵系统设计实例和地面试验验证表明,该方法合理可行,具有工程实用价值。

Simulated annealing optimization and experiments of a five-bar aerating mechanism for vertically aerating on salt-affected lands

Current agronomic improving treatments for soil salinization are faced with challenges of heavy workload,high cost,etc.,which may seriously restrict agricultural productivity and sustainability on a large scale.Aerator has been applied to loosen soil and enhance soil permeability.In this research,aiming to realize vertically aerating,an aerator with a five-bar aerating mechanism was proposed to improve the aerating performance for saline-alkali land.The five-bar structure of aerating mechanism was designed based on analysis of the aerator on saline-alkali land.The kinematic model was established to describe the aerating process,and the key parameters of the aerating mechanism were obtained by satisfying the motion trajectory conditions.Subsequently,the related parameters were optimized by a simulated annealing method.Furthermore,numerical modeling was simulated to verify the perpendicularity performance after aerating head hitting into the soil.The simulation results indicated that the optimized five-bar aerating mechanism could decrease swinging extreme value by 24%compared with the initial parameters.Finally,the physical prototype of the aerator was tested in the field and performed as expected,producing<7 mm depth tolerances and<3.3°angle tolerances,which met the design requirement.

基于旋量理论的弓形五连杆机器人运动学建模

传统的D-H参数法采用建立局部坐标系的方式,在运动学建模过程中存在求解逆解时产生增根的问题。因此,本文通过旋量理论方法建立弓形五连杆的运动学数学模型,对比D-H参数法建立的末端执行器运动学模型,证明两种方法之间的等效性,并基于旋量理论建立起弓形五连杆机器人的速度模型。使用ADAMS软件对弓形五连杆机器人进行运动仿真,测量角速度曲线与MATLAB理论曲线对比,结果表明了旋量理论建模方法的正确性和有效性。

基于球杆仪的五轴数控机床误差快速检测方法

几何误差是五轴数控机床重要误差源,针对传统测量方法仪器昂贵、测量周期长问题,提出基于球杆仪的五轴数控机床几何误差快速检测方法。对于机床的平动轴误差,利用多体系统理论及齐次坐标变换法,建立平动轴空间误差模型,通过球杆仪在同一平面不同位置进行两次圆轨迹,辨识出4项平动轴关键线性误差;针对五轴机床的转台和摆动轴,设计基于球杆仪的多条空间测试轨迹,完整求解出旋转轴12项几何误差。实验结果显示,所提方法获得转角定位误差与激光干涉仪法最大误差为0.001 8°,利用检测结果进行机床空间误差补偿,测试轨迹偏差由16μm降至4μm,为补偿前的25%,验证了方法的有效性。提出的五轴机床几何误差检测方法方便、便捷,适用于工业现场。

双转台五轴机床旋转轴位置无关几何误差的辨识

旋转轴的位置无关几何误差(PIGEs)是影响五轴机床加工精度的重要因素。以AC双转台五轴机床为研究对象,提出一种基于差分演化算法的旋转轴PIGEs辨识方法。首先,建立机床旋转轴PIGEs和球杆仪杆长变化的关系模型,使用已有的辨识方法获得机床旋转轴PIGEs初始解,然后定义优化目标函数,通过差分演化算法整体优化求解旋转轴PIGEs,提高旋转轴PIGEs辨识准确性。实验与仿真的结果表明提出的旋转轴PIGEs辨识方法可有效提高辨识准确性。

油菜移栽机五杆栽植机构运动仿真分析

针对油菜移栽机栽植机构参数设计不合理导致的钵苗直立度低、鸭嘴出入穴口大、作业稳定性差等问题,提出了一种五杆栽植机构运动仿真分析方法。首先,运用Solidworks三维建模软件建立虚拟模型;其次,对模型进行简化和格式转换后导入运动学分析软件ADAMS中,添加相关约束与驱动进行仿真分析;最后,通过代入多组杆长数据,得到杆长参数:AB=130 mm、BC=76 mm、AD=50 mm、DG=140 mm、BE=76 mm、EF=255 mm、CG=121.66 mm、CH=275 mm、FH=78 mm、FP=363 mm、α1=25°、α2=99.3°,在该参数条件下机构应用效果最佳,并分别得出了鸭嘴栽植端点的轨迹、位移、速度、加速度曲线。曲线分析结果表明:在鸭嘴达到最低点时,水平方向的速度为0.07 m/s,鸭嘴端点P出入土壤的最大横向距离约4 mm,能较好地保证出入土位置一致,满足栽植要求。

液动缓冲锁罐摇台动态特性分析

利用ADAMS软件建立煤矿用液动缓冲锁罐摇台虚拟样机,然后进行动力学仿真分析,得出在不同工况作用下整机关键零部件的动态特性曲线,分析优化五连杆结构对整机受力的影响,进一步研究承受复合载荷的锁罐摇台整机稳定性,从而提供了一种更加贴合实际工况的理论分析方法。

五连杆足式机器人腿部机构多目标优化算法

为了减小腿部转动惯量,提高承载能力,提出了一种电驱式2自由度平面五杆机构的腿部结构。然而杆件尺寸会对机器人性能产生影响,为了得到最优五杆尺寸参数,对腿部运动学和动力学进行分析,建立关节电机峰值力矩、峰值角速度、单个步态周期内总能耗与五杆尺寸参数间的函数关系,构建面向机器人五杆尺寸参数设计的多目标优化模型,采用层次分析法确定各目标决策属性权重,将多目标优化问题转换为单目标优化问题,利用遗传算法得到机器人总体性能最优解。在ADAMS中建立优化前后的机器人腿部模型,进行行走仿真试验,并与理论计算结果进行对比,再根据优化结果进行电机选型,使机器人自重减少7.8%,有利于负载能力和续航能力的提高,从而验证了本文所提算法的正确性和有效性。

拟合齿轮五杆水稻钵苗移栽机构的机理分析与试验

钵苗移栽具有提高产量,增大精品粮种植面积等优点,该文作者基于双曲柄五杆水稻钵苗移栽机的结构形式,针对重要传动部件进行改进,开发了基于B样条拟合曲线的轻简化水稻钵苗移栽机构——拟合齿轮五杆水稻钵苗移栽机构。对该机构进行拟合齿轮节曲线传动分析,建立移栽机构运动学模型,运用matrix laboratory(MATLAB)中GUI平台开发出了水稻钵苗移栽机构辅助分析与参数优化软件,通过软件优化得出一组能够满足钵苗移栽要求的结构参数。建立三维模型,并通过automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems(ADAMS)进行虚拟样机仿真,初步验证机构的合理性。加工移栽机构核心部件,装配并在试验台架上进行试验研究。通过对移栽机构的试验台架试验,验证了移栽机构参数的合理性和有效性。以秧夹开口开度、秧夹夹持力、取秧频率为因素,以伤秧率和漏秧率为评价指标,选取二次回归正交旋转组合试验的方案,运用Design-Expert 7.0软件进行分析,得到的分析结果进一步验证了拟合齿轮五杆移栽机构的合理性。

平面闭链五杆机构柔性工作空间的研究

工作空间的研究是平面闭链机器人的基本问题之一。应用隐函数定理，推导出平面闭链五杆机构柔性工作空间边界的条件，即输出杆与相连的连架杆重合或拉直，以及另一连架杆与相连的连杆重合或拉直。然后利用两个开链二杆的工作空间的交集和四杆机构连架杆的转动范围，分析平面闭链五杆机构满足工作空间边界条件的边界曲线的构成。在此基础上建立相应的数学模型，提出平面闭链五杆机构的工作空间求解算法。最后，通过算例验证了数学模型的正确。