Cerebral arterial blood flow,attention,and executive and cognitive functions in depressed patients after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension,and surgery is currently the main treatment for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,but the bleeding caused by surgery will cause damage to the patient's nerve cells,resulting in cognitive and motor dysfunction,resulting in a decline in the patient's quality of life.AIM To investigate associations between cerebral arterial blood flow and executive and cognitive functions in depressed patients after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.METHODS Eighty-nine patients with depression after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage who were admitted to our hospital between January 2019 and July 2021 were selected as the observation group,while 100 patients without depression who had acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were selected as the control group.The attention span of the patients was assessed using the Paddle Pin Test while executive function was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA).The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD-24)was used to evaluate the severity of depression of involved patients.Cerebral arterial blood flow was measured in both groups.RESULTS The MoCA score,net scores I,II,III,IV,and the total net score of the scratch test in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Concurrently,the total number of responses,number of incorrect responses,number of persistent errors,and number of completed responses of the first classification in the WCST test were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group(P<0.05).Blood flow in the basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery were positively correlated with the net and total net scores of each part of the Paddle Pin test and the MoCA score(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with each part of the WCST test(P<0.05).In the observation group,the post-treatment improvement was more prominent in the Paddle Pin test,WCST test,HAMD-24 score,and MoCA score compared with those in the pre-treatment period(P<0.05).Blood flow in the basilar artery,left middle cerebral artery,right middle cerebral artery,left anterior cerebral artery,and right anterior cerebral artery significantly improved in the observation group after treatment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Impaired attention,and executive and cognitive functions are correlated with cerebral artery blood flow in patients with depression after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and warrant further study.

Analysis of the Role of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Self-Care in Thyroid Cancer Patients

Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-care in thyroid cancer patients.Methods:A total of 144 thyroid cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected as research subjects.Using the random number table method,they were divided into a control group and an experimental group,each consisting of 72 cases.The control group received routine nursing intervention,while the experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy based on standard nursing practices.The self-care ability(self-concept,self-efficacy,self-care skills,health knowledge level),coping style(confrontation,avoidance,and surrender),and quality of life(psychological function,social function,material life,physical function)of both groups before and after the intervention were compared.Results:In comparison to the pre-intervention period,the experimental group exhibited significantly higher self-care ability,quality of life,and confrontation scores after the intervention,as opposed to the control group.Additionally,the avoidance and surrender scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group,with these differences proving to be statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:The application of cognitive behavioral therapy can enhance the self-care ability of thyroid cancer patients,aid in better disease coping,and improve their overall quality of life.This approach is deserving of further promotion.

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract improves the cognitive abilities of rats with D-galactose induced dementia

Standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been used in clinical trials for its beneficial effects on brain func- tions, particularly in dementia. Substantial experimental evidences indicated that Ginkgo biloba leaf extract （EGB） protected neuronal cells from a variety of insults. We investigated the effect of EGB on cognitive ability and protein kinase B （PKB） activity in hippocampal neuronal cells of dementia model rats. Rats received an intra- peritoneal injection of D-galactose to induce dementia. Forty-eight Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups, including the control group, D-galactose group （Gal）, low-dose EGB group （EGB-L）, mid-dose EGB group （EGB-M）, high-dose EGB group （EGB-H） and treatment group. The EGB-L, EGB-M and EGB-H groups were administered with EGB and D-galactose simultaneously. Y-maze, cresyl violet staining, TUNEL assays and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to detect learning and memory abilities, morpho- logical changes in the hippocampus, neuronal apoptosis and the expressing level of phospho-PKB, respectively. Rats in the Gal group showed decreased abilities of learning and memory, and hippocampal pyramidal cell layer was damaged, while EGB administration improved learning and memory abilities. The Gal group exhibited many stained, condensed nuclei and micronuclei, either isolated or within the cytoplasm of cells （39.5 ± 1.4）. Apoptotic cells decreased in the groups of EGB-L （35.9±0.9）, EGB-M （16.8± 1.0） and EGB-H （10.1±0.8）, and there were statistical significances compared with the Gal group. Immunoreactivity of phospho-PKB was localized diffusely throughout the cytosol of cells in all groups, while the immunoreactivity of the Gal group was weak. EGB signifi- cantly attenuated learning and memory impairment in a dose-dependent manner, while it could decrease the nmber of TUNEL-positive cells, and increase the activity of PKB. Our results demonstrated that EGB attenuated memory impairment and cell apoptosis in galactose-induced dementia model rats by activating PKB.

Treatment Effects of Acupuncture and Calligraphy Training on Cognitive Abilities in Senile Demented Patients

Purpose:This study compared the relative effectiveness of Chinese calligraphy handwriting(CCH)and acupuncture in the treatment of patients with senile dementia.Materials and Methods:A randomized controlled trial(RCT)with 17 mild-to-moderate dementia patients with an average age of 77.29 years were randomly assigned with 9 to the calligraphy handwriting group and 8 to the acupuncture treatment group for a month of consecutive treatment.The participants'cognitive abilities,as well as symptoms of senile dementia,were measured by the Chinese version of the Mini-mental State Examination(CMMSE)and the Chinese Medicine Quantitative Diagnostic Survey for Senile Dementia Symptoms,respectively,before and after the treatment.Results:The calligraphy group showed a significant increase in calculation and memory as well as a decline in the symptoms of senile dementia.Patients in the acupuncture group experienced a significant growth in total CMMSE scores and the subscales in orientation to time and place,behavioral operations,as well as reduced clinical symptoms.However,no significant changes were found in their memory and calculation abilities.Conclusion:Both CCH and acupuncture treatments were found significantly effective for,respectively,enhancing the patients'cognitive abilities and reducing their clinical symptoms.Further,calligraphy handwriting also improved the level of their attention and concentration,physical relaxation,and emotional stability.

Creative Problem-Solving and Music: Analyzing the Correlation between Music and Divergent Thinking Abilities

This research paper delves into the connection, between problem-solving and music. It’s a topic that has piqued the interest of scholars in fields, including science and neuroscience. The study explores how music can influence our ability to think divergently which is an aspect of creative thinking. It builds upon advancements in methods to investigate the relationship between music and divergent thinking aiming to uncover potential correlations. Doing it offers insights into the interplay between artistic expression and cognitive innovation. This research combines an analysis of existing literature with data collected from a group of participants shedding light on how music impacts our capacity for creative thinking. It demonstrates that music plays a role as a catalyst, for stimulating and enhancing thinking abilities.

Effects of oxygen concentration and flow rate on cognitive ability and physiological responses in the elderly

The supply of highly concentrated oxygen positively affects cognitive processing in normal young adults. However, there have been few reports on changes in cognitive ability in elderly subjects following highly concentrated oxygen administration. This study investigated changes in cognitive ability, blood oxygen saturation （%）, and heart rate （beats/min） in normal elderly subjects at three different levels of oxygen [21% （1 L/min）, 93% （1 L/min）, and 93% （5 L/min）] administered during a 1-back task. Eight elderly male （75.3 ＋ 4.3 years old） and 10 female （71.1 ＋ 3.9 years old） subjects, who were normal in cognitive ability as shown by a score of more than 24 points in the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea, participated in the experiment. The experiment consisted of an adaptation phase after the start of oxygen administration （3 minutes）, a control phase to obtain stable baseline measurements of heart rate and blood oxygen saturation before the task （2 minutes） and a task phase during which the 1-back task was performed （2 minutes）. Three levels of oxygen were administered throughout the three phases （7 minutes）. Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured during each phase. Our results show that blood oxygen saturation increased, heart rate decreased, and response time in the 1-back task decreased as the concentration and amount of administered oxygen increased. This shows that administration of sufficient oxygen for optimal cognitive functioning increases blood oxygen saturation and decreases heart rate.

Does Cognitive Interference Induce Measurement Bias in Cognitive Ability Tests?

The aim of this paper was to test for measurement bias, due to cognitive interference on cognitive ability tests, using a structural equation modeling technique. The sample consisted of 231 undergraduate students who were examined with three tests addressed to numerical ability, space visualization and inductive ability, respectively. They were also asked to respond to the Cognitive Interference Questionnaire tapping task-oriented worries while working on the aforementioned tests. In comparing two nested models, one hypothesizing measurement bias due to cognitive interference and one not, results show that the test tapping inductive ability displays measurement bias due to cognitive interference.

Construction of Structural Elements and Characteristic System of Athletes’Cognitive Ability

Cognitive ability is important component of competitive ability of athletes,an important content of winning elements in sports,and an important topic of modern sports training and scientific research.These problems will restrict the improvement of athletes’cognitive ability and mental level.Based on the theory of psychology,use multiple hierarchical thinking,research cognitive theory of sports and the characteristics of cognitive ability of elite athletes,research the structure element system of cognitive ability,construct a two-level structure model of the cognitive ability of excellent athletes,summarize specific characteristics of the first level elements,and apply psychological cognitive theory to the training of modern Olympic Games mobilization,so as to provide valuable cognitive training,psychological training,and intelligence training for athletes theoretical guidance.

On the Apriority and Self-renewal of Cognitive Ability

Human cognition ability comes from sensory experience or gift concept.This is the difference between empiricism and rationalism in the two major factions of Western European philosophy in the 16th and 18th centuries.The weakness of empiricism is that it is impossible to obtain knowledge with universal necessity from complicated experience,and the inability to obtain new knowledge is the weakness of theory.How to reconcile the contradiction between the two has become a new theme.This paper will cut into the three aspects of philosophy,geometry,and modern business economy,and explore the innate nature of cognitive ability and the characteristics of human self-renewal that are manifested in the process of self-development of cognitive ability.Its significance is not only to explore the essence of human beings,but also to give hope to the multiple possibilities of human beings.

County-level USA:No Robust Relationship between Geoclimatic Variables and Cognitive Ability

Using a sample of~3,100 U.S.counties,we tested geoclimatic explanations for why cognitive ability varies across geography.These models posit that geoclimatic factors will strongly predict cognitive ability across geography,even when a variety of common controls appear in the regression equations.Our results generally do not support UV radiation(UVR)based or other geoclimatic models.Specifically,although UVR alone predicted cognitive ability at the U.S.county-level(β=-.33),its validity was markedly reduced in the presence of climatic and demographic covariates(β=-.16),and was reduced even further with a spatial lag(β=-.10).For climate models,average temperature remained a significant predictor in the regression equation containing a spatial lag(β=.35).However,the effect was in the wrong direction relative to typical cold weather hypotheses.Moreover,when we ran the analyses separately by race/ethnicity,no consistent pattern appeared in the models containing the spatial lag.Analyses of gap sizes across counties were also generally inconsistent with predictions from the UVR model.Instead,results seemed to provide support for compositional models.

The Investigation Report of Farmers' Political Cognition and Ability

In order to investigate the situation of political cognition and ability,the research group had surveyed some rural areas by the methods of questionnaires,literature review and case interviews.The data results showed that farmers had an independent ability of political judgment,but on the other hand the actual voting rate was very low.In a word,there is a long way to improve farmers’political cognition and ability.

Changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity during cognitive task-induced cerebral fatigue in high performance fighter pilots

BACKGROUND： Several studies have demonstrated that sustained cognitive tasks can induce cognitive fatigue and that the mean cerebral blood flow velocity changes in some cerebral regions during cerebral fatigue. OBJECTIVE： To dynamically monitor the changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in different brain regions of high performance fighter pilots during mental arithmetic tasks and consecutive performance tasks. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The present neurophysiological trial, based on controlled observation, was performed at the Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Institute of Aviation Medicine, Air Force of China between January 2003 and December 2005. PARTICIPANTS： Forty-five males, high performance fighter pilots, averaging （27.6±2.5） years, were recruited for this study. METHODS： The mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery of subjects was dynamically tested using transcranial Doppler during 5- hour mental arithmetic tasks and during 5- hour consecutive performance tasks. The neurobehavioral ability index was analyzed throughout each trial according to the number of correct responses, false responses, and lost responses. Simultaneously, cerebral cognitive fatigue-induced lethargy was assessed by the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery; neurobehavioral ability index of mental arithmetic and consecutive performance tasks; Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores. RESULTS： During mental arithmetic tasks, the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery increased during hour 2 and decreased after hour 4. There was no significant change in mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. During hour 4, cerebral cognitive fatigue was observed and, simultaneously, Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores demonstrated the presence of fatigue. During such a stage, the neurobehavioral ability index decreased, indicating a decline in performance ability. During consecutive performance tasks, the mean cerebral blood flow velocity declined earlier in the posterior cerebral artery compared to the middle cerebral artery. CONCLUSION： Five- hour mental arithmetic tasks have few effects on cerebral functions and do not lead to a significant change in mean cerebral blood flow velocity. Five-hour consecutive performance tasks can induce cerebral cognitive fatigue, and a marked decline in mean cerebral blood flow velocity.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Ameliorates Streptozotocin-induced Cognitive and Synaptic Plasticity Deficits by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Preserving AKT and ERK Activities

Progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment are the main clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Currently,there is no effective drug available for the treatment of AD.Previous studies have demonstrated that the cognitive impairment of AD is associated with oxidative stress and the inhibition of AKT and ERK phosphorylation.Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract(GSPE)has been shown to have strong antioxidant effect and can protect the nervous system from oxidative stress damage.This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of GSPE on the cognitive and synaptic impairments of AD using a sporadic AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular(ICV)injection of streptozotocin(STZ)(ICV-STZ).Rats were treated with GSPE(50,100,or 200 mg/kg every day)by intragastrical(ig.)administration for continuous 7 weeks,and ICV-STZ(3 mg/kg)was performed on the first day and third day of week 5.Learning and memory abilities were assessed by the Morris water maze(MWM)test at week 8.After behavioral test,hippocampal long-term potentiation(LTP)was recorded,and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutases(SOD),glutathione(GSH)and the protein expression of AKT and ERK were measured in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats.Our study revealed that ICV-STZ significantly impaired the working learning ability and hippocampal LTP of rats,significantly increased the levels of MDA,and decreased the activity of SOD and GSH in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.In contrast,GSPE treatment prevented the impairment of cognitive function and hippocampal LTP induced by ICV-STZ,decreased the level of MDA,and increased the level of SOD and GSH.Furthermore,Western blot results showed that GSPE treatment could prevent the loss of AKT and ERK activities in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex induced by ICV-STZ.Our findings demonstrate that GSPE treatment could ameliorate the impairment of cognitive ability and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of sporadic AD by inhibiting oxidative stress and preserving AKT and ERK activities.Therefore,GSPE may be an effective agent for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with sporadic AD.

Habilitation护理模式对智能减退患者认知功能、自理能力及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨Habilitation护理模式对智能减退患者认知功能、自理能力及生活质量的影响。方法:前瞻性选取2021年1月1日~2023年1月31日收治的智能减退患者120例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各60例,对照组给予常规护理,研究组给予Habilitation护理模式;比较两组护理满意度,干预前后认知功能[采用简易智能量表(MMSE)]、体衰能力[采用总体衰退量表(GDS)]、日常生活能力[采用日常生活能力量表(ADL)]、生活质量[采用生活质量量表(QOL)],同时记录两组在护理过程中不良安全行为发生情况。结果:研究组护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.01);干预后,两组MMSE、QOL、ADL及GDS评分均优于干预前(P<0.01),且研究组优于对照组(P<0.01);研究组不良安全行为发生率低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:应用Habilitation护理模式护理可改善智能减退患者的认知功能,提高其自理能力与生活质量,同时降低不良安全行为发生率,安全性较高,值得临床推广。

Does Light Exposure during Embryonic Development Affect Cognitive Behavior in a Lizard?

Light is essential for embryonic development in many ovipa rous animals including fish,amphibians,and birds.However,light may be harmful for reptile embryos developing underground where they are in complete darkness and beneath thin eggshells.Nonetheless,how embryonic light conditions affect reptile development and offspring remains largely unknown.Here we incubated eggs in dark and light conditions to determine the effects of light exposure on embryonic development and offspring visual ability,spa tial cognitive ability and growth in a lacertid lizard,Eremias argus.Our experiments demonstrated that light stimulation shortened incubation duration of eggs,but did not affect hatching success,offspring size,visual ability or survival More interestingly,light exposure during incuba tion decreased spa tial cognitive ability and post-hatching growth of offspring On the basis of nega tive effects on offspring growth rates,our study indicates that in squamate reptiles with thin eggshells,light exposure in early development has negative effects on offspring cognitive ability.

高校教师学术创业经历对创新创业教学效果的影响研究

从学术创业理论视角出发,通过对全国多所高校949名创新创业教师进行问卷调查,再运用结构方程模型构建并验证教师学术创业经历对创新创业教学效果的影响机理,结果表明:高校创新创业教师学术创业经历对创新创业教学效果有显著的直接正向影响,学术创业经历通过提升教学认知与能力进而积极促进教师创新创业教学效果。因此,应进一步重视和加强学术创业实践、提升教学知行水平,从而促进创新创业教学效果的提升。

以认知神经科学为导向的课堂教学环境构建机理与实践分析

针对雷达系统课程内容多、难度大等问题,从认知神经科学理论出发,阐述了神经递质与深度学习之间的关系,揭示了课堂教学本质并给出了神经学解释,提出了以诱导神经递质分泌为牵引、以人脑协同认知为目标的课堂教学环境构建方案,体现了“学为中心”的教育理念。教学环境由日常舒适环境、教室舒适环境、内容舒适环境、好奇挑战环境和自主舒适环境五部分构成。课堂教学环境的构建使得课程从舒适区边缘展开突破,符合脑科学机理,培养了学员以“新旧知识关系建立”为核心的自主学习能力。

体育课根本目标与根本内容的偏离与匡正

长久以来针对体育课根本目标、根本内容的讨论未能切实推进主要源于偏离传承知识与发展认知能力的轨道,执着于身体运动的手段论效用,遮蔽体育课根本内容。紧扣课程教育的属性,分析“内容”与“目标”的内涵认为:体育课的根本内容应立足于“游戏”,由身体运动文化要素构成;根本目标在于教师适时设定恰当的教学情境(方法、手段),干预学生的身体运动行为,帮助他们转变认知状态,将相关身体运动信息转化、融入身体,形成、发展运动认知能力。构建体育课根本目标与根本内容的意义体现为:明确体育课在“育人”方面无可替代,契合基础教育的基础性、一般性要求,兼顾国家(或社会)的需要、个人发展的需要、课程载体的属性,突出体育课的具身性特征。

ESPCS干预对髋关节置换术患者疾病认知能力及健康行为的护理效果观察

目的探讨ESPCS护理干预对髋关节置换术患者疾病认知能力及健康行为的影响。方法选取2022年5月—2023年5月湖北省十堰市太和医院骨科收治的髋关节置换术患者96例为研究对象。按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组48例,对照组行常规护理,观察组实施ESPCS护理干预,内容包括讲解(explanation,E)、模拟(simulation,S)、练习(practice,P)、沟通(communication,C)、支持(support,S),比较两组患者干预前后疾病认知能力、健康行为、髋关节康复与活动度情况及生活质量改善情况。结果干预前,两组患者疾病认知能力总评分及髋关节疾病机制、髋关节置换术治疗原理、髋关节置换术后并发症预防、髋关节术后护理措施评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组疾病认知能力总评分及髋关节疾病机制、髋关节置换术治疗原理、髋关节置换术后并发症预防、髋关节术后护理措施评分高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组患者健康促进生活方式量表(HPLP-Ⅱ)总评分及各维度评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组HPLP-Ⅱ总评分及相关维度评分高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组患者髋关节功能评分(HHS)评分及髋外展角、髋后伸角、髋前屈角比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组HHS评分高于对照组,髋外展角、髋后伸角、髋前屈角大于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组患者生活质量综合评定量表(GQOL-74)各维度评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组GQOL-74各维度评分高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对髋关节置换术患者实施ESPCS护理干预,可有助于患者疾病认知能力及健康行为提升,从而有效改善患者髋关节功能,提升患者生活质量。

左归丸联合丁苯酞佐治帕金森病轻度认知障碍疗效评价

目的探讨左归丸联合丁苯酞佐治帕金森病轻度认知障碍的临床疗效。方法选取医院2023年1月至3月收治的帕金森病轻度认知障碍患者80例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各40例。两组患者均予常规抗帕金森病西药治疗,并予丁苯酞软胶囊口服,观察组患者加服左归丸。两组均连续治疗8周。结果观察组总有效率为90.00%,显著高于对照组的70.00%(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者的腰膝酸软、胁肋疼痛、头晕头痛中医证候积分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组,核因子κB(NF-κB)蛋白表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)及日常生活活动能力(ADL)量表评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组不良反应发生率相当(5.00%比2.50%,P>0.05)。结论常规抗帕金森病治疗基础上佐以左归丸联合丁苯酞,可降低帕金森病轻度认知障碍患者的中医证候积分,改善SIRT1及NF-κB蛋白表达水平,提升认知功能及日常生活能力。