Methods for assessing the grooving corrosion of high-frequency electric resistance welded pipes

Grooving corrosion is a major form of corrosion and is prone to occur when high-frequency electric resistance welded （HFW） pipes are being used. Therefore,grooving corrosion is one of the performance indexes of HFW products. Grooving corrosion usually occurs along the welding fusion line, resulting in one or more corrosion grooves. The main factors affecting grooving corrosion include the contents of alloying elements and impurities （especially sulphur） in the steel,the microstructure of the welds and the steel substrate, welding parameters and the service environment as well. In this study, the existing methods for assessing grooving corrosion were systematically reviewed, improvements and new methods were proposed and developed to overcome the shortcomings of the existing methods, such as inaccuracy and excessive research time. By comparison with the existing methods, the operational procedures and the characteristics of the new methods are introduced, and issues regarding the behavior of grooving corrosion and their assessment methods, which both need further research,are discussed in this study.

Nonlinear dynamic response and buckling of laminated cylindrical shells with axial shallow groove based on a semi-analytical method

The effect of axial shallow groove on the nonlinear dynamic response and buckling of laminated cylindrical shells subjected to radial compression loading was investigated. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory （FSDT）, the nonlinear dynamic equations involving the transverse shear deformation and initial geometric imperfections were derived with the Hamilton philosophy. The axial shallow groove of the laminated composite cylindrical shell was treated as the initial geometric imperfections in the dynamic equations. A semi-analytical method of expanding displacements and loads along the circumferential direction and employing the finite difference method along the axial direction and in the time domain is used to solve the governing equations and obtain the dynamic response of the laminated shell. The B-R criterion was employed to determine the critical loads of dynamic buckling of the shell. The effects of the parameters of the shallow groove on the dynamic response and buckling were discussed in this paper and the results show that the axial shallow grooves greatly affect the dynamic response and buckling.

Calculation methods of lubricant film pressure distribution of radial grooved thrust bearings

In order to calculate the pressure distribution of radial grooved thrust bearing, analytical and numerical methods were applied respectively. Grooved region and land region were linked by u- sing the mass conservations principle at the groove/land boundary in each method. The block-weight approach was implemented to deal with the non-coincidence of mesh and radial groove pattern in nu- merical method. It was observed that the numerical solutions had higher precision as mesh number exceed 70 x 70, and the relaxation iteration of differential scheme presented the fastest convergence speed when relaxation factor was close to 1.94.

INVESTIGATION ON THE APPLICATION OF THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD TO THE SPILL GROOVED THRUST BEARING

An application of the boundary element method (BEM) is presented to calculate the behaviors of a spiral grooved thrust bearing (SGTB). The basic reason is that the SGTB has very complex boundary conditions that can hinder the effective or sufficient applications of the finite difference method (FDM) and the finite element method (FEM), despite some existing work based on the FDM and the FEM. In other to apply the BEM, the pressure control equation, i. e., Reynolds' equation, is first transformed into Laplace's and Poisson's form of the equations. Discretization of the SGTB with a set of boundary elements is thus explained in detail, which also includes the handling of boundary conditions. The Archimedean SGTB is chosen as an example of the application Of BEM, and the relationship between the behaviors and structure parameters of the bearing are found and discussed through this calculation. The obtained results lay a solid foundation for a further work of the design of the SGTB.

Strength of Thin-Walled Lipped Channel Section Columns with Shell-Shaped Curved Grooves

Thin-walled member is structurally superior to a construction member. However, by reason of complexity in structure the stress and the deformation to yield the cross section are complicated. Specially, in case thin-walled members, such as thin-walled channel section columns, which are subjected to compressive force, these members produce the local buckling, distortional buckling and overall buckling. A number of experimental and theoretical investigations subjected to axial compressive force are generated for thin-walled channel section columns with triangle-shaped folded groove by Hancock [1] and with complex edge stiffeners and web stiffeners by Wang [2]. In case thin-walled channel section column with folded groove which is subjected to axial compressive force, it is cleared that the buckling mode shapes are ordinarily generated for local buckling mode shape of plate-panel composing cross section of member in short member aspect ratio and overall buckling mode shape as column and distortional buckling mode shape interacting between local buckling and overall buckling similarly normal thin-walled member. It is cleared analytically and experimentally that buckling strength and critical strength of thin-walled channel section column with folded groove can increase sharply in comparison with that of normal thin-walled member composing only plate-panel. In this paper a new cross section of shell-shaped curved groove [3] was proposed instead of the thin-walled lipped channel section column with triangle- and rectangle-shaped folded grooves used ordinarily, and therefore the comparison and the examination of buckling strength and buckling behavior were generated in the case of preparing triangle-shaped folded and shell-shaped curved grooves to web and flange of thin-walled channel section column. And then in order to investigate the buckling behavior on the thin-walled channel section column with folded and curved grooves, exact buckling strength and the buckling mode shapes are generated by using the transfer matrix method. The analytical local distortional and overall elastic buckling loads of thin-walled channel section column with folded and curved grooves can be obtained simultaneously by use of the transfer matrix method. Furthermore, a technique to estimate the buckling mode shapes of these members is also shown.

氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面抗剪性能试验

为探究氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面抗剪性能,开展干湿循环(0 d、60 d和120 d)不同沟槽形状(矩形、正梯形和倒梯形)的单搭接拉伸剪切试验,研究失效模式和断裂能的变化及影响最大剪应力的因素,结合试验结果推导了考虑干湿循环的界面黏结滑移本构方程,并通过数值模拟验证其有效性。结果表明:随干湿循环进行,表面开槽法失效模式由CFRP断裂破坏转变为剥离破坏;120 d界面断裂能下降量较未开槽法减少60.04%~69.42%;正梯形组120 d最大剪应力相比其他表面开槽形状提升7.18%~9.48%。表面开槽法在氯盐干湿循环作用下具有较好的抗剪性能,建立的界面本构劣化方程适用于氯盐干湿循环作用下表面开槽CFRP-混凝土界面黏结性能的分析和模拟。

基于田口法的平面曲折槽优化方法

为了解决传统曲折槽机构在设计阶段的低效性和局限性问题,通过探索不同设计参数对平面曲折槽的质量块位移影响规律,提出一种基于田口法的优化设计方法。采用田口法对影响平面曲折槽质量块的最大位移的5个参数(曲折槽宽度、曲折槽倾角、曲折槽每段长度、锚槽交错间隙和锚槽间隙)在4个水平下进行分析,构建五因素四水平的正交表进行试验分析。通过基于有限元方法的仿真计算,针对不同的尺寸参数组合获得对应的质量块最大位移。利用信噪比分析和方差分析筛选出影响输出响应的重要因子,综合分析得到最佳的设计参数组合,并对优化得到的参数组合进行有限元仿真,在仿真结果中,优化方案的质量块最大位移从1 331μm提高至1 948μm,提升了46.35%。对优化方案的平面曲折槽进行加工,样件试验结果表明质量块最大位移在发射载荷下低于1 800μm,且在勤务载荷下低于1 000μm,达到设计要求,为MEMS平面曲折槽机构的优化设计提供了理论和实验指导。

Analysis of circular-to-circular groove waveguide junction

Mode matching method is used to analyze the scattering characteristics of thecircular-to-circular groove waveguide junction. Matching the electric fields and magnetic fields atthe boundary of the junction, and multiplying the mode functions of the circular waveguide andcircular groove waveguide on both sides of the boundary equation, the scattering matrix equation isobtained, the scattering coefficients can be obtained from the equation. Then the scatteringcharacteristics of the iris with circular window in circular groove waveguide are analyzed. At lastthe convergent problem is discussed; when choosing a suitable mode group, convergent numericalresults are obtained, and the frequency response of the iris' scattering coefficients is also given.

基于单缝法的混凝土工作应力微损测试

混凝土工作应力是相对于无应力状态的应力增量。为准确测定混凝土工作应力,基于“应变部分释放”的理念,提出一种用于混凝土工作应力的微损伤测试方法——单缝法。该方法通过切割一条较浅的弧形狭缝来释放应力,根据测试应变来计算应力。采用数值模拟验证了单缝法的有效性,并分析了混凝土弹性模量等参数对应变释放率的影响。应变释放率为切缝释放应变与混凝土初始应变的比值。通过试验研究了应力大小、切缝深度等参数对测试精度的影响。研究结果表明:应变释放率由切缝形状与大小唯一确定,与混凝土弹性模量、应力大小、切缝宽度等参数无关;给定切缝形状与大小,就可以借助数值模拟或试验确定相应的应变释放率。释放应变沿切缝两侧呈“M”形分布,远离切缝,释放应变呈先增加、后减小的趋势。应变片应尽量布置在应变较大且单调变化的位置,故建议选用50 mm的应变片,布置在距切缝边缘25 mm的位置。切缝深度越大,切割产生的扰动应变越大,当切缝深度小于35 mm,扰动应变为12~18με的压应变;扰动应变可在测试应变中扣除,以消除其对测试精度的影响。切缝深度越大,测试精度越高,但对混凝土的损伤也越大,若采用直径125 mm切割片,建议切缝深度控制在30~35 mm。单缝法能够有效测试混凝土工作应力且具有较高的精度,对于测试试样,测量误差少于8.5%。

阀体偏心沉割槽对滑阀阀芯径向不平衡力的影响

滑阀流道呈现一种非对称且变化的复杂流道,阀内形成湍流流动,致使阀芯表面受到不均匀压力作用,形成不平衡力,导致阀芯出现倾斜,增加阀芯卡滞的风险,影响滑阀正常工作。针对这个问题,研究了阀体偏心沉割槽对滑阀阀芯径向不平衡力的影响。首先,简化了滑阀流道模型,采用数值模拟方法建立了滑阀瞬态流动分析模型;然后,基于伯努利效应,分析了不同偏心沉割槽时阀芯表面不均匀压力分布规律;最后,获取了不平衡力计算公式,研究了不同沉割槽偏心距对阀内流动特性、阀芯表面受力及径向不平衡力的影响。研究结果表明:采用偏心沉割槽结构减缓了出口段阀芯下表面区域的湍流程度,有效降低了阀芯径向不平衡力的大小;沉割槽偏心距为1.92 mm时,阀芯受到的不平衡力最小,相对于无偏心沉割槽,径向不平衡力在开度为0.5 mm时减小了77.63%,开度为1.5 mm时减小了50.18%,有效减缓了阀芯的倾斜程度。该研究结果对阀体沉割槽设计及阀芯不平衡力抑制方法的研究具有一定参考价值。

双线盾构施工地面沉降槽形状判别数值研究

[目的]双线盾构施工地面沉降槽形状会随隧道净距、埋深发生变化,因此需对沉降槽随净距、埋深的演化机理进行深入研究。[方法]以成都地铁17号线小南街站—人民公园站区间双线盾构工程为依托,采用数值模拟方法分析了不同净距-埋深组合工况下双线盾构施工的地面沉降槽形状变化过程,基于双线地面沉降公式拟合出各工况中各项取值,并提出沉降槽形状判据S。[结果及结论]Peck公式和刘波公式能较好地表达地面沉降的模拟监测结果:当S∈[0.319,0.536)时,沉降槽呈“V”形;当S∈[0.536,0.783)时,沉降槽呈“U”形;当S∈[0.783,1.120)时,沉降槽呈“浅W”形;当S∈[1.120,3.873)时,沉降槽呈非对称“W”形;当S≥3.873时,沉降槽呈“双V”形或“双W”形。当隧道埋深为1D(D为隧道直径),且两隧道之间的净距为2D至3D时,两隧道中线附近的地面会出现隆起现象,并且随着净距的增加,隆起的范围也会相应增大。在两隧道中心正上方的地面上,由于盾尾注浆压力的作用,部分沉降被抵消,导致该区域的沉降槽呈现出独特的“双W”形形态。

倒边盖挖逆作法基坑支护结构可靠性分析

为了解决采用标准Monte Carlo法计算复杂基坑工程上常见小概率失效,导致计算效率低的问题,以南京市湖南路地下商业街工程为工程背景,首先,将随机响应面法与基坑工程三维模型相结合,求解极限功能函数的响应面方程,并用标准Monte Carlo法计算失效概率和可靠指标,探讨采用倒边盖挖逆作法作为基坑支护结构施工方法的可行性;其次,基于该响应面方程,以土体的弹性模量为随机变量参数,采用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗子集模拟法(MCMC子集模拟法)计算基坑支护结构的失效概率,并与标准Monte Carlo法结果进行对比分析。结果表明:当支护结构最大侧移控制指标为25 mm时,计算得到的可靠指标均大于4.6,即采用倒边盖挖逆作法施工过程中基坑是安全的;10万次和50万次标准Monte Carlo法计算得到的失效概率均为零,说明对于标准Monte Carlo法,在计算小概率失效问题时10万与50万的样本量是不足的;而MCMC子集模拟法用2.98万个样本计算出的结果与标准Monte Carlo法采用100万个样本计算的结果相对误差仅为1.7%,表明MCMC子集模拟法对于小概率失效问题求解的优势。所提算法在一定程度上提高了计算结构系统小概率失效问题的效率,对结构系统可靠性的相关研究具有一定参考价值。

考虑圆度误差的角接触球轴承温升特性研究

以往有关于轴承温升特性的研究多注重轴承温升以及圆度误差对轴承振动的影响,其中圆度误差对轴承温升影响的文献较少,且研究对象多针对的是低速、轻载轴承的温升。为此,建立了考虑圆度误差、轴承预紧力、离心效应、热力耦合等影响的角接触球轴承热-力耦合模型,研究了轴承沟道圆度误差对轴承温升的影响规律。首先,以轴承拟动力学、弹流润滑理论、传热学理论和基尔霍夫能量守恒定律为基础,建立了考虑圆度误差、轴承预紧力、离心效应、热力耦合等影响的角接触球轴承热-力耦合模型;然后,利用模型分析了不同工况条件、圆度误差对轴承温升特性影响;最后,将模型计算结果与试验结果进行了比较,验证了角接触球轴承热-力耦合模型的合理性。研究结果表明:模型计算结果和实验结果相比,最大相对误差为5.37%;随着圆度误差阶次的增加,轴承温度呈现波动性变化,且随着转速的增加,波动趋势愈加显著;随着润滑油温度的升高,温度波动逐渐减小;当圆度误差的阶次等于球数n/2±2(n=1,2,3…)时,轴承外圈温度比不考虑圆度误差时要低,因此将圆度误差控制在特定阶次内能有效降低轴承温升,从而提高工作效率;轴承外圈温度的波动性与外圈圆度误差的幅值成正比,为轴承设计提供了重要参考;外圈温度与沟道圆度误差阶次之间呈周期性变化,并与钢球的个数形成映射关系,当圆度误差阶次等于球数的(2 n-1)/4倍(n=1,2,3…)时,轴承外圈温度达到最高;当圆度误差阶次等于球数的n/2倍(n=1,2,3…)时,轴承外圈温度最低,这一规律可为轴承的优化提供具体参考方向。

隧道预切槽法合理支护时机及管片接头结构研究

预切槽法是隧道暗挖施工的一种超前支护工法,此工法可大幅度降低地表沉降量,对隧道围岩土体及地表建(构)筑物影响较小。采用室内试验和数值模拟的方法,针对浇筑预切槽管片所用混凝土的前期强度、合理支护时机以及预切槽管片接头处合理的接茬方式进行了研究。研究结果表明,按C30配比的混凝土养护1.5~2 h时即具有6 MPa以上的抗压强度,满足拆模要求;粘接介质对管片环向位移的约束效果明显,环氧树脂可作为优良的管片粘接剂;榫槽式接头榫头角度α的理想范围为55°~70°,综合考虑预切槽工艺的可操作性,榫槽式接头深度B的理想范围为6~8 cm。

外转子导水槽对双轴颈阶梯腔滑动轴承水膜特性的影响

开设导水槽的外转子双轴颈阶梯腔滑动轴承为电子水泵径向轴承的常见结构,轴承水膜压力和承载力直接影响转子系统的稳定性和使用寿命。采用有限元方法对具有不同水槽的外转子滑动轴承水膜特性进行流体分析,获得了一定转速和偏心率下的轴承水膜压力分布规律,研究了水槽结构和槽数对水膜压力与承载力的影响。结果表明,转子内孔导水槽改变了双轴颈部位水膜压力分布,梯形截面水槽轴承具有较好的承载力。与无槽结构相比,直线导水槽使轴颈水膜周向压力曲线不光滑,转子系统承载力下降且出现周期径向波动,压力峰值随水槽数量的增加而减小。螺旋型水槽显著提升了轴承水膜压力、承载力和平稳性,但导水槽螺旋升角增至60°时,双轴颈轴向水膜压力分布出现不均衡。

基于面波法和高密度电法的地连墙成槽扰动研究

地下连续墙是当前地下工程中常见的一种截水、防渗、挡土结构,在众多轨道交通以及房建工程中都有广泛应用。在地下连续墙施工过程中,周围土体会受到扰动,导致各类工程性质参数发生变化。使用瑞雷面波法、高密度电阻率法两种新型试验手段,以江阴靖江长江隧道江北段明挖隧道为工程依托,对地下连续墙成槽施工后土体的剪切模量、电阻率变化规律以及扰动范围开展研究。结果表明,地下连续墙成槽施工后不同位置土体的剪切模量和电阻率变化不一。以剪切模量为评价指标时,明显扰动区分布在深度4 m以上且距槽壁5.5 m范围内;以电阻率为评价指标时,明显扰动区位于深度4 m以下且距槽壁4 m以内区域。

倾斜中厚矿体阶段空场嗣后充填采矿工艺优化研究

分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法是倾斜中厚矿体的高效采矿方法,但爆破、充填与采场稳定性之间关系复杂,可能存在地表塌陷、顶底板垮塌和回采损失率高的问题。采用工程类比、工业试验等手段,从回采顺序、切割方式、底部结构布置等方面对倾斜中厚矿体分段凿岩阶段空场嗣后充填法进行了工艺优化,并提出采场内不留间柱的布置方法。该方法在一步骤充填后将充填体侧帮直接与矿房相连接,并采用挤压爆破提高充填体强度和矿块的回采率。实施时间是该方法的关键,ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟表明:采用中深孔挤压爆破形成切割槽时,应在采场充填及充填体养护7~9 d后进行。工程实践表明该方法具有可行性,能够为矿山生产提供技术支撑。

基于双束切槽法的DZ125镍基合金喷丸残余应力的研究

喷丸是提高零部件抗疲劳强度的重要工艺,其中喷丸引入的残余应力对其有着巨大影响。目前,人们对喷丸的残余应力研究仍然不足,主要是因为各种测试方法存在各自的缺陷,无法满足工程的实际需要。针对工程实际中喷丸部件长时间处于热暴露工作环境的情况,基于双束切槽法研究高温时效对DZ125镍基合金喷丸残余应力的影响。结果表明,高温时效会大幅降低喷丸引入的残余压应力。

煤峪口矿首采工作面复杂地质条件“四位一体”综合探测技术研究

为进一步查清首采工作面构造及煤层赋存发育情况,首次采用井下探孔窥视结合测井技术、单巷槽波反射法、井下定向钻探技术、透、反射联合勘探法“四位一体”综合探测技术体系,避免了以往单纯地依靠钻探所造成的工作量极大且预测准确率较低的弊端,同时准确地预测断层及破碎带位置,保障煤矿安全高效生产。

连续打点采样法在马坑铁矿巷道采样中应用的可行性分析

目前,马坑铁矿井下巷道采样方法为连续打点捡块采样法,遇到坚硬、结构面平整的矿石,就不能在同一水平线上进行连续打点采样,存在上下浮动采样的现象,难以保证打点采样的连续性,导致个别样品数据不准确,无法满足生产要求。基于以上原因,开展刻槽采样、连续打点采样和钻孔全芯取样的方法研究,通过收集不同采样方法的样品数据,验证连续打点采样与钻孔全芯取样、刻槽取样之间的偏差性,分析偏差原因,最终得到连续打点采样,可以满足生产需要。