SHAANXI'S KEY PROJECTS FOR FIXED ASSETS INVESTMENT DURING THE NINTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN

During the Eighth Five-Year Planperiod, Shaanxi Province intensifiedthe restructuring of investment andmacro-control in fixed assets investment byimplementing the policy of "limiting totalamount, readjusting structure, rectifying orderand improving efficiency". The wholeprovince realized RMB 110 billion in fixedassets investment, (including RMB 86.5 billionby state-owned units, RMB 14.23 billionthrough loans from the construction bank,making up 16.5 percent), RMB 67 billionmore than in the Seventh Five-Year Planperiod, with an annual increase of 26.5 percent.Thanks to the support, a group of medium-to-large and key projects have been put

Education Investment Fixed Asset Investment and Regional Economic Development Differences--Empirical analysis based on Chinese

In this article,it discusses the di£ferences in economic development between urban and rural areas and regions in our country from the perspective of education investment and fixed asset investment.Based on the provincial data of 31 provinces from 1999 to 2017 released by National Bureau of Statistics,it expends the Cobb-Douglas model and Lucas model,and analyses the data with multiple linear regression models.From the study,it finds that compared with investment in fixed assets,investment in education has a larger role in promoting economic development,which is more obvious in the underdeveloped central and western regions and rural areas.However,at the same time it needs to note that the positive effects of education investment will be restricted by the economic structure and policy environment,and education expenditure policies should also be implemented in accordance with time and local conditions.

A Study on Investment Structure of Fixed Assets and Regional Economic Growth

Nowadays,it has been in the period of rapidly developing China’s economy.Since the financial crisis in 2008,China has paid more and more attention to investing in fixed assets,and the growth rate of investing in fixed asset is also rising.However,when promoting regional economic growth,if we only pay attention to the total amount of fixed asset investment,there will inevitably exist some blindness and lack of sustainability.Therefore,the study between the investment structure of fixed assets and regional economic growth is quite important.China has a vast territory and many regions.The investment structure of fixed assets in different regions is also different,so the influence on economic growth is also different.This paper analyzes the investment structure of fixed assets and regional economic growth,and help realize the rapid growth of regional economy by recognizing the current situation of China's investment structure of fixed assets.

Employment and development levels in rural areas of the Russian Federation

The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health.The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure,as well as the availability of various services.This study selected 15 indicators in 2021 to analyze the employment and development levels in rural areas of 71 regions of the Russian Federation using the analytical grouping method.The results indicated that 20 regions(Group 1)had the highest percentage of rural population(33.10%).The percentage of population engaged in agriculture had the highest value(12.40%)in 31 regions(Group 2).Moreover,20 regions(Group 3)had the highest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget(11.80 USD/person).Increasing the investments in fixed assets carried out from the budget of the municipality can improve the employment level in rural areas.Then,we used cluster analysis to divide 14 regions of the Volga Federal District in the Russian Federation into 3 clusters.Cluster 1 covered Kirov Region and Republic of Mari El;Cluster 2 included Ulyanovsk Region,Saratov Region,Nizhny Novgorod Region,Perm Territory,Orenburg Region,Chuvash Region,and Republic of Mordovia;and Cluster 3 contained Republic of Tatarstan,Samara Region,Udmurtian Republic,Penza Region,and Republic of Bashkortostan.Results indicated that the 2 regions of Cluster 1 need to increase the availability of resources and natural gas and improve the investment attractiveness of rural areas.The 7 regions of Cluster 2 needed to develop infrastructure,public services,and agricultural production.We found the highest employment level in rural areas,the largest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget,the largest residential building area per 10,000 persons,and the largest individual residential building area in the 5 regions of Cluster 3.This study makes it possible to draw up a comprehensive regional development program and proves the need for the development of rural areas,which is especially important for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation.

How China＇s Fiscal Policy Contributes to Investment and Economic Growth： Experience and Lessons

This paper （1） discusses how the two indicators used in official statistics of China, namely total investment in fixed assets and the gross fixed capital formation, reflect changes infixed asset investment and their relationship, （2） analyzes the growth of fixed asset investment and its contribution to changes of economic growth rate since the reform and opening-up, and （3） explains how fiscal policy impacts the growth of fixed asset investment and analyzes in detail the impacts of the two rounds of contractionary fiscal policy, two rounds of expansionary fiscal policy and one round of neutral fiscal policy on China＇ s fixed asset investment growth since reform and opening-up using full and accurate data. Practice shows that the impact of fiscal policy on China＇ s fixed asset investment is direct and obvious, yet sometimes too drastic. In the future, fiscal policy should be used in alignment with other economic policies with appropriate intensity and timing so that it will help stabilize the growth of fixed asset investment.

Accurate Understanding of China's Income, Consumption and Investment

This study elaborates on the differences between resident disposable income in the flow of fimds table and in the household survey; between household consumption in expenditure- based GDP and in the household survey; and between gross fixed capital formation in expenditure-based GDP and total fixed asset investment in the whole country as shown in investment statistics, from the point of view of their basic concepts and purposes, scope of specifications, data sources, calculation methods and data presentation. We show that the household survey somewhat underestimates household income and consumption, while investment statistics somewhat overestimate total investment in fixed assets. This does not, however, directly affect the accurate understanding of such major economic structures as the structure of the distribution of Chinese nationals＇ disposable income among households, enterprises and government, the structure of final demand, etc.

Effects of China’s VAT system transition on firms’investment and employment——Empirical evidence from the national tax surveys of 2008-2009

Based on a theoretical analysis,this paper empirically studies the effects of China’s VAT system transition in 2009 on the Chinese firms’fixed capital investment and employee recruitment by using the data of National Tax Survey from 2008 to 2009 for the first time.The main findings are as follows.(1)The transition stimulates investment in some industries like Petrochemical,Electricity,and Equipment Manufacturing,but Automotive Industry and Extractive Industry are exceptional.(2)The transition impedes the growth of employment in the Processing Industry for Agricultural Products and the Petrochemical Industry,but has improved the employment situation in Electricity and Automotive industries.The prosperity and marketization degree of industries are key factors that determine the effects.Our findings show that the effects of China’s VAT system transition vary amongst different industries,which imply that when implementing the VAT-related reforms like the reform program to replace business tax with VAT,the Chinese government should design relevant institutions with regard to the macroeconomic environment and differences in industries,and gradually put reform measures into practice.

Validity of the Africa-wide Lang factor of 2.63 for estimating small biogas plant installation costs in Uganda

There is an increasing interest in popularizing small biogas plants to meet the bulk of domestic energy needs in Africa for cooking,lighting,and other activities such as cooling or refrigeration.As stakeholders(policy makers,donors,credit providers,sector experts,and product development professionals)contemplate programs,one of the key questions to which a reliable answer is needed is biogas plant installation cost that may vary from region to region.An Africa-wide materials’cost multiplier factor(Lang factor of 2.63)estimation approach has been proposed,based on data from only two locations.The factor’s validity throughout Africa has been questioned.This study shows that the Africa-wide Lang factor of 2.63 is applicable in Uganda.However,differences in accuracy have been observed based on whether the installation is located in a rural or urban setting.Location-specific factors of 2.984 and 2.404 for rural and urban locations were established and validated,respectively,which produced more accurate estimates in comparison with a single composite non-location specific factor.