Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data of Carbon Dioxide＋Methyl Propionate and Carbon Dioxide＋Propyl Propionate Systems

High-pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the binary systems of methyl propionate＋carbon dioxide and propyl propionate＋carbon dioxide were measured at pressure from 1.00 MPa to 12.00 MPa and temperature in the range from 313 K to 373 K. Experimental results were correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state with the two-parameter van der Waals mixing rule. At the same time, the Henry＇s coefficient, partial molar enthalpy change and partial molar entropy change of CO2 during dissolution at different temperature were also calculated.

EKELAND'S PRINCIPLE FOR SET-VALUED VECTOR EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS

In this paper, we introduce a concept of quasi C-lower semicontinuity for setvalued mapping and provide a vector version of Ekeland＇s theorem related to set-valued vector equilibrium problems. As applications, we derive an existence theorem of weakly efficient solution for set-valued vector equilibrium problems without the assumption of convexity of the constraint set and the assumptions of convexity and monotonicity of the set-valued mapping. We also obtain an existence theorem of ε-approximate solution for set-valued vector equilibrium problems without the assumptions of compactness and convexity of the constraint set.

Typical Equilibrium Beach Profile Models and Their Significances from Different Segments of A Headland-Bay Beach

This study introduces three typical models on equilibrium beach profile, and discusses the application limitations of these models. Then this study examines the selections for applying these models on different coastal segments of a headland-bay beach in west Guangdong, South China, and explores the physical significances of those parameters in the models. The results indicate that：（1） Bodge＇s model is more in line with the equilibrium beach profile of the tangential or transitional segment, whereas Lee＇s model is more consistent with the shadow profile;（2） most of the parameters in three models have clear physical significances in accordance with the actual characteristics of this headland-bay beach; and（3） both the selections for the equilibrium beach profile from different segments and significances of most of the parameters in three models are in essence correlated with the morphodynamic states at various coastal locations.

The equilibrium stability for a smooth and discontinuous oscillator with dry friction

In this paper,we investigate the equilibrium stability of a Filippov-type system having multiple stick regions based upon a smooth and discontinuous（SD） oscillator with dry friction.The sets of equilibrium states of the system are analyzed together with Coulomb friction conditions in both（ f_n,f_s） and（x,˙x） planes.In the stability analysis,Lyapunov functions are constructed to derive the instability for the equilibrium set of the hyperbolic type and La Salle＇s invariance principle is employed to obtain the stability of the nonhyperbolic type.Analysis demonstrates the existence of a thick stable manifold and the interior stability of the hyperbolic equilibrium set due to the attractive sliding mode of the Filippov property,and also shows that the unstable manifolds of the hyperbolic-type are that of the endpoints with their saddle property.Numerical calculations show a good agreement with the theoretical analysis and an excellent efficien y of the approach for equilibrium states in this particular Filippov system.Furthermore,the equilibrium bifurcations are presented to demonstrate the transition between the smooth and the discontinuous regimes.

EQUILIBRIUM OF Mg-S IN Ni MELTS

The equilibrium of Mg-S in Ni melt was studied by the method of vapour equilibrium in a sealed chamber.At 1530℃ the equilibrium constant of the reaction MgS_(s)=Mg_(Ni)+S_(Ni)and the activity interaction coefficient were determined as K_(MgS)=6.76×10^(-5)and e_S^(Mg)=-9.1.

EQUILIBRIUM STABILITY OF GENERALIZED BIRKHOFF’S AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM

In this paper, equilibrium stability of generalized Birkhoff's autonomous system is discussed. First, equilibrium equations of generalized Birkhoff's autonomous system are set up, and the n the linear approximate method and direct method of stability in equilibrium st ate are studied. Some results on equilibrium of generalized Birkhoff's autonomou s system are obtained on the basis of Lyapunov's thorem. Last, the applica tion of the results is illustrated with an example.

A NEW ITERATIVE METHOD FOR FINDING COMMON SOLUTIONS OF GENERALIZED EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEM,FIXED POINT PROBLEM OF INFINITE k-STRICT PSEUDO-CONTRACTIVE MAPPINGS,AND QUASI-VARIATIONAL INCLUSION PROBLEM

In this article, we introduce a hybrid iterative scheme for finding a common element of the set of solutions for a generalized equilibrium problems, the set of common fixed point for a family of infinite k-strict pseudo-contractive mappings, and the set of solutions of the variational inclusion problem with multi-valued maximal monotone mappings and inverse-strongly monotone mappings in Hilbert space. Under suitable conditions, some strong convergence theorems are proved. Our results extends the recent results in G.L.Acedo and H.K.Xu [2], Zhang, Lee and Chan [8], Wakahashi and Toyoda [9], Takahashi and Takahashi [I0] and S. S. Chang, H. W. Joseph Lee and C. K. Chan [II], S.Takahashi and W.Takahashi [12]. Moreover, the method of proof adopted in this article is different from those of [4] and [12].

Understanding of surface pit formation mechanism of GaN grown in MOCVD based on local thermodynamic equilibrium assumption

Frank’s theory describes that a screw dislocation will produce a pit on the surface,and has been evidenced in many material systems including GaN.However,the size of the pit calculated from the theory deviates significantly from experimental result.Through a careful observation of the variations of surface pits and local surface morphology with growing temperature and V/III ratio for c-plane GaN,we believe that Frank’s model is valid only in a small local surface area where thermodynamic equilibrium state can be assumed to stay the same.If the kinetic process is too vigorous or too slow to reach a balance,the local equilibrium range will be too small for the center and edge of the screw dislocation spiral to be kept in the same equilibrium state.When the curvature at the center of the dislocation core reaches the critical value 1/r0,at the edge of the spiral,the accelerating rate of the curvature may not fall to zero,so the pit cannot reach a stationary shape and will keep enlarging under the control of minimization of surface energy to result in a large-sized surface pit.

Stability and boundary equilibrium bifurcations of modified Chua's circuit with smooth degree of 3

Chua＇s circuit is a well-known nonlinear electronic model, having complicated nonsmooth dynamic behaviors. The stability and boundary equilibrium bifurcations for a modified Chua＇s circuit system with the smooth degree of 3 are studied. The parametric areas of stability are specified in detail. It is found that the bifurcation graphs of the su- percritical and irregular pitchfork bifurcations are similar to those of the piecewise-smooth continuous （PWSC） systems caused by piecewise smoothness. However, the bifurcation graph of the supercritical Hopf bifurcation is similar to those of smooth systems. There- fore, the boundary equilibrium bifurcations of the non-smooth systems with the smooth degree of 3 should receive more attention due to their special features.

Existence of Equilibrium Points in the R3BP with Variable Mass When the Smaller Primary is an Oblate Spheroid

The paper deals with the existence of equilibrium points in the restricted three-body problem when the smaller primary is an oblate spheroid and the infinitesimal body is of variable mass. Following the method of small parameters;the co-ordinates of collinear equilibrium points have been calculated, whereas the co-ordinates of triangular equilibrium points are established by classical method. On studying the surface of zero-velocity curves, it is found that the mass reduction factor has very minor effect on the location of the equilibrium points;whereas the oblateness parameter of the smaller primary has a significant role on the existence of equilibrium points.

The principal moments of inertia calculated with the hydrostatic equilibrium figure of the Earth

As an indication of the Earth＇s mass distribution, the principal moments of inertia （PMOI, i.e., A, B, C） of the Earth are the basic parameters in studies of the global dynamics of the earth, like earth nutation, and the geophysics. From the aspect of observation, the PMOI can be calculated from the spherical coefficients of observed gravity field. In this paper, the PMOI are calculated directly according to its definition with the figures of the Earth＇s interior derived by a generalized theory of the hydrostatic equilibrium figure of the Earth. We obtain that the angle between the principal axis of the maximum moment of PMOI and the rotational axis is 0.184~, which means that the other two principal axes are very closely in the equatorial plane. Meanwhile, B-A is 1.60 x 10-5 MR2, and the global dynamical flattening （H） is calculated to be 3.29587 ~ 10-3, which is 0.67% different from the latest observation derived value Hobs（3.273795 × 10 ^-3） （Petit and Luzum, 2010）, and this is a significant improvement from the 1.1% difference between the value of H derived from traditional theories of the figure of the Earth and the value of Hobs. It shows that we can calculate the PMOI and H with an appropriate accuracy by a gener- alized theory of the hydrostatic equilibrium figure of the Earth.

Evaluation of Ecological Sustainable Development in the Yangtze River Delta Region Based on Ecological Footprint Theory

The ecological footprint was employed as a quantitative indicator of resource inputs,enabling a detailed account of the structure of biological resources and energy occupancy,as well as the variation of resource productivity in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)Region.From 2004 to 2018,there were notable variations in the ecological productivity of different types of land on basis of China’s equilibrium factor across the three provinces and one city in the YRD region.Jiangsu Province exhibited the highest ecological productivity of arable land,while Anhui Province exhibited the highest ecological productivity of forest land.Shanghai City exhibited the highest ecological productivity of pasture land,while Zhejiang Province exhibited the highest ecological productivity of water area.In 2018,the proportion of arable land within the total ecological carrying capacity of the YRD region reached 74.35%.Furthermore,the contribution of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces to the YRD’s total ecological carrying capacity was 41.36%and 41.26%,respectively.In the construction of a new development pattern in the YRD region,which is dominated by the domestic cycle as the main body and mutually reinforced by domestic and international double-cycle,the YRD region should combine the utilization of natural forces with innovation in science,technology and cooperation mechanisms.Furthermore,the government should guide the concentration of social capital towards green industries.It is also recommended that the moderate reduction of ecological footprints should be encouraged,and that the security of biological resources and energy,the leadership in the field of cutting-edge science and technology should be ensured in YRD region.This will facilitate the formation of a new development pattern of higher-quality integration at the national level firstly.

S-粗集和它的一般结构

给出论域U上元素迁移F ,F ,单向奇异集合 ,双向奇异集合的概念 ;利用这些概念 ,提出奇异粗集 ,简称S 粗集 ,给出S 粗集的数学结构 ,S 粗集的存在背景和意义解释 .S 粗集包含两种结构 :单向S 粗集 ,双向S 粗集 ;S 粗集是研究系统动态近似特性 ,知识挖掘 ,知识发现的一个新的理论工具 .

Cs_2SO_4-C_2H_5OH-H_2O三元体系30℃和50℃的平衡溶解度研究

The solubilities of Cs 2 SO 4 -C 2 H 5 OH-H 2 O ternary system at 30℃and 50℃have been studied using microe-quipment for solubility determination.There appears two phases,alcoh olic phase,water phase in the liquid phase.The solubilities of Cs 2 SO 4 in water,C 2 H 5 OH and mixed solvent have been determ ined.The phase diagram indicated that C 2 H 5 OH might be salted out by Cs 2 SO 4 from this system and the equilibrium solid phase is Cs 2 SO 4 .

SOLT校准方法及其在射频测量中的应用

分析了矢量网络分析仪测试系统的误差来源,给出二端口SOLT校准的12项误差模型,由此推导了待测元件的真实S参数,并且详细讲述了SOLT校准件的制作方法,确定出开路件的边缘电容。最后,使用自制的PCB夹具测量了0603封装的电感和电容,对校准前后的测量数据进行了对比、分析,并成功地提取了封装后的模型参数,结果证明该方法可以用于射频夹具测量的校准。

Zn^(2+)-S^(2-)-H_2O系热力学平衡研究

根据配位化学热力学平衡原理,绘制了温度为298.15K时Zn2+-S2--H2O系pC-pH热力学平衡状态图。结果表明:ZnS溶解平衡时,随着pH值的增加,ZnS的溶解度先减少后增加,当pH值为8.36时,ZnS的溶解度最小,为10-7.69mol/L;Zn(OH)2溶解平衡时,随着pH值的增加,Zn(OH)2的溶解度也呈现先减少后增加,当pH值在9.41时Zn(OH)2的溶解度最小,为10-5.61mol/L;体系中ZnS和Zn(OH)2二者固相溶解平衡时,当S2->Zn2(+mol)时,pH在0～14范围内只生成ZnS沉淀,不会产生Zn(OH)(2s)物质。研究结果可为硫化沉淀法去除废水中锌等技术提供理论依据。

一种简单的S参数去嵌入技术

介绍了在低成本夹具上 ,任意微带结构二端口网络S参数去嵌入的方法 ;该方法用于获取放大器模块的S参数 ,根据这些参数设计的C波段的放大器实测结果与仿真一致。

M(Ⅱ)-S-H_2O体系的热力学平衡

根据配位化学热力学平衡原理,绘制了298.15 K时S-H2O系含硫物种的离子分率αn-pH图,以及4种重金属离子(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd)-S-H2O体系的硫化平衡pM-pH图.αn-pH图指出了不同pH值下水溶液中硫的存在形式,当pH>12.5时,溶液中逐渐出现S2-,pH值达到16以上时,溶液中的S主要以S2-的形式存在,其离子分率达到了98.61%.pM-pH图指出了4种重金属硫化物在溶解平衡时,总离子浓度与pH值的关系.pH值分别在7.75、8.87、8.36、9.83时,CuS、PbS、ZnS、CdS的溶解度最小.同时对热力学计算结果进行了实验验证,结果表明:在一定的金属浓度下,pH值分别为8.2、8.7、8.3、10.3时,溶液中金属离子浓度达到最小值,基本符合热力学分析结果.这些热力学研究具有较高的实用价值,为硫化沉淀法处理重金属废水提供了理论依据.

一类2人合作交叉规划的s-最优联合解

提出并研究了一类 2人合作交叉规划问题。引进了具有相同联合值的s 最优联合解 ,它作为 2人合作交叉规划的一种公平解 ,比Nash均衡解要更好 ,并得到了它的若干有关性质 ,证明了可以通过求解一个等价的数学规划问题的最优解来作为交叉规划的s 最优联合解。最后 ,讨论了具有不同联合值的s 最优联合解。 2人合作交叉规划可以广泛用于讨论许多具有或不具有冲突的多人决策问题 ,如生产计划控制、工程、计算机等领域中的网络冲突问题。

平衡硫化体系中的Si69对白炭黑补强NR的影响

研究了双（３－三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基）四硫化物（Ｓｉ６９）的用量对白炭黑补强的天然橡胶（ＮＲ）硫化胶的物理机械性能的影响。发现当Ｓｉ６９与白炭黑的用量比为１３／１００左右时，硫化胶的撕裂强度具有一峰值，其值达１０５ｋＮ／ｍ。用Ｓｉ６９预先处理白炭黑，比将Ｓｉ６９和白炭黑直接加入所制得的ＮＲ混炼胶的表观粘度及Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ平衡转矩较低，使平衡硫化体系（ＥＣ）硫化的ＮＲ具有较高的撕裂强度和拉伸强度。在１４０～１７０℃范围内，随着Ｓｉ６９预先处理白炭黑温度的提高，对白炭黑的改性程度提高，结果使ＥＣ硫化的ＮＲ的拉伸强度、撕裂强度及扯断伸长率逐渐提高。