Correlation Study of Aortic Velocity Propagation, Abdominal Aortic Intima-Media Thickness, and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Patients

Objective:To explore the correlation between epicardial fat thickness(EFT),aortic velocity propagation(AVP),and abdominal aortic intima-media thickness(AA-IMT)in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism(SH).Additionally,to compare these indicators between SH patients and healthy individuals,providing a new theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Method:Clinical data from 50 SH patients(23 males and 27 females)and 50 healthy outpatient examinees(22 males and 28 females)were analyzed.The participants were selected from January 2022 to December 2023 at Loudi Central Hospital.EFT,AVP,and AA-IMT were measured,and their correlations were analyzed.Results:SH patients had significantly higher EFT and AA-IMT levels than the control group,while their AVP was significantly lower,with these differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between EFT and AVP(P<0.001),a significant positive correlation between EFT and AAO-IMT(P<0.001),and a significant negative correlation between AVP and AAO-IMT(P<0.001).Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified increased EFT,decreased AVP,and increased AAO-IMT as independent risk factors for SH patients.Conclusion:In SH patients,EFT and AAO-IMT are elevated,whereas AVP is reduced.EFT and AVP are significantly correlated with AAO-IMT.EFT and AAO-IMT can serve as reliable indicators for evaluating subclinical atherosclerosis in SH patients,providing a diagnostic basis for clinical practice.

Intrinsic Wave Velocity Propagation:A Novel Parameter for Assessing the Effect of Anthracycline Chemotherapy Agents on Cardiac Diastolic Function in Breast Cancer Patients

Objective Anthracycline chemotherapeutic agents have significant cardiotoxicity.The present study emphasized the effect of anthracycline chemotherapy drugs on left ventricular(LV)myocardial stiffness in breast cancer patients by measuring the intrinsic wave velocity propagation(IVP),and evaluating the potential clinical value of IVP in detecting early LV diastolic function impairment.Methods A total of 68 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients,who were treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy,were analyzed.Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at baseline(T0),and after 1,2,3,4 and 8 chemotherapeutic cycles(T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5,respectively).Then,the IVP,LV strain parameters[global longitudinal strain(GLS),longitudinal peak strain rate at systole(LSRs),longitudinal peak strain rate at early diastole(LSRe),longitudinal peak strain rate at late diastole(LSRa),and the E/LSRe ratio],and conventional echocardiographic parameters were obtained and further analyzed.A relative reduction of>15%in GLS was considered a marker of early LV subclinical dysfunction.Results Compared to the T0 stage,IVP significantly increased at the T1 stage.However,there were no significant changes in GLS,LSRs,or LSRe between the T0 and T1 stages.These parameters significantly decreased from the T2 stage.LSRa started to significantly decrease at the T5 stage,and the E/LSRe ratio started to significantly increase at the T3 stage(all P<0.05).At the T0 stage,IVP(AUC=0.752,P<0.001)had a good predictive value for LV subclinical dysfunction after chemotherapy.Conclusions IVP is a potentially sensitive parameter for the early clinical assessment of anthracycline-related cardiac diastolic impairment.

Study on the propagation velocity of internal solitary waves in the Andaman Sea using Terra/Aqua-MODIS remote sensing images

The Andaman Sea has been a classic study region for internal solitary waves(ISWs)for several decades,and extraordinarily large ISWs are characteristic of the Andaman Sea in the Indian Ocean.This paper presents results on the estimation of the propagation velocity of ISWs in the Andaman Sea that were tracked using 195 image pairs acquired by MODIS National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)Terra/Aqua satellites between January 2014 and December 2018.A total of 562 ISWs were identified during the period,and the results of the propagation velocity distribution of ISWs in the Andaman Sea are presented.The estimated propagation velocity of ISWs agrees well with the theoretical results derived from the Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation using monthly climatology stratification data and local bathymetry.The ISW propagation velocity decreases as they propagate from deep to shallow water;the maximum propagation velocity of 3.27 m/s was estimated on the western side of the Nicobar Islands and minimum speed of 0.54 m/s occurred in the shallow water region of the southeastern Andaman Sea.The results show that the ISW propagation characteristics differ in the northern,central,and southern regions of the Andaman Sea.In the northern Andaman Sea,the velocity of ISWs propagating westward was greater than that of ISWs propagating eastward at the same water depth.In the central Andaman Sea,the propagation velocity of the ISWs differed over a small area at a depth of 2500 m,and the velocity of ISWs in the deep mixing layer in winter was higher than that in the shallow mixing layer in spring.Monthly variations in ISW propagation velocity were analyzed in the southern Andaman Sea,and the velocity of ISWs differed greatly in shallow water and was not significantly different in deep water.Water depth and monthly stratification play vital roles in controlling the phase speed of ISWs in the Andaman Sea.This study will provide a basis for the propagation and prediction of ISWs in the Andaman Sea.

Measurement of Turbulence Propagation Velocity Using Doppler Reflectometer on HL-2A Tokamak

O-mode Doppler reflectometer has been successfully developed as an important diagnostic system on HL-2A. It can be used to measure the turbulence propagation in both plasma edge and confinement zone. The Doppler reflectometer system consists of two fixed frequency homodyne receivers： 15 GHz （corresponding to cutoff density of 0.3×10^19 m^-3） and 33 GHz （corresponding to cutoff density of 1.35× 10^19 m^-3）. The Doppler reflectometry principle and the experimental arrangements on HL-2A are presented. Meanwhile, the experimental Doppler reflectometric spectra under different discharge conditions, with and without ECRH, were obtained. Furthermore, the turbulence propagation velocity change and the profile were also observed in different discharge conditions.

Statistical analysis of mesoscale eddy propagation velocity in the South China Sea deep basin

Using mesoscale eddy trajectory product derived from satellite altimetry data from 1993 to 2017,this study analyzes the statistical characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution of mesoscale eddy propagation velocities(C)in the South China Sea(SCS)deep basin with depths>1000 m.Climatologically,the zonal propagation velocities(cx)are westwards in the whole basin,and the meridional velocities(cy)are southwards in the northwestern basin,and northwards in the southeastern basin.The variation of cy with longitude is consistent with that of the background meridional currents with correlation coefficient R2 of 0.96,while the variation of cx is related both to the background zonal currents andβeffect.The propagation velocities characterize significant seasonality with the minimum magnitude occurring in summer and the maximum in winter for cx and C.Interannually,larger values of cx and cy mostly occurred in La Ni?a years in the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO).Mesoscale eddies move fast at the beginning and end of their life span,i.e.,at their growth and dissipation periods,and slowly during their stable"midlife"period.This trend is negatively correlated with the rotating tangential velocity with R2 of–0.93.Eddies with extreme propagation velocities are defined,which are slower(faster)than 1.5 cm/s(15.4 cm/s)and take 1.5%(1.9%)of the total eddies.The extremely slow-moving(fastmoving)eddies tend to appear in the middle(on the edge)of the basin,and mostly occur in summer(winter).The mechanism analysis reveals that the spatiotemporal distributions of the propagation velocities of mesoscale eddies in the SCS are modulated by the basin-scale background circulation.

Propagation velocity measurement for flame of gas explosion in horizontal tube

In coal industry,gas explosion accidents emerge constantly,causing enormous casualties and poorer material property.In the course of studying gas exploding mechanism,the propagation velocity of the flame wave front is one of the most important factors.A set of flame velocity measuring system was designed according to the horizontal pipelined experimental facility of North University of China to study the effects of the quantity and blockage ratio of the circle ring obstacle on the flame propagation velocity in the inclosed tube.The research results show that the obstacle has obviously accelerating effect on the flame wave of gas explosion With the increase of quantity and blockage ratio of the obstacle,the flame accelerating effect becomes more obvious and the flame accelerating persistence is intenser,of which the effect of the quantity of the obstacle on the flame accelerating persistence is larger,but the effect of the blockage ratio of the obstacle on the flame accelerating persistenceis not obvious.

AN EXPERIMENTAL-NUMERICAL METHOD FOR MEASURING CRACK PROPAGATING VELOCITIES UNDER STRESS WAVE LOADING

An experimental-numerical method for measuring dynamic crack propagatingvelocities under stress wave loading is established in this paper. The experiments of thethree-point bend specimen are done on the improved Hopkinson bar. Deflection of loading point,dynamic load and instantaneous crack length are measured, then crack propagating velocities arecalculated. Experiments on 40Cr steel show that the results given by this method have a goodagreement with that obtained by the resistance fracture gage method. Therefore this method isfeasible for measuring crack propagating velocities under high loading rate and will have wideapplication.

Configuration of propagator method for calculation of electron velocity distribution function in gas under crossed electric and magnetic fields

This paper presents a self-contained description on the configuration of propagator method(PM)to calculate the electron velocity distribution function(EVDF) of electron swarms in gases under DC electric and magnetic fields crossed at a right angle. Velocity space is divided into cells with respect to three polar coordinates v,θ and f. The number of electrons in each cell is stored in three-dimensional arrays. The changes of electron velocity due to acceleration by the electric and magnetic fields and scattering by gas molecules are treated as intercellular electron transfers on the basis of the Boltzmann equation and are represented using operators called the propagators or Green’s functions. The collision propagator, assuming isotropic scattering, is basically unchanged from conventional PMs performed under electric fields without magnetic fields. On the other hand, the acceleration propagator is customized for rotational acceleration under the action of the Lorentz force. The acceleration propagator specific to the present cell configuration is analytically derived. The mean electron energy and average electron velocity vector in a model gas and SF6 were derived from the EVDF as a demonstration of the PM under the Hall deflection and they were in a fine agreement with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. A strategy for fast relaxation is discussed, and extension of the PM for the EVDF under AC electric and DC/AC magnetic fields is outlined as well.

Nearfield acoustic holography in a moving medium based on particle velocity input using nonsingular propagator

Nearfield acoustic holography in a moving medium is a technique which is typically suitable for sound sources identification in a flow.In the process of sound field reconstruction,sound pressure is usually used as the input,but it may contain considerable background noise due to the interactions between microphones and flow moving at a high velocity.To avoid this problem,particle velocity is an alternative input,which can be obtained by using laser Doppler velocimetry in a non-intrusive way.However,there is a singular problem in the conventional propagator relating the particle velocity to the pressure,and it could lead to significant errors or even false results.In view of this,in this paper,nonsingular propagators are deduced to realize accurate reconstruction in both cases that the hologram is parallel to and perpendicular to the flow direction.The advantages of the proposed method are analyzed,and simulations are conducted to verify the validation.The results show that the method can overcome the singular problem effectively,and the reconstruction errors are at a low level for different flow velocities,frequencies,and signal-to-noise ratios.

Propagator for a Time-Dependent Damped Harmonic Oscillator with a Force Quadratic in Velocity

The propagator for a time-dependent damped harmonic oscillator with a force quadratic in velocity is obtained by making a specific coordinate transformation and by using the method of time-dependent invariant.

Impulse Creeping Streamer and Propagation Velocity in Vegetable and Mineral Oils with Pressboard Interface

This paper presents an experimental study on the creeping discharge propagating over the pressboard surface in two vegetable oils(PFAE(palm fatty acid ester)oil and CRS(crude rapeseed)oil)and commercial mineral oil under the quasi-square impulse voltage with any pulse width.The pressboard impregnated with the sample oil is immersed completely into the same oil.The tungsten needle electrode is installed in the pressboard surface with and without the counter electrode to generate a creeping discharge.The other side of pressboard has the thin copper rod as a back side electrode.A comparison of the shape and stopping length of positive and negative streamers,discharge current,emitted light signal,and temporal variation and velocity of streamer propagation is reported for all different oil-pressboard interfaces.It has been shown that the behavior of creeping streamers has unique characteristics and polarity effects,and the traveling mode and propagation velocity of streamers are greatly different depending on the type of oil.

Dynamic caustics experimental study on interaction between propagating crack and deformity inclusions in primary structure

The approach combining the dynamic caustics method with high-speed photography technology is used to study the interaction between propagating cracks and three kinds of deformity inclusions（ cylinder inclusion, quadruple inclusion and triangular inclusion） under lowvelocity impact loading. By recording the caustic spots of crack tips at different moments during the crack propagation, the variation regulations of dynamic stress intensity factors（ DSIF） and crack growth velocity with respect to time are obtained. The experimental results showthat the resistance effects to crack growth are varied with different shapes of inclusions in specimens, and the quadruple inclusion＇s effect is more apparent. The distortion degree of caustic spots is affected by the shapes of inclusions as well, and the situation is more serious for cylinder and quadruple inclusions. The overall values of DSIFs of triangular inclusion specimen are greater than the others, and the crack growth velocities, characteristic sizes and DSIFs showprocesses of fluctuations because of the disturbance of reflection waves in specimens. The results provide an experimental basis for the analysis of strength and impact-resistance ability in structures with deformity inclusions.

Velocity structure building and ground motion simulation of the 2014 Ludian Ms 6.5 Earthquake

This study constructs a 3 D velocity structure model of the Ludian region in the Yunnan province, southwestern China, and simulates ground motion propagation of the 2014 Ludian Ms 6.5 earthquake. It aims to construct the local velocity structure of the Ludian region in three dimensions and with high precision. The simulation, using the spectral element method, is validated by field data from the Ludian earthquake records. Thus, it demonstrates that the adopted key parameters, such as the seismic source mechanism, propagation medium and geographical features of the engineering site, are appropriated for the simulation. Meanwhile, the simulation generates the ground motion distribution of the study region with an earthquakeinduced landslide in Ludian earthquake.

Factors other than fibrosis that increase measured shear wave velocity

Shear wave elastography(SWE)is now becoming an indispensable diagnostic tool in the routine examination of liver diseases.In particular,accuracy is required for shear wave propagation velocity measurement,which is directly related to diagnostic accuracy.It is generally accepted that the liver shear wave propagation velocity reflects the degree of fibrosis,but there are still few reports on other factors that increase the shear wave propagation velocity.In this study,we reviewed such factors in the literature and examined their mechanisms.Current SWE measures propagation velocity based on the assumption that the medium has a homogeneous structure,uniform density,and is purely elastic.Otherwise,the measurement is subject to error.The other(confounding)factors that we routinely experience are primarily:(1)Conditions that appear to increase the viscous component;and(2)Conditions that appear to increase tissue density.Clinically,the former includes acute hepatitis,congested liver,biliary obstruction,etc,and the latter includes diffuse infiltration of malignant cells,various storage diseases,tissue necrosis,etc.In any case,it is important to evaluate SWE in the context of the entire clinical picture.

Numerical study of atmospheric-pressure argon plasma jet propagating into ambient nitrogen

A 2D axial symmetry fluid model is applied to study the features of an atmospheric-pressure argon(Ar) plasma jet propagating into ambient nitrogen(N_(2)) driven by a pulsed voltage,emphasizing the influence of gas velocity on the dynamic characteristics of the jet. The results show that the Ar jet exhibits a cylindrical-shaped channel and the jet channel gradually shrinks with the increase in propagation length. The jet propagation velocity varies with time. Inside the dielectric tube, the plasma jet accelerates propagation and reaches its maximum value near the nozzle. Exiting the tube, its velocity quickly decreases and when approaching the metal plane,the decrease in jet velocity slows down. The increase in gas speed results in the variation of jet spatial distribution. The electron density presents a solid structure at lower gas flow speeds,whereas an annular structure can be observed under the higher gas flow velocity in the ionization head. The jet length increases with the flow velocity. However, when the flow velocity exceeds a critical value, the increase in the rate of the plasma jet length slows down. In addition, the gas velocity effect on the generation and transport of the reactive particles is also studied and discussed.

PROPAGATION VELOCITIES OF ELASTIC WAVES IN SATURATED SOILS

Bused on the wave equations established by the authors, the characteristics of propagation velocities of elastic vaves in saturated soils arc analyzed and verified by ultrasonic test in laboratory and seismic survey in the field. The results provide theoretical basis for the determination of physical and mechanical parameters of saturated soils using propagation velocities of elastic waves. especially P-wave Velocity.

单相发汗冷却对脉冲爆震燃烧传播的影响

作为一种先进推进系统,脉冲爆震发动机热端部件的热载荷随着工作频率和飞行马赫数的提高而大幅增加。发汗冷却具有很高的冷却效率和更低的冷却剂消耗,使其成为脉冲爆震发动机燃烧室壁面冷却的理想方案。开展发汗冷却与爆震燃烧耦合研究,是爆震发动机发汗冷却设计的理论基础。为了探索发汗冷却的固体和流体结构对爆震燃烧的影响规律,本文采用实验方法,研究了不同多孔介质结构和单相发汗冷却对充分发展爆震燃烧传播过程的影响。结果表明,爆震波在多孔介质壁面上传播时发生减速,但不会引起爆震波解耦。单相发汗冷却引发爆震燃烧失效的主要原因是冷却剂的稀释作用使得局部当量比低于燃料的可爆极限。当冷却剂注入率超过12.5%时,爆震燃烧解耦。

环境温度对TATB/RDX传爆药起爆及驱动性能的影响

为了获得环境温度对TATB/RDX传爆药起传爆性能及驱动性能的影响特性,采用激光多普勒测速技术及瞬态太赫兹波多普勒干涉测速技术,对TATB/RDX传爆药在隔层起爆条件下的起爆、传播及驱动性能开展实验研究,获取了-45~70℃温度环境中TATB/RDX传爆药的到爆轰距离、爆轰反应区时间宽度、爆轰传播速度及驱动飞片的飞行速度曲线。结果表明:TATB/RDX传爆药的到爆轰距离及爆轰反应区时间宽度随环境温度的降低均近乎呈线性增长趋势;爆轰传播速度随环境温度的降低而逐渐提高;驱动飞片的速度随环境温度的变化特性在飞片主体-层裂层融合前后存在明显不同。

基于DIC及CPG技术的热冷循环后花岗岩Ⅰ型断裂特性

深部储层岩石的热力学特性,尤其是循环热冷作用下损伤破坏特性,对于增强型地热系统井壁稳定性分析及地热开采效率评估具有重要意义。针对中心直裂纹半圆盘(NSCB)花岗岩试样,首先进行不同热冷循环处理(加热温度400℃,最高循环次数13次),然后开展3点弯Ⅰ型断裂韧度特性试验。基于裂纹扩展计(CPG)和数字图像相关(DIC)测试技术,研究了热冷循环作用下花岗岩Ⅰ型断裂韧度、断裂过程区(FPZ)、裂纹扩展速率及断裂轮廓特征的影响规律。试验结果表明:当热冷循环次数达到10次以上,花岗岩试样脆性明显减弱,而峰前软化特性和峰后延性增强;花岗岩的断裂过程区由裂缝尖端开始逐步孕育,断裂过程区长度随荷载增大呈先增大后减小的趋势,Ⅰ型断裂韧度、最大断裂过程区长度及裂纹平均扩展速度随热冷循环次数增大而指数减小,Ⅰ型断裂面随热冷循环次数增大越来越不平整。最后,基于X-ray衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等微观测试技术,研究了热冷循环作用对花岗岩矿物成分及微观结构的影响规律,结果表明花岗岩4种矿物成分的峰值衍射强度及矿物质量分数均随热冷循环次数增大而降低,而微裂纹大小及数量随热冷循环次数增大而增大。热冷循环作用下花岗岩的损伤劣化机理包含了多次高温热损伤、水冷冲击及水弱化等3方面的联合作用结果。

高水压高应力岩石声波时域传播特性试验研究

地下工程岩体普遍处于水压力和地应力环境中,水压力和地应力共同控制着岩石的物理力学特性,研究高水压和高应力对岩石声波传播的影响特性,有利于揭示深部岩体工程开挖时围岩损伤演化、动态力学响应以及水压力和地应力的反演。基于自主研发的高水压高应力岩石声波测试系统,设置多组水压力和轴向静应力等级用于模拟地下水压力和地应力环境,对红砂岩和石灰岩进行声波传播试验。选取岩石声波首波波形,研究岩石声波波速、首波幅值和能量随水压力和轴向静应力的变化关系,构建岩石声学参数的演化经验模型。研究结果表明,当承受的轴向静应力确定时,红砂岩声波波速随水压力的增大呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,2者呈良好高斯函数关系,石灰岩声波波速随水压力的增加先快速升高后缓慢降低。当承受的水压力确定时,2种岩石声波波速随轴向静应力的增大均呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,红砂岩声波波速与轴向静应力呈高斯函数关系,且红砂岩声波波速变化显著,石灰岩变化较小。确定轴向静应力工况下,红砂岩首波幅值和能量随水压力的增加先平缓发展后快速降低,首波幅值与水压力呈指数函数的变化关系;石灰岩首波幅值和能量随水压力的增加先快速增加后平稳发展或略有降低。确定水压力工况下,红砂岩首波幅值和能量随轴向静应力的增加先升高后下降;石灰岩首波幅值和能量随轴向静应力的增大先快速上升后急剧减小。研究成果对深部高水压环境下岩体工程开挖围岩赋存状态表征、应力波传播以及邻近结构的稳定性分析提供理论基础。