Layered kagome compound Na_(2)Ni_(3)S_(4)with topological flat band

We report structural and electronic properties of Na_(2)Ni_(3)S_(4),a quasi-two-dimensional compound composed of alternating layers of[Ni_(3)S_(4)]^(2-)and Na^(+).The compound features a remarkable Ni-based kagome lattice with a square planar configuration of four surrounding S atoms for each Ni atom.Magnetization and electrical measurements reveal a weak paramagnetic insulator with a gap of about 0.5 eV.Our band structure calculation highlights a set of topological flat bands of the kagome lattice derived from the rotated dxz-orbital with C_(3)+T symmetry in the presence of crystal-field splitting.

Observation of flat-band localized state in a one-dimensional diamond momentum lattice of ultracold atoms

We investigated the one-dimensional diamond ladder in the momentum lattice platform. By inducing multiple twoand four-photon Bragg scatterings among specific momentum states, we achieved a flat band system based on the diamond model, precisely controlling the coupling strength and phase between individual lattice sites. Utilizing two lattice sites couplings, we generated a compact localized state associated with the flat band, which remained localized throughout the entire time evolution. We successfully realized the continuous shift of flat bands by adjusting the corresponding nearest neighbor hopping strength, enabling us to observe the complete localization process. This opens avenues for further exploration of more complex properties within flat-band systems, including investigating the robustness of flat-band localized states in disordered flat-band systems and exploring many-body localization in interacting flat-band systems.

Effects of Poria cocos polysaccharide on growth performance,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus

The aquaculture industry has developed significantly over the past few decades and has had a substantial impact on the global food supply and marine fisheries resources.However,some problems arise behind the scenes due to excessive intensive farming,such as slow animal growth,frequent disease,and lipid metabolism disorders.These problems have limited the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry,and a continuable solution is required.The use of fungal polysaccharide appears to provide a solution to these problems.Therefore,different supplemented levels of Poria cocos polysaccharide(PCP)(0,0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6,and 2.0 g/kg,respectively)were fed to spotted sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)in similar size(30.28±0.18 g)in current study.The effects of PCP on growth,physiological parameters,and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass were investigated after a 4-week rearing period.Results showed,fish with PCP intake presented a significantly higher weight gain,specific growth rate,and a significantly lower feed conversion ratio.Significantly higher trypsin activity in liver and intestine were observed in fish with PCP intake.The superoxide dismutase activity in serum and liver of fish with PCP intake were significantly improved,while significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity and hepatic catalase activity were also observed.However,no significant differences in lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activity were evident among groups.Fish with PCP intake showed a significantly lower total cholesterol,but no noteworthy change in triglyceride and lipid-metabolismrelated genes expression were observed among groups.Results indicated that intake of PCP has a positive effect on growth and antioxidant capacity of spotted sea bass,but seems to have a limited effect on the non-specific immunity and lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass.Based on the regression analysis results,1.4 g/kg of PCP is the optimal dose for spotted sea bass in size(30.28±0.18 g).

A More Accurate Determination of the Magnitude of Cosmic Inflation in the Big Bang Model

According to our hypothesis, at the very beginning of the Big Bang, a hyperenergetic spherical wave was created. We described its characteristics in our previous work, and the present work is based on them. Logically, we saw that in cosmic inflation the frequency of such a wave would decrease sharply. Based on the temperature that prevailed immediately after inflation according to the hot Big Bang model, we determined a measure of the size of the inflation in this model, in accordance with our hypothesis.

Development and Quality Improvement of Lianqingshan Scenic Spot in Tengzhou City

Since the 21st century,China’s overall national strength has increased continuously.With the rapid development of the tourism industry,people have an increasingly strong demand for travel.Firstly,tourists’satisfaction to Lianqingshan Scenic Spot was surveyed,and then the types of tourism resources,current development situation and problems in the scenic spot were analyzed.Finally,some countermeasures and suggestions for its development and quality improvement were put forward.It is found that based on the environmental quality,safety and service quality of Lianqingshan Scenic Spot,the basic situation of the development of the scenic spot was investigated,and the comprehensive satisfaction of each item is 3.30,3.24 and 3.32.The tourists of the scenic spot is mainly from Tengzhou City and its surrounding cities,and the popularity of the scenic spot is relatively low.The management personnel of the scenic spot needs to increase the tourist flow by improving its exposure.The problems of the scenic spot include low popularity,poor environmental quality,low safety of tourists,poor operating condition of catering industry and service quality of service personnel.

Overexpression of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid gene MdIAA24 enhances Glomerella leaf spot resistance in apple(Malus domestica)

Auxin is throughout the entire life process of plants and is involved in the crosstalk with other hormones,yet its role in apple disease resistance remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the function of auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)gene Md IAA24 overexpression in enhancing apple resistance to Glomerella leaf spot(GLS)caused by Colletotrichum fructicola(Cf).Analysis revealed that,upon Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants exhibited enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activity,as well as a greater amount of glutathione(reduced form)and ascorbic acid accumulation,resulting in less H_(2)O_(2)and superoxide anion(O_(2)^(-))in apple leaves.Furthermore,35S::Md IAA24 plants produced more protocatechuic acid,proanthocyanidins B1,proanthocyanidins B2 and chlorogenic acid when infected with Cf.Following Cf infection,35S::Md IAA24 plants presented lower levels of IAA and jasmonic acid(JA),but higher levels of salicylic acid(SA),along with the expression of related genes.The overexpression of Md IAA24 was observed to enhance the activity of chitinase andβ-1,3-glucanase in Cfinfected leaves.The results indicated the ability of Md IAA24 to regulate the crosstalk between IAA,JA and SA,and to improve reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging and defense-related enzymes activity.This jointly contributed to GLS resistance in apple.

Changes of coastline and tidal flat and its implication for ecological protection under human activities: Take China’s Bohai Bay as an example

The change processes and trends of shoreline and tidal flat forced by human activities are essential issues for the sustainability of coastal area,which is also of great significance for understanding coastal ecological environment changes and even global changes.Based on field measurements,combined with Linear Regression(LR)model and Inverse Distance Weighing(IDW)method,this paper presents detailed analysis on the change history and trend of the shoreline and tidal flat in Bohai Bay.The shoreline faces a high erosion chance under the action of natural factors,while the tidal flat faces a different erosion and deposition patterns in Bohai Bay due to the impact of human activities.The implication of change rule for ecological protection and recovery is also discussed.Measures should be taken to protect the coastal ecological environment.The models used in this paper show a high correlation coefficient between observed and modeling data,which means that this method can be used to predict the changing trend of shoreline and tidal flat.The research results of present study can provide scientific supports for future coastal protection and management.

Genomic Selection for Frogeye Leaf Spot Resistance in Soybean

Soybean frogeye leaf spot(FLS) disease is a global disease affecting soybean yield, especially in the soybean growing area of Heilongjiang Province. In order to realize genomic selection breeding for FLS resistance of soybean, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) regression and stepwise regression were combined, and a genomic selection model was established for 40 002 SNP markers covering soybean genome and relative lesion area of soybean FLS. As a result, 68 molecular markers controlling soybean FLS were detected accurately, and the phenotypic contribution rate of these markers reached 82.45%. In this study, a model was established, which could be used directly to evaluate the resistance of soybean FLS and to select excellent offspring. This research method could also provide ideas and methods for other plants to breeding in disease resistance.

How the Flat Space Cosmology Model Correlates the Recombination CMB Temperature of 3000 K with a Redshift of 1100

This paper shows how the Flat Space Cosmology model correlates the recom-bination epoch CMB temperature of 3000 K with a cosmological redshift of 1100. This proof is given in support of the recent publication that the Tatum and Seshavatharam Hubble temperature formulae can be derived using the Stephan-Boltzmann dispersion law. Thus, as explained herein, the era of high precision Planck scale quantum cosmology has arrived.

Product Development of High Strength and Toughness Spring Flat Steel

With the continuous development of mechanical industry,higher requirements are put forward for the comprehensive properties of spring steel.The chemical composition and production process of spring flat steel are designed to meet the requirements of high strength and high toughness of spring flat steel,through the test,the product surface quality and internal quality all meet the national standards,the performance indicators to meet user requirements.

单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值联合T-SPOT.TB检测在涂阴肺结核诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值(MLR)联合结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)检测在涂阴肺结核诊断中的应用价值。方法:选取2021年9月—2023年9月孝感市中心医院收治的疑似肺结核患者329例作为研究对象,均行MLR、T-SPOT.TB检测。统计涂阴肺结核的检出情况,以综合诊断结果为“金标准”,将受试者分为结核组与非结核组,比较两组单核细胞、淋巴细胞、MLR;绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线,计算MLR诊断涂阴肺结核的最佳临界值;分析MLR、T-SPOT.TB检测及两者联合检测的诊断效能。结果:329例受试者综合诊断结果显示,涂阴肺结核患者157例。结核组单核细胞、MLR高于非结核组,淋巴细胞低于非结核组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,MLR诊断涂阴肺结核的ROC曲线下总面积为0.78,最佳临界值为0.30。MLR检测诊断涂阴肺结核的准确度、特异度、阳性预测值高于T-SPOT.TB检测、联合检测,联合检测诊断涂阴肺结核的灵敏度高于MLR检测、T-SPOT.TB检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同检测方式诊断涂阴肺结核的阴性预测值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:MLR联合T-SPOT.TB检测对涂阴肺结核具有良好的辅助诊断作用,其中MLR检测的诊断准确度、特异度、阳性预测值较高,联合检测能够提高诊断灵敏度。

通过教学反思促进教师专业发展——美国大学STEM课堂观察工具SPOT研究及启示

SPOT(Student Participation Observation Tool)是美国加利福利亚州的圣何塞州立大学发布的大学STEM课堂观察工具,用于评价大学STEM课堂上教师促进学生主动学习的教学行为及其质量。为了验证该观察工具的有效性,工具开发者针对五所大学的STEM课堂举办了一个系列的研讨会,结果显示:SPOT可以促使教师反思他们的教学方法和课堂上的学生活动,而不是课程内容或课程组织形式,教师能够使用SPOT观察课堂教学并获得可靠的数据,以反思和改变他们的课堂实践,进而实现自身的专业发展。基于对SPOT的阐释与研究,我国大学教学尤其要从如何促进教师专业发展的角度,关注师生的课堂参与行为,促进教师的教学反思。

腺苷脱氨酶及其联合外周血T-SPOT.TB对儿童结核性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的意义

目的探讨胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)与外周血结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)联合检测对于儿童结核性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的意义。方法回顾性分析河北省儿童医院139例因胸腔积液入院患儿资料,根据最终诊断分为结核性胸腔积液组(结核组)66例与肺炎旁胸腔积液组(肺炎组)73例。应用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析ADA及T-SPOT.TB对结核组与肺炎组及不同年龄亚组(0~<6岁组55例、6~<11岁组56例、11~<16岁组28例)的灵敏度、特异度及曲线下面积(AUC)等,根据约登指数确定儿童结核性胸腔积液ADA最佳临界值。结果患儿胸腔积液ADA水平结核组[49.50(19.50)U/L]显著高于肺炎组[38.00(35.50)U/L],差异有统计学意义(P=0.002);0~<6岁及6~<11岁患儿ADA水平结核组与肺炎组[47.50(14.75)U/L与41.00(43.00)U/L,50.00(23.00)U/L与44.00(28.50)U/L]相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),11~<16岁结核组[58.00(19.00)U/L]显著高于肺炎组[22.00(21.50)U/L],差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。总体患儿、0~<6岁、6~<11岁及11~<16岁组ADA最佳临界值分别为38.5、24.5、38.5及43.0,AUC为0.655、0.566、0.630及0.844,灵敏度为83.3%、100.0%、87.0%及80.0%,特异度为50.7%、37.0%、39.4%及84.6%。ADA与T-SPOT.TB并联试验时,各组灵敏度为98.5%、100%、100%及100%;特异度分别为49.3%、37%、36.4%及84.6%;AUC分别为0.739、0.685、0.682及0.923。串联试验时,灵敏度分别为81.8%、92.9%、87%及80%;特异度分别为93.2%、96.3%、90.9%及92.3%;AUC分别为0.875、0.946、0.889及0.862。结论ADA对11岁以上患儿鉴别诊断结核性胸腔积液与肺炎旁胸腔积液具有一定价值,其联合外周血T-SPOT.TB可显著提高11岁以下患儿的诊断效能,具有临床意义。

SPOT屈光筛查仪在6岁以下儿童视力筛查的转诊标准研究

目的:基于2021版美国斜视与小儿眼科协会(AAPOS)《儿童视力筛查指南》,修订SPOT屈光筛查仪在6岁以下儿童的转诊标准,并评估其准确性。方法:纳入2022-01/2023-04在南京市雨花台区妇幼保健所就诊的儿童,进行SPOT屈光筛查仪、睫状肌麻痹检影验光等检查,并根据AAPOS指南定义具有弱视危险因素(ARFs)及有临床意义屈光不正(VSRE)的目标人群。使用受试者工作曲线计算最佳转诊标准,并与厂商标准、吴标准、Peterseim标准进行对比。结果:共有959名儿童接受检查,其中<4岁组342人,≥4岁组617人。<4岁组的最佳转诊标准为:近视≤-2.75D、远视≥+2.25D、散光≤-2.75D、屈光参差≥1.00D;≥4岁组为近视≤-1.75D、远视≥+2.00D、散光≤-2.25D、屈光参差≥1.00D;其约登指数分别为0.38与0.52,均高于其他标准。结论:采用新的6岁以下儿童屈光筛查转诊标准,其准确性较高,优于既往其他标准,能为儿童眼保健工作提供有益参考。

An insight on the mechanism of efficient leaching of vanadium from vanadium shale induced by microwave-generated hot spots

Microwave heating can rapidly and uniformly raise the temperature and accelerate the reaction rate.In this paper,microwave heating was used to improve the acid leaching,and the mechanism was investigated via microscopic morphology analysis and numerical simulation by COMSOL Multiphysics software.The effects of the microwave power,leaching temperature,CaF_(2) dosage,H_(2)SO_(4) concentration,and leaching time on the vanadium recovery were investigated.A vanadium recovery of 80.66%is obtained at a microwave power of 550 W,leaching temperature of 95℃,CaF_(2) dosage of 5wt%,H_(2)SO_(4) concentration of 20vol%,and leaching time of 2.5 h.Compared with conventional leaching technology,the vanadium recovery increases by 6.18%,and the leaching time shortens by 79.17%.More obvious pulverization of shale particles and delamination of mica minerals happen in the microwave-assisted leaching process.Numerical simulation results show that the temperature of vanadium shales increases with an increase in electric field(E-field).The distributions of E-field and temperature among vanadium shale particles are relatively uniform,except for the higher content at the contact position of the particles.The analysis results of scaleup experiments and leaching experiments indicate high-temperature hot spots in the process of microwave-assisted leaching,and the local high temperature destroys the mineral structure and accelerates the reaction rate.

Differential flatness-based distributed control of underactuated robot swarms

This paper proposes a distributed control method based on the differential flatness(DF) property of robot swarms. The swarm DF mapping is established for underactuated differentially flat dynamics, according to the control objective. The DF mapping refers to the fact that the system state and input of each robot can be derived algebraically from the flat outputs of the leaders and the cooperative errors and their finite order derivatives. Based on the proposed swarm DF mapping, a distributed controller is designed. The distributed implementation of swarm DF mapping is achieved through observer design. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through a numerical simulation of quadrotor swarm synchronization.

Morphodynamic signatures derived from daily surface elevation dynamics can explain the morphodynamic development of tidal flats

Understanding the sensitivity of tidal flats to environmental changes is challenging.Currently,most studies rely on process-based models to systematically explain the morphodynamic evolution of tidal flats.In this study,we proposed an alternative empirical approach to explore tidal flat dynamics using statistical indices based on long-term time series of daily surface elevation development.Surface elevation dynamic(SED)indices focus on the magnitude and period of surface elevation changes,while morphodynamic signature(MDS)indices relate sediment dynamics to environmental drivers.The statistical analyses were applied to an intervention site in the Netherlands to determine the effect of recently constructed groynes on the tidal flat.Using these analyses,we were able to(1)detect a reduction in the daily SED and(2)determine that the changes in the daily SED were predominantly caused by the reduction in wave impact between the groynes rather than the reduction in tidal currents.Overall,the presented results showed that the combination of novel statistical indices provides new insights into the trajectories of tidal flats,ecosystem functioning,and sensitivity to physical drivers(wind and tides).Finally,we suggested how the SED and MDS indices may help to explore the future trajectories and climate resilience of intertidal habitats.

Genome-wide identification of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases in pear and their functional analysis in response to black spot

The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is crucial to plant growth,development,and stress responses.MAPK kinases(MAPKK)play a vital role in linking upstream MAPKK kinases(MAPKKK)with the downstream MAPK.Black spot is one of the most serious fungal diseases of pear which is an important part of the fruit industry in China.The MAPKK genes have been identified in many plants,however,none has been reported in pear(Pyrus bretschneideri).In order to explore whether MAPK gene of pear is related to black spot disease,we designed this experiment.The present study investigated eight putative PbrMAPKK genes obtained from the Chinese white pear genome.The phylogenetic analysis revealed that PbrMAPKK genes were divided into A,B,C,and D groups.These PbrMAPKK genes are randomly distributed on 7 out of 17 chromosomes and mainly originated from the whole-genome duplication(WGD)event.The expression analysis of PbrMAPKK genes in seven pear tissues and the leaves of susceptible and resistant varieties after Alternaria alternata infection by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)identified seven candidate genes associated with resistance.Furthermore,virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)indicated that PbrMAPKK6 gene enhanced resistance to pear black spot disease in pear.

Flat soliton microcomb source

Mode-locked microcombs with flat spectral profiles provide the high signal-to-noise ratio and are in high demand for wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)-based applications,particularly in future high-capacity communication and parallel optical computing.Here,we present two solutions to generate local relatively flat spectral profiles.One microcavity with ultra-flat integrated dispersion is pumped to generate one relatively flat single soliton source spanning over 150 nm.Besides,one extraordinary soliton crystal with single vacancy demonstrates the local relatively flat microcomb lines when the inner soliton spacings are slightly irregular.Our work paves a new way for soliton-based applications owing to the relatively flat spectral characteristics.

Integrative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome reveals the response mechanism to tomato spotted wilt virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)is an important virus that has rapidly spread throughout the world.TSWV seriously hinders the production of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and other plants.In order to discover more new genes and metabolites related to TSWV resistance in tomato plants,the genes and metabolites related to the resistance of tomato plants inoculated with TSWV were identified and studied herein.The tomato TSWV-resistance line YNAU335(335)and TSWV-susceptible lines NO5 and 96172I(961)were used as the transcriptome and metabolome research materials.Transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques were used to analyze the gene and metabolite response mechanisms to TSWV inoculation.A total of 3566,2951,and 2674 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and961,respectively.Meanwhile,208,228,and 273 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and 961,respectively.In line 335,the number of DEGs was the highest,but the number of DAMs was lowest.Furthermore,903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were common to the response to TSWV in the three inbred lines.The 903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were mainly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid synthesis pathways.In addition,many nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat genes and transcription factors were found that might be involved in the TSWV response.These results provide new insights into TSWV resistance mechanisms.