Ⅰ. Exchange Rates Excharge rates are the rates at which currency conversion takes place. They themselves tell us nothing about the relative strength of the currencies involved or economics behind them, It simply refl...Ⅰ. Exchange Rates Excharge rates are the rates at which currency conversion takes place. They themselves tell us nothing about the relative strength of the currencies involved or economics behind them, It simply reflects the difference between the denominations into which the two countries have chosen to divide their respective currencies. A currency is considered externally weak if the government is having difficulty maintaining the predetermined exchange rates under展开更多
Increasing bandwidth requirements have posed significant challenges for traditional access networks.It is difficult for intensity modulation/direct detection to meet the power budget and flexibility requirements of th...Increasing bandwidth requirements have posed significant challenges for traditional access networks.It is difficult for intensity modulation/direct detection to meet the power budget and flexibility requirements of the next-generation passive optical network(PON)at 100G and beyond considering the new requirements.This is driving researchers to develop novel optical access technologies.Low-cost,wide-coverage,and high-flexibility coherent PON is emerging as a strong contender in the competition.In this article,we will review technologies that reduce the complexity of coherent PON(CPON),enabling it to meet the commercial requirements.Also,advanced algorithms and architectures that can enhance system coverage and flexibility are also discussed.展开更多
文摘Ⅰ. Exchange Rates Excharge rates are the rates at which currency conversion takes place. They themselves tell us nothing about the relative strength of the currencies involved or economics behind them, It simply reflects the difference between the denominations into which the two countries have chosen to divide their respective currencies. A currency is considered externally weak if the government is having difficulty maintaining the predetermined exchange rates under
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB2905700)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62171137,62235005,and 61925104)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.21ZR1408700)。
文摘Increasing bandwidth requirements have posed significant challenges for traditional access networks.It is difficult for intensity modulation/direct detection to meet the power budget and flexibility requirements of the next-generation passive optical network(PON)at 100G and beyond considering the new requirements.This is driving researchers to develop novel optical access technologies.Low-cost,wide-coverage,and high-flexibility coherent PON is emerging as a strong contender in the competition.In this article,we will review technologies that reduce the complexity of coherent PON(CPON),enabling it to meet the commercial requirements.Also,advanced algorithms and architectures that can enhance system coverage and flexibility are also discussed.
