Practical Survey on Design and Testing of Flight Control Laws for Helicopter Engineering Simulators

A practical survey on engineering implementation of flight control laws on helicopter engineering simulators is proposed.Advances of helicopter engineering simulators are introduced.Practical flight control technologies are reviewed,with an emphasis on discussing the corresponding engineering simulation programs.Finally,the difficulties of implementing advanced control technologies are addressed,and the future development of helicopter engineering simulators are highlighted.

Three-axis coupled flight control law design forflying wing aircraft using eigenstructure assignment method

Due to elimination of horizontal and vertical tails,flying wing aircraft has poor longitudinal and directional dynamic characteristics.In addition,flying wing aircraft uses drag rudders for yaw control,which tends to generate strong three-axis control coupling.To overcome these problems,a flight control law design method that couples the longitudinal axis with the lateraldirectional axes is proposed.First,the three-axis coupled control augmentation structure is specified.In the structure,a‘‘soft/hard"cross-connection method is developed for three-axis dynamic decoupling and longitudinal control response decoupling from the drag rudders;maneuvering turn angular rate estimation and subtraction are used in the yaw axis to improve the directional damping.Besides,feedforward control is adopted to improve the maneuverability and control decoupling performance.Then,detailed design methods for feedback and feedforward control parameters are established using eigenstructure assignment and model following technique.Finally,the proposed design method is evaluated and compared with conventional method by numeric simulations.The influences of control derivatives variation of drag rudders on the method are also analyzed.It is demonstrated that the method can effectively improve the dynamic characteristics of flying wing aircraft,especially the directional damping characteristics,and decouple the longitudinal responses from the drag rudders.

APPLICATION OF DIRECT BTT GUIDANCE LAW BASED ON NONLINEAR INVERSE SYSTEM THEORY TO INTEGRATED FIRE／FLIGHT SYSTEMS（IFFS）

To counter BTT guidance mode, new relative motion equations of the targetaircraft and the attack aircraft are proposed. The inverse system theory of the nonlinearcontrol is used, and the direct BTT-180 guidance command is solved, which can operatethe attack aircraft to automatically complete the flight mission of the preceding stage ofthe terminal weapon delivery, and thus the automatic attack is extended from the stage ofthe terminal weapon delivery to the preceding stage of the terminal weapon delivery.

神经网络架构轻量化搜索的飞行器控制律自学习方法

针对在运用Soft actor-critic(SAC)强化学习算法实现复杂的飞行器控制律自学习过程中,超参数设定高度依赖于人工经验进而造成设计难度大的问题,提出一种基于神经网络架构轻量化搜索策略的飞行器控制律自学习方法。该方法在将神经网络架构设计问题转化为图拓扑生成问题的基础上,结合LSTM循环神经网络的图拓扑生成算法、基于权重共享的深度强化学习参数轻量化训练与评估机制,以及基于策略梯度的图拓扑生成器参数学习算法,给出了一种面向深度强化学习的轻量化自动搜索框架,实现了SAC训练算法中神经网络架构超参数的自动优化,进而完成了控制律的自学习。以三维空间返回着陆控制为例,验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。

Novel robust control framework for morphing aircraft

This paper develops a robust control methodology for a class of morphing aircraft,which is called innovative control effector（ICE） aircraft.For the ICE morphing aircraft,the distributed arrays of hundreds of shape-change devices are employed to stabilize and maneuver the air vehicle.Because the morphing aircraft have the inherent uncertainty and varying dynamics due to the alteration of their configuration,a desired control performance can not be satisfied with a fixed feedback controller.Therefore,a novel control framework including an adaptive flight control law and an adaptive allocation algorithm is proposed.Firstly,a state feedback adaptive control law is designed to guarantee closed-loop stability and state tracking in the presence of uncertain dynamics caused by the wing shape change due to different flight missions.In the control allocation,many distributed arrays are managed in an optimal way to improve the robustness of the system.The scheme is used to an uncertain morphing aircraft model,and the simulation results demonstrate their performance.

中型无人直升机向心回转机动飞行控制律设计

向心回转是直升机的一个标准机动飞行科目,其可以综合检验直升机各通道的控制性能。针对中型无人直升机向心回转机动中姿态控制和速度控制的问题,提出一种增强飞行过程中稳定性和快速性的控制律设计方法。首先,根据ADS-3E-PRF,设计了向心回转机动的控制指令。随后,在内外环串联的通道控制结构基础上,通过推导得出直升机滑模控制律,从而设计姿态内回路的滑模控制器,对比PID控制器得到了更好的姿态增稳效果和更快的响应速度。最后,通过半物理仿真系统的仿真实验,结合向心回转机动的指标,验证了所设计的方法能有效完成向心回转机动,并达到了满意的标准。

时变状态约束下四旋翼无人机轨迹跟踪控制

针对外界扰动、模型不确定性以及时变状态约束情况下的四旋翼无人机轨迹跟踪控制问题,设计了基于神经网络的自适应动态面控制方案。首先通过非线性变换将四旋翼无人机位置约束问题转换为新状态量的有界问题,采用神经网络对系统中的不确定项进行估计,在此基础上分别设计了位置和姿态自适应动态面控制率,并给出了该控制系统稳定性证明。最后设计了仿真试验,分别采用PD控制方法以及动态面控制方法与所设计的自适应动态面控制方法进行对比,结果验证了所设计控制方案的有效性和优越性。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制方案能够保证四旋翼无人机对期望位姿的稳定跟踪,无人机位置状态始终处于期望的时变约束范围之内。且相较于动态面控制方法,该控制方案对外界扰动、模型不确定性具有更好的抑制效果。

飞行速度可调导弹三维制导律研究

为获得更好的制导性能,针对一类采用流量可调发动机的导弹,利用其所增加的飞行速度控制自由度,提出一种三维空间下比例导引+飞行速度控制的双重控制滑模制导律;以比例导引作为基础,在对二维、三维零控脱靶量分析的基础上,以零控脱靶量为跟踪目标选取合适的滑模面,并进一步使用辅助滑模面和有限时间超螺旋干扰观测器对滑模面中的不确定项进行估计,推导了减少脱靶量的速度控制制导律;仿真结果表明,相比于经典的比例导引,在考虑空气阻力的场景下,所设计的制导律脱靶量更小,弹道更平滑,滑模面收敛情况理想,实现了导弹飞行速度的主动控制。

Adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control for robotic airship with model uncertainty and external disturbance

An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control （AFSMC） ap- proach is proposed for a robotic airship. First, the mathematical model of an airship is derived in the form of a nonlinear control system. Second, an AFSMC approach is proposed to design the attitude control system of airship, and the global stability of the closed-loop system is proved by using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control approach in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances.

A CFD-based numerical virtual flight simulator and its application in control law design of a maneuverable missile model

A CFD-based Numerical Virtual Flight(NVF)simulator is presented,which integrates an unsteady flow solver on moving hybrid grids,a Rigid-Body Dynamics(RBD)solver and a module of the Flight Control System(FCS).A technique of dynamic hybrid grids is developed to control the active control surfaces with body morphing,with a technique of parallel unstructured dynamic overlapping grids generating proper moving grids over the deflecting control surfaces(e.g.the afterbody rudders of a missile).For the flow/kinematic coupled problems,the 6 Degree-Of-Freedom(DOF)equations are solved by an explicit or implicit method coupled with the URANS CFD solver.The module of the control law is explicitly coupled into the NVF simulator and then improved by the simulation of the pitching maneuver process of a maneuverable missile model.A nonlinear dynamic inversion method is then implemented to design the control law for the pitching process of the maneuverable missile model.Simulations and analysis of the pitching maneuver process are carried out by the NVF simulator to improve the flight control law.Higher control response performance is obtained by adjusting the gain factors and adding an integrator into the control loop.

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent “explosion of terms”. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.

基于试飞分析的直升机动力系统边界保护控制方法

涡轴发动机作为直升机等旋翼飞行器动力系统的主要部件,一旦发动机关键参数超限,一般采用降低燃油量及功率的方法进行限制,会暂时降低动力涡轮转速,使其低于正常额定状态约4%~6%。若未及时脱离超限状态,可导致动力涡轮转速继续降低,威胁飞行安全。为解决上述问题,基于对某型直升机从现象到数据的试飞分析,提出一种控制方法,通过设计总距控制律,在发参超限状态下实现动力系统边界保护控制,若未及时脱离超限状态,则自动改出,恢复动力系统正常控制,大幅增强了直升机动力系统控制的鲁棒性及飞行的安全性。通过动力系统建模,并对控制律进行仿真,验证了所提方法的正确性。

基于Matlab辅助无人机飞行控制律设计

飞行控制律直接决定着无人机的飞行品质和飞行性能,在无人机系统工程设计过程中飞行控制律设计是必不可少且至关重要的一环。文章结合无人机工程设计经验,系统性讲述通过Matlab软件辅助无人机飞行控制律设计的过程,涉及从对象建模至控制系统参数选择,且提供了设计实例演示。

基于迎角和法向过载反馈的纵向控制律设计

提出了一种基于迎角和法向过载反馈的纵向控制律设计方法,运用该方法以某型飞机为平台进行了控制律设计,并进行了飞行品质计算分析,计算结果满足相关要求。

无人机飞行控制系统纵向控制律设计及仿真

文中主要是根据建立的飞机小扰动线性化方程,利用经典控制理论中的根轨迹法,分析设计了某无人机飞行控制系统中纵向运动的两个通道:俯仰通道和高度通道的控制律,并利用Matlab进行了数字仿真,给出了仿真结果。

基于Simulink/Stateflow的无人机多模态飞行控制律仿真

为了验证无人机多模态飞行控制律设计的正确性,采用Simulink/Stateflow建模仿真方法;以某小型无人机为研究对象,首先在小扰动线性化模型基础上,设计了纵向和侧向多模态控制系统结构,并给出了相应的控制律,然后根据传统的频域和根轨迹的方法确定了各个控制器参数,最后通过Simulink/Stateflow完成整个飞行剖面的仿真,结果表明该方法能直观简洁地实现多模态之间切换的控制逻辑,模态控制误差均满足国军标要求,验证了所设计的多模态控制系统的正确性。

基于差分进化算法的飞行控制律评估

针对传统文化算法进化后期收敛速度慢和差分进化算法在进化过程中缺乏对知识有效利用的问题,提出一种新的文化差分进化算法.该算法以文化算法为框架,将差分进化算法的变异、交叉和选择作为种群空间的进化操作,并通过信念空间的知识指导种群进化.根据飞行品质规范选取迎角响应限制准则,以飞机模型ADMIRE为研究对象,利用该算法对存在不确定条件下的飞行控制律进行非线性评估,克服传统网格评估方法在工程应用中的不足.仿真结果表明,与改进差分进化算法相比,文化差分进化算法在全飞行包线范围内找出最坏的不确定参数组合,具有更高的可靠性和效率.

现代飞行控制律评估与确认先进方法研究

针对系统中广泛存在的不确定性,在分析了现代鲁棒飞行控制律设计的基础上,进行先进评估与确认技术方法研究。针对目前方法的不足,结合国外一些研究成果,重点对控制律评估与确认技术进行了系统的研究和论述,提出了进行现代飞行控制律评估与确认的内容、步骤及适用的方法和评价准则,对我国在此领域的研究具有积极的意义。

基于Stateflow的多模态飞行仿真研究

为了验证非线性飞机模型下飞行制导系统和多模态飞行控制律设计的正确性,提出了基于Stateflow的多模态飞行仿真验证方法。首先建立了飞行仿真系统结构框架和飞机六自由度非线性数学模型,并进行控制律设计,通过预定航路点信息和飞机模型解算的飞行参数实时获得制导信息,采用Stateflow完成典型飞行模态之间的逻辑切换,实现了预定航迹多模态的飞行仿真。实验结果表明,系统结构易于扩充和移植,该方法可以有效地验证飞行制导系统和控制律设计的正确性。

飞行控制律开发中的不确定性及评估确认方法

工程上飞行控制律一般基于传统的经典控制理论设计,而且缺乏不确定性存在情况下对控制律性能的系统考查,逐渐不能适应现代飞行控制系统的发展。针对现代飞行控制系统中广泛存在的不确定性,进行控制律评估与确认技术方法研究,提出了进行现代飞行控制律评估与确认的内容、步骤、适用的先进评估方法和评价准则,并且构建了相应的可视化、自动迭代仿真环境。对我国在此领域的研究具有积极的意义。