Relationship Between Hyperspectral Parameters and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves

The experiment was set up for examining the physiological and biological indexes quickly and exactly, for obtaining information of tobacco-field fertilizing and tobacco growing. The ASD Field spec FR 2500 was used to measure spectra reflectance of flue-cured tobacco and the relationship between hyperspectral parameters and biochemical contents （total nitrogen, chlorophyll, carotenoid）, and physiological indexes （fresh weight, dry weight, moisture content） of flue-cured tobacco leaves was studied by correlation and stepwise regression statistic methods at different nitrogen and potassium levels. The results indicated that the spectra curves of different treatments had obvious rules and great diversities. There were high correlations between different types of spectra parameters and ten physiological and biochemical indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Hyperspectral characteristic variables of ten physiological and biochemical indexes were found through stepwise regression, and SDr/SDb was the characteristic variable closest to seven biochemical contents. Simultaneously, the R2 and regression coefficient of equations reached 0.05 significant level and the equations had good estimating effects through the examination of other samples. Accordingly, this study suggested that the ten physiological and biochemical indexes could be estimated quickly by the estimating models, at the same time nitrogen-potassium fertilization and growth condition of flue-cured tobacco could be inspected.

Effects of Different Flue-curing Technologies on Submicroscopic Structure of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

[ Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of low-temperature low-humidity tobacco flue-curing technology, moderate-temperature moderate- humidity tobacco flue-curing technology and moderate-temperature high-humidity tobacco flue-curing technology on submicroscopic structure of flue-cured tobacco leaves to provide theoretical basis for tobacco flue-curing. [ Method] Middle leaves of tobacco cuhivar K326 were collected in Pengshui County of Chongqing City for flue-curing experiment using three flue-curing technologies. Leaf samples were collected regularly in the flue-curing process, to investigate the submicroscopic structure of flue-cured tobacco leaves. [ Result] Morphology changes and structural rupture of chloroplasts occurred at different time during three flue-curing proces- ses. In low-temperature low-humidity flue-curing process, morphology changes and structural rupture of chloroplasts occurred late but rapidly; in moderate-tempera- ture moderate-humidity flue-curing process and moderate-temperature high-humidity flue-curing process, morphology changes and structural rupture of chloroplasts occurred early but slowly. Among these three flue-curing processes, the speed of changes in mitochondria morphology, cristae number and membrane rupture pres- ented an upward order of low-temperature low-humidity flue-curing process 〈 moderate-temperature high-humidity flue-curlng process 〈 moderate-temperature moderate-humidity flue-curing process. In low-temperature low-humldity flue-curing process, starch granules in chloroplasts ruptured after flue-curing for 36 -48 h ; in moderate-temperature moderate-humidity flue-curing process, starch granules in chloroplasts ruptured after flue-curing for 24 - 36 h; in moderate-temperature high-humidity flue-curing process, starch granules in chloroplasts ruptured after flue-curing for 12 - 24 h. [ Conclusion ] Using low-temperature low-humidity flue- curing technology could prolong the maintenance duration of the submicroscopic structure integrity of flue-cured tobacco leaves, which was conducive to fully decom- posing and transforming substances in tobacco leaves and obtaining high-quality flue-cured tobacco leaves.

Effects of Different Flue-curing Technologies on Microscopic Structure of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

[Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of Chinese quality-improving fragrunce-increasing tobacco flue-curing technology, Chinese three- stage tobaeeo flue-curing technology and Zimbabwean tobaceo flue-euring technology on microscopie structure of flue-cured tobacco leaves to provide theoretical basis for tobacco flue-curing. [ Method ] Middle leaves of tobacco cultivar K326 were collected in Pengshui County of Chongqing City for flue-curing experiment using three flue-curing technologies. Leaf samples were collected regularly in the flue-curing process, to investigate the microscopic structure of flue-cured tobaceo leaves. [ Result] During three flue-curing processes, leaves, palisade tissues and sponge tissues shrank gradually. Three flue-euring processes exhibited significant differ- ences in the peak of tissue shrinkage ： microscopic structure of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Chinese three-stage tobacco flue-curing process shrank earliest, follower by Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curing process; flue-eured tobacco leaves in Zimbabwean tobacco flue-curing process presented the latest shrinkage. At 84 h post-curing, leaf thickness in three flue-curing processes showed a descend order of Chinese three-stage tobacco flue-curing process 〉 Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curing process 〉 Zimbabwean tobacco flue-curing process. Upper and lower epidermal cells in Zimb- abwean tobacco flue-curing process ruptured earlier than other two flue-curing processes; eventually, the majority of cells ruptured and mixed with palisade tissues and sponge tissues. In Chinese quality-improving fragranee-increasing tobacco flue-curing process, only a small number of epidermal cells in dried leaves ruptured. Among three flue-curing technologies, Zimbabwean tobacco flue-curing technology exhibited the greatest damage to epidermal cells, followed by Chinese three-stage tobaceo flue-curing technology; Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curing technology had the minimum damage to epidermal cells. Mese- phyll cross-section exhibited significant morphological changes in stomata. To be specific, at 0 - 12 h post-curing, stomata of tobacco leaves closed with slightly prominent stamatal apparatuses on upper and lower epidermis; at 24 -72 h post-curing, stomata of tobaceo leaves changed gradually from opening to closure with significantly prominent stomatal apparatuses on upper and lower epidermis; at 84 h post-curing, stomata of tobacco leaves closed, and the majority of stomatal appa- ratuses were significantly prominent. In Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curing process, only a small number of epidermal ceils ruptured at 84 h pest-flue-curing; palisade tissues and sponge tissues shrank almost simultaneously. Significant gaps were observed between palisade tissues and between pal- isade tissues and sponge tissues. Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curing technology exhibited lower disorder level compared with other two flue-curing technologies. [ Conclusion] Chinese quality-improving fragrance-increasing tobacco flue-curlng technology was conducive to maintaining the micro- scopic structure integrity of flue-cured tobacco leaves and obtaining high-quality flue-cured tobacco leaves.

The Quality Difference of Tobacco Leaves Between Different Flue-curing Processes in Honghe Tobacco-growing Area

[Objectives] This study was conducted to compare the effects of different curing processes,in order to optimize the local supporting intensive fluecuring process.[Methods] A comparative experiment was carried out in Mile,Luxi and Jianshui on the four-layer tobacco-packed intensive curing process(K1)and the eight-point precise and intensive curing process(K2).[Results]The results showed that according to the appearance evaluation of the tobacco leaves,K1 was higher than K2 in respective scores of color,maturity,leaf structure and defects and the total score,while K1 equaled K2 in the scores of identity,oil content,chroma and length.The differences in respective scores of the two processes were not significant.According to the results of sensory evaluation,the two tobacco enterprises got different evaluation results of unblended cigarettes made of the middle leaves due to different raw material requirements of the enterprises by different processes.K1 was higher than K2 in the sensory evaluation of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,while it was lower than K2 in that of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,and the difference in the total score between the two processes was significant.From the content of chemical components,in the conventional chemical component contents including total sugar,reducing sugar,chlorine and starch,K1 was higher than K2,while in the contents of potassium,total phytonine,total nitrogen and petroleum ether extract,K1 was lower than K2,but the differences were not significant.K1 was lower than K2 in the contents of neutral aroma components including ketones,alcohols,aldehydes,heterocyclics,neophytadiene and total content,while K1 was higher than K2 in the contents of esters,phenols,but the respective differences were not significant.Except the significant difference in the total score in the sensory evaluation of China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,there were no significant differences in other items in the appearance evaluation,sensory evaluation and chemical composition of tobacco leaves between K1 and K2.[Conclusions] The supporting intensive curing process can be further optimized on the basis of this study.

Analysis of the Appearance Quality of Tobacco Leaves in the Tobacco-growing Areas of Qujing City

In order to set up the digitization indices system of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Qujing. According to the relevant standards,the quantitative analysis on appearance quality of 39 cutter and upper tobacco leaf samples which were collected from eight fluecured tobacco production regions of Qujing City,Yunnan Province were carried out in 2011,respectively. The results showed that the difference in evaluation score of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco in eight regions was not significant. The tobacco leaves had high maturity,high oil content,loose structure and good appearance quality. The scores of appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco in Shizong County and Malong County are higher than other regions. The two regions are suitable for tobacco plantation. The preliminary digitization indices provide reference and guidance to tobacco production and standards system of tobacco leaves base.

上部烟叶在热泵密集烤房稳温降湿烘烤工艺下的物质动态变化

为了探析热泵密集烤房稳温降湿烘烤工艺对上部烟叶物质动态变化的影响,以云烟87上部烟叶为试验材料,对稳温降湿和四步式烘烤工艺下烟叶中的水分、色素、淀粉和还原糖含量的动态变化及其相似性进行比较分析。结果表明:与四步式烘烤工艺相比,在黄片前期稳温降湿烘烤工艺处理烟叶的含水率更高,更有利于叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的降解。稳温降湿烘烤工艺处理烟叶的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别较四步式烘烤工艺低7.51%、38.19%、9.53%,但烟叶的淀粉、还原糖含量差异不明显。不同物质在2种烘烤工艺处理下的动态变化相似性表现为水分>叶绿素a>淀粉>叶绿素b>还原糖>类胡萝卜素。烘烤过程中物质动态变化差异可以分为3类,第Ⅰ类包括水分、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、淀粉,2种烘烤工艺的差异主要发生在变黄期;第Ⅱ类为类胡萝卜素,整个烘烤过程,2种烘烤工艺均存在较大差异;第Ⅲ类为还原糖,2种烘烤工艺的差异主要表现在定色期和干筋期。综合分析,采用稳温降湿烘烤工艺有利于上部烟叶色素的降解。

改良热泵密集烤房烘烤工艺及其效果分析

为进一步利用热泵密集烤房优势,解决热泵密集烤房与现有工艺不匹配、初烤烟叶化学成分提升不明显等问题,对传统三段式烘烤工艺进行改良,对初烤烟叶的主要化学成分、石油醚提取物、多酚类物质、香气代谢产物及评吸质量进行分析。结果表明:与传统三段式烘烤工艺相比,可变频密集烤房采用改良三段式烘烤工艺后效果较好,其初烤烟叶化学成分赋值提高8.9%,淀粉含量下降20.0%,中性致香物质含量提高0.7%,多酚类物质含量提高49.4%,评吸得分提高6.2%。说明改良三段式烘烤工艺可促进烟叶香气代谢产物的积累和化学质量、评吸质量的提高。综合分析,改良后的三段式烘烤工艺能够有效提升热泵密集烤房初烤烟叶质量,有较好的实用价值。

主成分分析法在山东上部烟质量评价中的应用

本研究旨在运用主成分分析法对山东地区上部烟叶的质量进行综合评价,以便为该地区烤烟质量的准确评估提供科学依据。研究以山东10个主要植烟县2020年和2021年间105份B2F等级烟叶样品为材料,通过应用标准化法和主成分分析法对这些烟叶样品的物理特性和化学成分指标进行归类处理,并对各植烟县样品的上部烟叶质量进行分类。研究发现,单叶重与叶长和叶宽、叶片密度与叶片厚度、总糖与还原糖、烟碱与氮间极显著正相关,且主成分特征向量一致,可分别归为一类指标。根据物理特性评价结果,可将山东产区上部烟分为三类,根据化学成分评价结果,可将山东产区上部烟分为两类。综合考虑物理特性和化学成分评价结果,山东产区上部烟叶可分为四类。其中沂源、五莲、临朐为一类,兰陵、沂水、莒县、莱芜为一类,淄川、黄岛为一类,诸城则单独构成一类。

不同揭膜方式对植烟土壤养分分布规律和烟叶质量的影响

[目的]为优质烟生产的合理追肥提供依据。[方法]采集各处理不同深度土壤样品,分析速效氮、磷、钾养分含量,研究农艺措施对不同土层养分的影响。[结果]烟株生育过程中,烟株主要根区0~30 cm土层不同处理速效氮、0~20 cm土层速效磷在烟株生育期内总体呈先升后降的“凸”型变化;0~10 cm土层氮素峰值出现在移栽后30 d,磷素峰值出现在移栽后60 d;10~30 cm土层氮素峰值出现在移栽时,采烤结束时,常规揭膜培土处理0~10 cm土层速效氮低于本底值,其余处理0~10 cm土层速效氮高于本底值,10~20 cm土层速效磷峰值出现在移栽后30 d,20~30 cm土层速效磷呈非线性增加的“S”型变化。除对照处理外,其余处理0~10 cm速效钾呈“S”型非线性增加趋势,10~20 cm土层速效钾含量均呈“凸”型变化,峰值出现在移栽时,除C处理外,其余处理20~30 cm速效钾呈“S”型非线性增加趋势,E处理积累钾素最多。[结论]烟株周围破膜(直径20 cm)正常培土处理0~30 cm土层养分移动与烟株生长需肥规律吻合,有利于平衡烟叶化学成分,提高烤烟产质量和经济效益。

不同结构优化方式对烤烟LY1306质量的提升

通过调控烤烟LY1306的打顶高度和留叶数,优化烟株结构,提高烤后烟叶产量和品质,为洛阳优质烤烟LY1306生产提供技术依据。该试验采用双因素随机区组设计,双因素为打顶高度和留叶数,打顶高度分别为1.40、1.55、1.70 m,留叶数分别为14、16、18、20片。结果表明:打顶高度大于1.55 m、留叶数在16片以上的各项性状优于常规处理;上部叶的物理性状在打顶高度为1.40 m、留叶数为16片时较为优秀,中部叶以1.55 m的打顶高度和16片留叶的处理最优,打顶高度为1.70 m、留叶20片的处理各项数据较差。打顶高度为1.70 m、留叶数为20片的处理烟叶叶长、叶宽大于其他处理,含梗率较低,数据最优;打顶高度为1.40 m、留叶14片的处理叶片较小,各性状稍差。不同处理的外观质量得分都优于对照,1.55 m的打顶高度和18片留叶数的处理各部位综合得分均为最高。打顶高度1.55 m和18片留叶数处理的烟株经济性状表现最优,667 m^(2)产量128.96 kg,产值3 410.99元,且上等烟比例最高。综上所述,烤烟LY1306打顶高度1.55 m和留叶数18片时,烤后烟叶物理特性较好,化学成分含量适宜,协调性较好,提升了烟叶外观质量,提高了烟叶等级,提升了上等叶的比例,可满足卷烟工业的需求。

皖南烟区烤烟新品种中川208的适宜留叶数研究

为探索烤烟品种中川208在皖南烟区适宜的采收留叶数,对中川208不同留叶数处理后田间长势、经济性状、烤后烟叶外观及内在质量进行了研究。结果表明,随着留叶数增加,顶叶变小,中部烟叶烟碱、总糖、淀粉含量有降低的趋势,氮碱比有增高的趋势,上部烟叶烟碱、总氮、钾、氯含量有所降低,总糖、还原糖、淀粉含量有所增高。中川208留叶16~18片时,综合经济性状较高,烤后烟叶外观质量较好,感官质量较优。综合来看,中川208在皖南烟区留叶数16~18片较为适宜。

不同氯化钾施用措施对烤烟上部叶产质量的影响

[目的]探讨适宜泸州烟区的氯化钾施用措施,进一步完善田间上部烟叶的调控技术。[方法]采用田间试验,以“中川208”为试材,设施氯量30、60、90、0 kg/hm^(2)4个水平,基追比为5∶5,追施时期设移栽后30和50 d,共7个氯化钾施用处理。分析上部烟叶农艺性状、SPAD值、经济性状、化学成分、物理性状的变化。[结果]较不施用氯化钾而言,施用氯化钾使上部烟叶产量、产值、均价、中上等烟比例分别提高3.11%~9.17%、6.12%~19.29%、2.79%~12.92%、4.01%~18.25%;烤后烟叶颜色、成熟度、身份、油分、色度均得到提升,综合得分提升1.15%~8.30%。[结论]以基肥施用氯化钾30 kg/hm^(2),移栽50 d后追施30 kg/hm^(2)的施肥措施经济效益最高,烤后上部烟叶外观质量、化学成分、物理性状评分最高。

打顶时间和方式对烤烟经济性状和烟叶品质的影响

为明确打顶时间及打顶方式对烟叶产量和品质的影响,设置打顶时间(现蕾打顶、中心花开放时打顶、盛花开放时打顶)及打顶方式(去除花器不带幼叶、去除花器带相邻的顶端2片幼叶、去除花器带相邻的顶端4片幼叶)的双因素试验,研究不同处理对烤烟‘云烟87’经济性状、物理特性、化学成分和感官质量的影响。结果表明,随着打顶时间的延迟,烤烟的上等烟比例、均价、产量、产值及评吸质量呈先增高后降低趋势,上部叶烟叶长度、厚度及叶面积质量增加,总氮和烟碱含量增加;随着打顶去除幼叶数量的增加,上等烟比例先增加后降低,产值先降低后增加,上、中、下部叶的烟叶长度、厚度及叶面积质量增加,中部叶的叶面积指数增加,烟碱、总糖及还原糖含量增加;在打顶时间及打顶方式的互作下,中心花开放时打顶不去除幼叶处理的经济性状最佳,现蕾打顶时去除花器带相邻的顶端4片幼叶的物理特性最佳,中心花开放时打顶去除花器带相邻的顶端2片幼叶的评吸质量最佳。因此,湖南稻茬烤烟‘云烟87’以中心花开放时打顶去除花器带相邻的顶端2片幼叶较为适宜。

烤烟上部6片烟叶一次性采收成熟度的模糊综合评价

为明确烤烟上部烟叶一次性采收的适宜成熟度,以湖南桂阳烟区种植的‘云烟87’为材料,设计低成熟度(M1)、中成熟度(M2)、高成熟度(M3)3个处理,开展6片上部烟叶采烤成熟度试验,并采用模糊评价方法对烤后烟叶质量和经济性状进行综合评价。结果表明,随上部烟叶采收成熟度提高,鲜烟叶的SPAD值下降;烤后烟叶微带青比例下降,杂色烟叶比例增加;烟叶成熟度提高,结构变为疏松,油分增多;烟叶单叶质量、厚度、叶面积质量、平衡含水率降低;烟叶总糖、还原糖、钾、淀粉含量下降,烟碱含量增加,化学成分可用性提高;但烟叶产量和产值下降。M2处理的外观质量指数较M1、M3分别高6.18%、-2.13%,物理性状指数较M1、M3分别高2.35%、5.30%,化学成分可用性指数分别高30.86%、4.55%,评吸总分分别高10.12%、0.50%,经济性状指数分别高8.96%、12.97%,烟叶质量指数分别高12.53%、1.16%,经济效果综合指数分别高10.11%、6.98%。综合来看,湖南桂阳烟区‘云烟87’上部6片烟叶一次性采收成熟度以M2较为适宜,即叶面变黄50%~80%,主脉变白50%~80%,支脉变白30%~50%,部分茸毛脱落,成熟斑较多;SPAD值在20.44~30.79可作为指导稻茬烤烟6片上部烟叶适宜采收成熟度的参考指标。

水稻土烟区烤烟不同种植体系对根际土壤特性及烟叶产质量的影响

【目的】筛选适合云南省植烟水稻土耕层土壤质量提升及烟叶提质增效、烤烟与多元产业有效融合的最佳种植模式。【方法】以烤烟品种云烟87号为材料,在水稻土上进行3年大田试验,设置5个处理:烤烟连作(T1,CK)、2年紫花苜蓿—1年烤烟轮作(T2)、1年紫花苜蓿—2年烤烟轮作(T3)、烤烟套作玉米(T4)、烤烟—羊肚菌轮作(T5),探讨种植模式对烟田土壤理化特性、土壤微生物数量和烟叶产量、品质的改良效应。【结果】与T1(CK)相比,烤烟轮作、套作后土壤容重降低2.47%~21.77%,土壤孔隙度、阳离子交换量、有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著增加,土壤水溶性氯无明显变化;提高土壤中大粒径团聚体含量,改善土壤结构及其稳定性。与T1(CK)相比,烤烟轮作、套作后根际土壤的真菌、细菌、放线菌数量均显著增加,增幅分别为61.82%~176.4%、13.0%~49.73%、25.38%~130.05%,微生物量碳、氮及碳氮比分别提高13.81%~60.38%、9.96%~52.40%、3.51%~5.48%。烤烟轮作、套作后烟叶的叶面积、上等烟比例、产量和产值显著增加,其中处理T2、T5产值最高,分别较T1(CK)显著提高43.28%、50.22%。与T1(CK)相比,T2、T3、T4、T5烟叶总糖、还原糖、氧化钾含量显著升高,增幅为13.96%~56.51%、7.46%~27.91%、40.76%~52.72%;烟叶总氮、烟碱含量显著降低4.13%~11.00%、3.39%~16.41%。【结论】采用“烤烟—紫花苜蓿”“烤烟—羊肚菌”轮作体系,可提升土壤肥力,改善土壤通透性、团聚体结构及土壤微生物群落丰度;对提高烟叶产量、产值,改善烟叶化学成分协调作用效果明显。

湘西烤烟上部叶烟碱含量特征及其与气象因子的关系

收集2007—2022年湘西3个主要产烟县烤烟生长季(4—9月)的主要气象数据,以及2015与2017—2022年卷烟工业公司调拨取样检测的烟叶化学成分数据,分析湘西烟区上部烟叶烟碱含量特征及其与主要气象因子的关系。结果表明:湘西烟区3个主产烟县烤烟生长季的气温总体表现出较高的稳定性,但龙山、花垣和永顺8月的积温年际间变异系数分别达到75.17%、75.32%和71.85%;龙山、永顺县6月累积日照时数的年际间变化最大,变异系数分别为43.21%和39.17%,花垣县9月累积日照时数的年际间变化最大,变异系数为36.57%;4—9月降水量的年际间变化相对较大,不同县的降水分布存在差异,龙山县为前期降水偏多,永顺和花垣后期降水偏多。3个主产烟县上部烟叶烟碱含量偏高和糖碱比偏低的样本所占比例分别为90.5%和85.7%。烤烟生育后期降水量与烟叶烟碱含量显著正相关(r=0.494,P=0.023),8—9月的降水量是解释烟碱含量变化的唯一显著变量,可解释24.4%的烟碱含量变化(偏高)。研究结果可为湘西烤烟烟碱含量的栽培调控以及烟田生育后期的水分管理等提供参考。

留叶数和留叶方式对烤烟新品种湘烟7号烟叶产量和质量的影响

为明确烤烟新品种湘烟7号在贵州黔南烟区的适宜留叶数与留叶方式,以湘烟7号为试验材料,共设置6个留叶处理,进行不同留叶数与留叶方式对湘烟7号烟叶产量和质量影响的研究,并采用模糊综合评价法对烟叶质量进行综合评价,明确最佳留叶数与留叶方式。结果表明:留叶18片、去除10片底脚叶和留叶20片、去除10片底脚叶,烤烟的经济性状表现较好,A2B3处理的产量为2 807.81 kg·hm^(-2),A1B3处理的产值为92 112元·hm^(-2);外观质量与物理特性方面,留叶20片略优于留叶18片,中部叶A2B3、A2B1处理的AQI指数较高,分别为8.25、7.85,上部叶A1B2处理的AQI指数较高,为7.85;中部叶A2B1处理、上部叶A2B2处理的PPI指数较高,分别为91.40、82.64;化学特性方面,中部叶A1B3处理、上部叶A2B1处理的CCUI指数为81.69、82.60,显著高于其他处理;感官特性方面,A1B3处理表现较好,感官质量指数SQI为70.35。综合4个评价指标,各处理的CEI指数排序为A1B3>A2B1>A1B2>A2B2>A2B3>A1B1。综上,笔者认为贵州黔南烟区湘烟7号最佳留叶数与留叶方式为留叶18片、去除10片底脚叶。

油菜-烤烟种植模式对烟叶产质量影响

为提升烟叶质量和拓宽烟农增收渠道,研究了冬闲期种植双低甘蓝型油菜品种,油菜全部做绿肥翻压还田(YY处理)和油菜收薹后剩余部分做绿肥翻压还田(YT处理),然后接茬种植烤烟,研究不同处理对烟田土壤改良、烟株生长发育及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明,YT处理油菜翻压生物量较YY处理减少59.0%,但可收获菜薹24153.2 kg/hm^(2),同时随收薹携出烟田土壤氮45.3 kg/hm^(2)。2个处理均提高了0~20 cm土层土壤有机质含量,增加了土壤酶活性。其中,YT处理烟株生长发育适中和后期烟叶成熟落黄较好,烤后烟叶产质量明显提高,烟叶还原糖含量较高,化学成分更加协调,烟叶产值较YY处理提高了5578.5元/hm^(2)。综合分析认为,在土壤基础肥力偏高情况下,冬闲期种植双低甘蓝型油菜,油菜先收薹,然后剩余部分做绿肥翻压,在改良烟田土壤同时增加一季菜薹,可以实现一菜两用,同时还有助于提高烤后烟叶质量。

烤烟初烤阶段喷施不同物料比复合生物制剂对陕南烟叶品质的影响

【目的】分析烤烟初烤过程中喷施复合生物制剂对陕南烟叶品质的影响,为复合生物制剂物料比的选择及烤后烟叶质量的调控提供参考。【方法】以陕西省商洛市主栽烤烟品种云烟99上部叶(B2F)为试验材料,设计5%物料比(T1)、4%物料比(T2)、3%物料比(T3)3种复合生物制剂(SXC-4)处理,在初烤阶段变黄期末期(42℃)进行喷施,测定烤后烟叶的化学成分和致香物质含量,并进行感官评价分析。【结果】与CK相比,T1处理下果胶和木质素的降解效果最好,分别降低了58.00%和5.90%;T2处理下游离氨基酸含量和致香物质含量的增加效果最好,分别增加了6.50%和51.80%;T3处理下还原性糖、总糖、莨菪亭、质体色素降解产物、苯丙氨酸类致香物质、Amadori化合物含量提升最高,分别为21.00%、17.00%、51.00%、54.80%、2.70%、11.20%,且感官质量得分最高,为60.95;且T3处理果胶和木质素分别降低43.49%、4.50%,游离氨基酸含量提高2.90%,处理效果与T1、T2处理相比较差。【结论】烤烟初烤阶段喷施复合生物制剂可改善烟叶化学成分的协调性、烟叶的香气质和香气量、提升透发性、降低杂气和刺激性、改善浓度和劲头,感官质量明显提升,其中喷施3%物料比的复合生物制剂可明显提升陕南烟叶品质。

中心切割反相/反相二维液相色谱-串联质谱法测定烟叶潜香类糖苷

为解决烟叶潜香类糖苷含量低、基质干扰严重、难以准确测定的问题,本研究建立了中心切割反相/反相二维液相色谱-串联质谱法定量检测烟叶中3种潜香类糖苷。样品前处理简单,仅需提取后直接上样,方法的日内和日间重复性相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.0%~3.2%和2.8%~8.4%,可以满足大量烟叶样品的日常检测需求。对烤烟、白肋烟、香料烟、晒烟等不同类型烟叶进行测定,结果表明,不同类型烟叶还原糖含量与潜香类糖苷呈正相关。对不同香型、不同产地的157个烤烟样品的糖苷含量进行分析,结果表明,烤烟糖苷含量不仅受还原糖的影响,还可能受类胡萝卜素、成熟期温度等多种因素的影响。