参仙升脉口服液化学成分的UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS快速分析

目的探究参仙升脉口服液的化学物质基础。方法利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS)对参仙升脉口服液的化学成分进行整体、系统辨识。采用Thermo Accucore aQ C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm),流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-甲醇(B)梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为0-13 min,5%-60%B;13-27 min,60%-95%B;27-30 min,95%B,流速0.3 mL·min^(-1),柱温30°C;质谱分析离子化方式为加热电喷雾离子化(H-ESI),扫描模式为正、负离子切换,扫描范围m/z 120-1800,碰撞能量30 eV、50 eV、70 eV。结果共鉴定出160个化学成分,包括29个黄酮类成分,24个有机酸类成分,21个生物碱类成分,19个萜类成分,15个苯丙素类成分,12个皂苷类成分和40个其他类成分;其中6个化学成分(芦丁、补骨脂苷、异补骨脂苷、补骨脂素、异补骨脂素和补骨脂酚)经对照品比对确认。结论该研究借助UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS技术实现了参仙升脉口服液化学成分准确、快速、系统的分析和鉴定,为其化学物质基础的阐明和质量控制提供了重要依据。

Electrochemical Enzyme Immunoassay of Tumor Marker CA15-3 with Capillary Electrophoresis

Tumor marker CA15-3 was determined by using capillary electrophoretic enzyme immunoassay with electrochemical detection (CE-EIA-ED). The method can be used to detect CA15-3 with a limit of 0.024 U/mL.

Elevated soluble 4-1BB is associated with serum markers of hepatitis B virus in patients with chronic hepatitis B

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that the costimulatory molecule 4-1BB plays pivotal roles in regulating immunity during chronic viral infection.However,up to now,there are few studies about 4-1BB in chronic hepatitis B(CHB).AIM To clarify this issue,we report our comprehensive study results on the expression levels of 4-1BB in patients with CHB.METHODS From September 2018 to June 2019,a total of 64 patients with CHB were recruited from the Department of Hepatology,The First Hospital of Jilin University.Peripheral blood samples were collected from 52 treatment-naïve and 12 entecavir-treated patients with CHB as well as 37 healthy donors(including 24 healthy adults and 13 healthy children).The levels of soluble 4-1BB(s4-1BB)in plasma were measured by ELISA.4-1BB mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.RESULTS The s4-1BB levels in the plasma of patients with CHB were significantly higher than those in healthy adults(94.390±7.393 ng/mL vs 8.875±0.914 ng/mL,P<0.001).In addition,the s4-1BB level in plasma was significantly increased in patients with a higher viral load and a disease flare up.However,there were no significant differences between treatment-naïve and entecavir-treated patients.Interestingly,among treatment-naïve patients with CHB,the levels of s4-1BB in plasma had a significant positive correlation with hepatitis B surface antigen,hepatitis B virus DNA,hepatitis B e antigen,and triglyceride levels(r=0.748,P<0.001;r=0.406,P=0.004;r=0.356,P=0.019 and r=-0.469,P=0.007,respectively).The 4-1BB mRNA expression was higher in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with CHB than in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy adults,but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION These results suggest that the levels of s4-1BB may be associated with pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus and therefore may be a promising biomarker for disease progression.

Effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with radiotherapy on tumor malignancy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and evaluation of side effects

Objective:To study the effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with radiotherapy on tumor malignancy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and the corresponding side effects.Methods:A total of 84 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated in our hospital between May 2013 and March 2016 were selected and randomly divided into HIFU group and IGRT group, HIFU group accepted high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with radiotherapy and IGRT group received radiotherapy alone. 4 weeks after treatment, the levels of tumor markers, liver and kidney function indexes, perineural invasion-related molecules and cytokines in serum as well as the levels of immune cells in peripheral blood were determined.Results:4 weeks after treatment, serum CA199, CA242, OPN, NGAL, RBP4, NGF, TrkA, p75, BDNF and TrkB levels of HIFU group were significantly lower than those of IGRT group, serum IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-13 levels as well as peripheral blood NKT cell and CD4+T cell levels were significantly higher than those of IGRT group, and serum ALT, AST, Cr and BUN levels were not significantly different from those of IGRT group.Conclusion:HIFU combined with radiotherapy treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer can more effectively kill cancer cells, inhibit pancreatic cancer cell invasion to the peripheral nerve and enhance the antitumor immune response mediated by NKT cells and CD4+T cells.

Diagnostic Value of VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA in Pancreatic Cancer and Risk Factors of Vascular Invasion

Background:Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract.Due to its insidious onset,most patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer have missed the opportunity for radical surgery,which offers patients the best chance of survival.The 5-year survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer can be improved with early diagnosis,and serum tumor makers are an inexpensive and convenient diagnostic tool that is widely used in the diagnosis of malignancies.Objective:To determine the diagnostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)in patients with pancreatic cancer and the risk factors of vascular invasion.Methods:An experimental group comprising 52 patients with pancreatic cancer admitted to our department from July 2021 to July 2022 and a control group comprising 21 patients with benign pancreatic diseases during the same period were included in our study.Their serum VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA levels were detected and compared between the two groups,and the correlation between the three markers in the invaded vessel and non-invaded vessel groups was investigated.The diagnostic value of a single tumor marker and in combination for pancreatic cancer was analyzed,and the three tumor marker levels of the experimental group in different pathological characteristics were detected and compared.Results:The experimental group had higher serum VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA levels than the control group(P<0.05).Through a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis,the combined detection had the highest value for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,in which the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.9158(95%CI:0.8415-0.9900),while the sensitivity and specificity were 76.19%and 98.08%,respectively.Serum VEGF and CA 19-9 levels were higher in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ pancreatic cancer patients and those with tumor metastasis compared with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients and those without metastasis(P<0.05),respectively.Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer,and the results showed that only serum VEGF was a risk factor(P<0.05),OR(95%CI):1.001-1.006.Conclusion:Patients with pancreatic cancer have significantly higher serum VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA levels,and the combined detection of tumor markers is of high clinical value in its diagnosis.In addition,serum VEGF is an independent risk factor of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer,which can predict vascular invasion to a certain extent.

羊乳低聚糖超高效液相色谱-质谱鉴定中样品前处理方法及液相色谱条件优化

通过Sep-Pak C18与石墨化碳柱法、超滤法、透析法和葡萄糖凝胶层析法4种不同的前处理方法,以离子交换色谱法检测乳糖的去除率和低聚糖的损失率为评价指标,最终确定葡聚糖凝胶层析法为最优前处理方法。然后,采用超高效液相色谱-串联Q-Exactive Focus质谱对羊乳中的低聚糖进行分析及结构鉴定,以低聚糖的总离子流图为评价指标,对液相洗脱条件进行优化,最终优化条件为:0~20 min,95%~78%A(乙腈);20~35 min,78%~73%A;35~38 min,73~62%A;38~45 min,62%~50%A。结果显示,采用凝胶层析法前处理样品测得低聚糖种类显著高于未去除乳糖的样品,在最优液相色谱分离条件下,羊乳低聚糖中同分异构体得到较好分离,对羊乳中低聚糖的结构解析具有重要参考价值。

酵母双杂交技术筛选宫颈癌HeLa细胞cDNA文库中FAM92A1-289关联蛋白

目的应用酵母双杂交技术从宫颈癌He La细胞c DNA文库中筛选FAM92A1-289关联蛋白。方法构建酵母双杂交p GBKT7-FAM92A1-289诱饵载体,转化至酵母AH109感受态细胞中。利用Clontech GAL4酵母双杂交系统筛选He La细胞c DNA文库中与FAM92A1-289相互作用的蛋白质,用营养缺陷型培养基和X-a-Gal双重筛选实验进行筛选,对筛选结果进行生物信息学分析,对克隆重复率较高的蛋白进行回转验证,将β-半乳糖苷酶活性阳性的克隆进行测序并分析。结果成功构建酵母双杂交p GBKT7-FAM92A1-289诱饵载体,可在酵母细胞中正常表达FAM92A1-289,且对酵母细胞无毒性,不存在自激活现象。筛选出在SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp四缺培养基及含X-a-Gal的SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp四缺培养基上均能生长且β-半乳糖苷酶活性阳性的克隆9个。经生物信息学分析发现4种蛋白重复率较高,即增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、半乳糖凝集素1(Galectin-1)、内质网高尔基体中间室标记物53(ERGIC-53)、重组人BCL2相关永生基因1(BAG1),并均与FAM92A1-289存在相互作用。结论利用酵母双杂交技术在Hela细胞c DNA文库中成功筛选出与FAM92A1-289相互作用的蛋白,为进一步研究FAM92A1-289的功能提供了新线索。

Markers of bile duct tumors

Biliary tract carcinomas are relatively rare,representing less than 1%of cancers.However,their incidence has increased in Japan and in industrialized countries like the USA.Biliary tract tumors have a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate because they are usually detected late in the course of the disease;therapeutic treatment options are often limited and of minimal utility.Recent studies have shown the importance of serum and molecularmarkers in the diagnosis and follow up of biliary tract tumors.This review aims to introduce the main features of the most important serum and molecular markers of biliary tree tumors.Some considerable tumor markers are cancer antigen 125,carbohydrate antigen 19-9,carcinoembryonic antigen,chromogranin A,mucin 1,mucin 5,alpha-fetoprotein,claudins and cytokeratins.

The prognostic value of preoperative serum levels of CEA,CA19-9 and CA72-4 in patients with colorectal cancer

INTRODUCTIONCarcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) , originally described by Gold and Freedman [1] in 1965, is now an acknowledged member of immunoglobulin superfamily[2],with a role as an intracellular adhesion molecule[3].Carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9), obtained with a monoclonal antibody produced by immunizing a monoclonal antibody produced by immunizing a mouse with a colonic cancer cell line in 1979[4],is a ligand for E-selectin that plays an important role in the addhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells [5,6].

Giant simple hepatic cyst with multiple elevated serum tumormarkers: A case report

BACKGROUND Simple hepatic cysts are relatively common in adults, and mostly appear asasymptomatic incidental radiologic findings. Occasionally, a large cyst will causesymptoms. Elevations in the serum biomarkers protein induced by vitamin Kabsence (PIVKA)-II, cancer antigen (CA) 12-5, and CA19-9 are often associatedwith malignant tumors in the liver or bile ducts. This is the first report to describea case of hepatic cyst with elevated levels of PIVKA-II and CA12-5.CASE SUMMARY An 84-year-old Chinese woman was admitted with gradual abdominal distension.Her symptoms started 1 year ago, and she had poor appetite and a weight loss of5 kg within the past 2 wk. She denied any symptoms associated with abdominalpain, fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, etc. The abdomen was enlarged, morein the right upper quadrant, without tenderness. Laboratory examination showedsignificantly increased serum levels of PIVKA-II, CA12-5, and CA19-9. Acomputed tomography scan revealed multiple round cysts in the liver with clearboundaries. The largest cyst was 20.1 cm × 12.2 cm × 19.6 cm in size, located in theright lobe of the liver with mild dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct, but therewas no contrast enhancement. Percutaneous drainage on the largest hepatic cystand polycinnamol sclerosing agent injection into the cyst cavity were performed.After treatment, the patient’s symptoms relieved and the elevated serum tumormakers reduced to the normal levels dramatically.CONCLUSION The present report identifies an unusual case of a giant hepatic cyst with markedelevation of serum tumor marker levels of PIVKA-II, CA12-5, and CA19-9. Aftertreatment, these three serum markers dramatically decreased to normal levels.The mechanisms for the elevation of these tumor markers may be as follows: (1) Agiant hepatic cyst compresses the liver, causing injury to the hepatocytes, whichmay lead to secretion of a large amount of PIVKA-II;and (2) Some tumorassociatedantigens, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, CA12-5, andCA15-3, are expressed on inflammatory cells.

Ways to Overcome Anxiety in the English Listening Class in College (SUN JING-YU KE SU-FEN)

In my ten-yeat experience of tenching English as major in college , I feel that students experience more difficulties in listening lessons than in other lessons. What, then, prevents students from achieving success in the listening class? I suggest that anxiety is one of the major factors, which interferes with students listening comprehension. And I would agree with writers such as Gardner and Horwitz et al. (1991)that anxiety may impede learner’s ability to perform successfully in all aspects of learning a foreign language. I feet it is particularly significant for listening.

COMPARISON OF VARIOUS CORRELATION ON IRMA FOR CA19-9 AND CA50 IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TUMOUR

This paper compared various correlation of IMRA for CA19-9 and CA50 in the digestive system tumour antigen, such as linearity, sensitivity, analytical range, precision as well as storage and stability and so on. And it also determined serum level of CA19- 9 and CA50 of patients with different tumours. The results showed it was well correlated to CA19- 9 and CA50 as a marker of digestive system tumour. Particularly high levels of both markers were found in patients with pancreastic colonic cancer. Therefore it is possible to obtain a higher sensitivity and acceptable specificity by combination with CA19-9 and CA50.

Dysbiosis of the duodenal microbiota as a diagnostic marker for pancreaticobiliary cancer

BACKGROUND Pancreaticobiliary cancer(PB Ca)is a lethal disease,and a useful diagnostic marker is urgently needed.A correlation between the human microbiota and malignant gastrointestinal diseases was recently reported.AIM To investigate the efficacy of the duodenal microbiota for diagnosing PB Ca.METHODS We recruited 22 patients with benign pancreaticobiliary diseases(benign group)and 12 patients with PB Ca(malignant group).The duodenal microbiota of each patient was analyzed by the 16S rDNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism method.Patient characteristics,tumor markers,and relative abundances of the duodenal microbiota were compared between the benign and malignant groups.RESULTS Cancer antigen 19-9(CA19-9),Bifidobacterium,Clostridium cluster XVIII,and Prevotella levels differed significantly between the benign and malignant groups.Clostridium cluster XVIII had the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)among the four factors with respect to diagnosing PB Ca(cutoff value:3.038%;sensitivity:58.3%;specificity:95.2%;AUC:0.81).The combination of Clostridium cluster XVIII(cutoff value:3.038%)and CA19-9 Levels(cutoff value:18.8 U/mL)showed 91.7%sensitivity and 71.4%specificity for diagnosing PB Ca.CONCLUSION The duodenal microbiota may be useful for PB Ca screening.

Improved detection Of the MUC1 cancer antigen CA 15-3 by ALYGNSA fluorimmunoassay

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancerrelated deaths in women worldwide;a prime cancer biomarker to aid in the diagnosis, directed treatment, clinical management, and reoccurrence of this cancer is a MUC1 peptide fragment: cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3). Herein, an immuno-fluorescence assay for CA 15-3 was developed;this ALYGNSA system consists of a protein biolinker (Protein G’) adsorbed onto Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The unique interaction of Protein G’ with PMMA, a thermo-plastic polymer has been demonstrated to improve human IgG capture antibody alignment/ orientation and result in greater assay sensitivity. Indeed a previous report (HEALTH 1 325 - 329, 2009) on the shed extracellular domain of HER-2/neu revealed a 10-fold increase in sensitivity of the ALYGSNA assay over a control ELISA assay. Results from this ALYGNSA assay study revealed that a 16-fold increase in detection (≤0.94 U/mL) of CA 15-3 was found in comparison to a commercial control ELISA kit (≤15 U/mL). In conclusion, this enhanced sensitivity of the ALYGNSA assay for CA 15-3, may provide insights into the role/function of this biomarker in normal, as well as, breast cancer and other epithelial cancers.

对氨甲苯酸注射液中特定杂质4-甲酰基苯甲酸的研究

目的研究氨甲苯酸注射液中的特定杂质。方法对样品进行有关物质检查,利用半制备柱从样品中制备杂质,建立UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS法对样品中的杂质进行结构鉴定,并以氨甲苯酸为参照物,采用斜率法计算杂质的相对校正因子。结果确定了特定杂质为4-甲酰基苯甲酸,且其在1.244~62.20 ng·mL^(-1)与峰面积线性关系良好,Y=1687X-330.5(r=1.000),相对校正因子为2.88,检测限和定量限分别为0.27 ng·mL^(-1)和1.07 ng·mL^(-1),重复性RSD为0.44%,稳定性RSD为0.50%,加样回收率在97.85%~102.6%(RSD=1.4%)。结论本文利用半制备柱从样品中制备杂质,建立了UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS方法对杂质结构进行鉴定及定量分析,进一步完善质量标准。

秦岭岩白菜入血成分及其代谢产物的UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS分析

目的:研究秦岭岩白菜提取物在大鼠体内的入血原型成分及代谢产物。方法:采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法(UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS)技术,通过比对秦岭岩白菜提取液、空白血清和含药血清的图谱差异,根据保留时间、相对分子质量,以及一级、二级离子碎片,解析秦岭岩白菜提取物经大鼠灌胃给药后血清中的原型成分和代谢产物,检测条件为流动相选择甲醇(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0~40 min,5%~95%A;40~45 min,95%A),流速设定0.3 mL·min^(-1),进样量1μL,加热电喷雾离子源,检测范围m/z 80~1200,正、负离子扫描模式。结果:大鼠口服给药后,共在血清中检测到35个移行成分,其中6个为原型成分,29个为代谢产物。经鉴定6个原型成分分别为熊果苷、mallonanoside A、岩白菜素、ardimerin、水杨酸、鞣花酸,29个代谢产物主要是来自含有没食子酸、mallonanoside A、岩白菜素、儿茶素、鞣花酸等结构单元的化合物代谢物,其代谢途径主要为葡萄糖醛酸化、硫酸酯化、甲基化等,以Ⅱ相代谢为主。结论:入血成分及其代谢产物可能是秦岭岩白菜体内直接作用的药效成分,其中mallonanoside A、岩白菜素、鞣花酸在体内既可以原型成分入血,又可以经过Ⅱ相代谢发挥药效;而秦岭岩白菜药材中的其他大多数化学成分在体内可能主要是先通过水解等途径转化为没食子酸、岩白菜素、儿茶素等简单结构,再进一步发生Ⅱ相代谢。

Refractive Focusing of Interstellar Clouds and Intraday Polarization Angle Swings

Intraday variations of compact extragalactic radio sources in flux density and polarization are generally interpreted in terms of refractive scintillation from the continuous interstellar medium of our Galaxy. However, continuous polarization angle swings of - 180° （for example, the one observed in the QSO 0917＋624） could not be interpreted in this way. Qian et al. have shown that the polarization angle swing observed in the QSO 1150＋812 can be explained in terms of focusing-defocusing effect by an interstellar cloud, which occults two closely-placed polarized components. Here we further show that the polarization angle swing event observed in the QSO 0917＋624 can also be explained in this way. We also found evidence for the cloud eclipsing a non-polarized （core） component during a short period out- side the swing. A particular （and specific） plasma-lens model is proposed to model-fit the polarization swing event of 0917＋624. Some physical parameters related to the plasma-lens and the source components are estimated. The brightness temperatures of the two lensed components are estimated to be -1.6× 10^13 K. Thus bulk relativistic motion with a Lorentz factor less than -20 may be sufficient to avoid the inverse - Compton catastrophe.

高强度聚焦超声联合放疗对晚期胰腺癌患者肿瘤恶性程度的影响及毒副作用评价

目的:研究高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)联合放疗对晚期胰腺癌患者肿瘤恶性程度的影响及相应的毒副作用。方法:选择2013年5月~2016年3月期间在长江大学附属仙桃市第一人民医院接受治疗的84例晚期胰腺癌患者并随机分为HIFU组和IGRT组,HIFU组接受高强度聚焦超声联合放疗、IGRT组接受单纯放疗。治疗后4周时,检测血清中肿瘤标志物、肝肾功能指标、神经浸润相关分子、细胞因子的含量以及外周血中免疫细胞的含量。结果:治疗后4周时,HIFU组患者血清中CA199、CA242、OPN、NGAL、RBP4、NGF、TrkA、p75、BDNF、TrkB的含量均显著低于IGRT组,血清中IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-13含量以及外周血中NKT细胞、CD4^+T细胞含量均显著高于IGRT组,血清中ALT、AST、Cr、BUN含量与IGRT组比较无显著性差异。结论:HIFU联合放疗治疗晚期胰腺癌能够更为有效地杀伤癌细胞、抑制胰腺癌细胞向周围神经的浸润、增强NKT细胞和CD4+T细胞所介导的抗肿瘤免疫应答。

秦岭岩白菜根茎化学成分的UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS分析

目的:采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法(UHPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS)对秦岭岩白菜药材的化学成分进行快速识别和鉴定。方法:选择秦岭岩白菜的75%甲醇提取液作为供试品溶液,采用Thermo Accucore aQ RP18色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.6μm),流动相甲醇(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0~40 min,5%~95%A;40~45 min,95%A),流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温30℃;质谱分析采用加热电喷雾离子源(HESI),正、负离子模式扫描,扫描范围m/z 80~1 200。结果:共鉴定出了66个成分,包括游离氨基酸2个、岩白菜素类7个、黄酮类15个、有机酸类15个、糖苷类25个及其他类2个。结论:该方法可系统、准确、快速地对秦岭岩白菜药材中化学成分进行定性分析,其中8个成分(琥珀酸、熊果苷、没食子酸、原儿茶酸、岩白菜素、儿茶素、绿原酸和咖啡酸)与对照品比对而准确鉴定,51个成分为首次在秦岭岩白菜中发现,28个成分为首次从岩白菜属植物中发现,可为秦岭岩白菜药效物质研究及质量评价提供重要依据。