The suitability of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) and of HPLC for analyzing polyphenols is evaluated. FCR assay is commonly used although its flows, such as overestimating polyphenol content due to interference by ...The suitability of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) and of HPLC for analyzing polyphenols is evaluated. FCR assay is commonly used although its flows, such as overestimating polyphenol content due to interference by oxidizable species, were previously reported. The wide range of oxidizable species present in biological systems seriously compromises this assay’s reliability. Adding small amounts of protein to olive-mill wastewater (OMWW) significantly increased the apparent polyphenol content indicated by the FCR assay. The commonly used “reference” polyphenol as a standard for “total polyphenols” quantification is problematic since each polyphenol responds differently to the FCR. Conversely, HPLC may underestimate polyphenol content. No single HPLC protocol is likely to detect the whole myriad of polyphenols which may be present in a polyphenol-containing system. In analyzing 5 OMWW samples both by FCR assay and HPLC, the polyphenol content indicated by the FCR assay was up to six-fold higher than that determined by HPLC.展开更多
The degradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) found in alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding sewage was investigated using Fenton-type reagents. Different Fenton reagent treatments for HPAM degradation w...The degradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) found in alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding sewage was investigated using Fenton-type reagents. Different Fenton reagent treatments for HPAM degradation were compared. The effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), ferrous ion(Fe^(2+)), and tartaric ion(C_(4)H_(4)O_(6)^(2-)) concentrations were studied. The degradation reaction occurred within a wide range of pH(3–9). The HPAM degradation performance of photo-Fenton processes using solar light and UV were compared with that of the Fenton process. The degradation rate was found to be strongly dependent on the H_(2)O_(2)/Fe^(2+)/C_(4)H_(4)O_(6)^(2-)molar ratio. The HPAM degradation efficiency was 90%, and the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency was 85%. HPAM could be degraded into a compound with a lower molecular weight, but it was difficult to achieve complete mineralization to CO_(2). The presence of intermediate products hindered further oxidation in the Fenton process.展开更多
文摘The suitability of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) and of HPLC for analyzing polyphenols is evaluated. FCR assay is commonly used although its flows, such as overestimating polyphenol content due to interference by oxidizable species, were previously reported. The wide range of oxidizable species present in biological systems seriously compromises this assay’s reliability. Adding small amounts of protein to olive-mill wastewater (OMWW) significantly increased the apparent polyphenol content indicated by the FCR assay. The commonly used “reference” polyphenol as a standard for “total polyphenols” quantification is problematic since each polyphenol responds differently to the FCR. Conversely, HPLC may underestimate polyphenol content. No single HPLC protocol is likely to detect the whole myriad of polyphenols which may be present in a polyphenol-containing system. In analyzing 5 OMWW samples both by FCR assay and HPLC, the polyphenol content indicated by the FCR assay was up to six-fold higher than that determined by HPLC.
基金the Northeast Petroleum University Youth Science Foundation (No. 2019QNL-35)Guiding Science and Technology Plan Project of Daqing (No. zd-2021-39)。
文摘The degradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) found in alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding sewage was investigated using Fenton-type reagents. Different Fenton reagent treatments for HPAM degradation were compared. The effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), ferrous ion(Fe^(2+)), and tartaric ion(C_(4)H_(4)O_(6)^(2-)) concentrations were studied. The degradation reaction occurred within a wide range of pH(3–9). The HPAM degradation performance of photo-Fenton processes using solar light and UV were compared with that of the Fenton process. The degradation rate was found to be strongly dependent on the H_(2)O_(2)/Fe^(2+)/C_(4)H_(4)O_(6)^(2-)molar ratio. The HPAM degradation efficiency was 90%, and the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency was 85%. HPAM could be degraded into a compound with a lower molecular weight, but it was difficult to achieve complete mineralization to CO_(2). The presence of intermediate products hindered further oxidation in the Fenton process.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273104,No.22022306,No.22288201)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD 0303305)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0450202)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC 2203062)the Dalian Innovation Support Program(No.2021RD05).