How to use the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)data:research design and methodology

In the United States(US),the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)program is the only comprehensive source of population-based information that includes stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis and patient survival data.This program aims to provide a database about cancer incidence and survival for studies of surveillance and the development of analytical and methodological tools in the cancer field.Currently,the SEER program covers approximately half of the total cancer patients in the US.A growing number of clinical studies have applied the SEER database in various aspects.However,the intrinsic features of the SEER database,such as the huge data volume and complexity of data types,have hindered its application.In this review,we provided a systematic overview of the commonly used methodologies and study designs for retrospective epidemiological research in order to illustrate the application of the SEER database.Therefore,the goal of this review is to assist researchers in the selection of appropriate methods and study designs for enhancing the robustness and reliability of clinical studies by mining the SEER database.

Remarkably different results between two studies from North America on genomic mutations and sensitivity to DNA demethylating agents for myelodysplastic syndromes

Sekeres et al. （1） conducted a multicenter randomized, controlled trial to compare whether azacitidine-based combinations with lenalidomide or vorinostat produce superior overall response rates to azacitidine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes （MDS）. In that trial, 224 patients with higher-risk MDS and 53 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia （CMML） were enrolled and randomly assigned to the ＂azacitidine＂ group, ＂azacitidine plus lenalidomide＂ group or ＂azacitidine plus vorinostat＂ group. The researchers found that patients with MDS treated with azacitidine-based combinations had similar response rate to azacitidine monotherapy. Using genomic mutation analysis, they found that the overall response rate to azacitidine-based treatment was higher for patients with mutations in DNMT3A and lower for those with mutations in SRSF2. Whereas in another study, Welch et al. enrolled 26 patients with MDS and 90 with acute myeloid leukemia （AML） who were treated with decitabine, and they found that patients with TP53 mutations had a higher response rate, but not those with DNMT3A mutations （2）. We propose that this big discrepancy in the conclusions between the two studies might have been caused by the presence of many co-interacting factors, e.g. study aims, DNA demethylating agents, treatment protocols, and patient sources.

Studies on the Absorption of NO_2 by Polyethylene Glycol and the Oxidizing Properties of the Resulting Absorbent Product

PEG (Polyethylene glycol average molecular weight 300) is used as absorbent of NO2. The absorption efficiency is found to reach up to 97%. The absorbing product, PEG NO2, can be used to cleave benzyl ethers mildly and selectively to benzaldehyde and corresponding fatty alcohols, showing that PEG is a valuable oxidizing agent of benzyl ethers. As a carrier of NO2.PEG can be recovered and utilized repeatedly after the oxidation.

Long-term results of laparoscopic fenestration for patients with congenital liver cysts

BACKGROUND: The feasibility and immediate outcome of laparoscopic fenestration for patients with congenital liver cysts have been generally recognized. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term results after laparoscopic fenestration. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 44 patients with congenital liver cysts who had undergone laparoscopic fenestration between June 1998 and December 2004. Among them, 30 were women and 14 men, aged 57 years on average (range 18-76 years). While 14 patients had solitary cysts, 20 had multiple cysts, and 10 had polycystic liver disease. The results of laparoscopic fenestration, including mortality, morbidity, mean postoperative hospital stay, and recurrences of cysts were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no perioperative death and the morbidity rate was 11% (5/44). All complications were treated conservatively. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4 days. A mean follow-up of 57 months showed that the rates of cyst recurrence and symptom recurrence were 9% and 4.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic fenestration as a feasible and safe treatment procedure for patients with congenital liver cysts can yield very good long-term results.

Long-term results of an anatomically implanted hip arthroplasty with a short stem prosthesis (MiniHip^(TM))

AIM To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome nineand ten years after short-stemmed, bone preserving and anatomical hip arthroplasty with the MiniHip^(TM) system. METHODS In a prospective study, 186 patients underwent hip arthroplasty with a partial neck preserving short stem(MiniHip^(TM), Corin). Elderly patients were not excluded from this study, thus the mean age at the time of surgery was 59.3 years(range 32 to 82 years). Surgery and the follow-up assessments were performed at two Centers. Up until now, the mean follow-up was 112.5 ± 8.2 mo. The Oxford Hip Score(OHS) and the Hip Dysfunction Osteoarthritis and Outcome Score(HOOS) was assessed pre-and each year after surgery. The clinical follow-up was accompanied by standardized a.p. and axial radiological examinations. Periprosthetic lucencies, hypertrophies within the Gruen zones one to fourteen were assessed. A subsidence of the stem was investigated according to Morray and heterotopic ossifications were assessed according to Brooker.RESULTS The OHS and HOOS improved from 18 ± 3.3 to 46 ± 2.0 and from 30 ± 8.3 to 95 ± 4.6 points, P < 0.001 respectively. There were no differences regarding age, etiology, friction pairings, etc.,(P > 0.05). Two stems were revised due to a symptomatic subsidence four and twelve months postoperatively. Thus, the survivorship for aseptic loosening at nine to ten years was 98.66%. Including one stem revision due to a symptomatic exostosis, bursitis and thigh pain as well as one revision because of a septic stem loosening, the overall survival for the stem with revision for any reason was 97.32%. Besides one asymptomatic patient, radiological signs of a proximal stress-shielding, such as bone resorptions within the proximal Gruen zones, were not noticed. Findings suggesting a distal loading, e.g., bony hypertrophies or bone appositions of more than 2 mm, were also not detected. CONCLUSION Regarding these first long-term results on the MiniHip^(TM), the implant performed exceedingly well with a high rate of survivorship for aseptic loosening. Our radiological results within the Gruen zones support the design rationale of the Minihip to provide a reliable metaphyseal anchoring with the expected proximal, more physiological load transfer. This might minimize or exclude a stress shielding which might be associated with thigh pain, proximal bone loss and an increased risk of aseptic loosening. The MiniHip^(TM) is a reliable partial-neck retaining prosthesis with good a clinical long-term outcome in younger as well as elderly patients.

Some Preliminary Results on Pilot Study of Global Change in China

On the basis of existing data and research results the changes of life supporting environment in China in the history are briefly described. The differences between regional climate variations and climate jump are the very important features and phenomena in estimating the trend of environmental evolution in the future. Finally, it is pointed out that sensitive zone is an ideal place to study global change. Many evidences show that the response of environmental elements in the sensitive zones to global change events is very obvious, so that much attention should be paid to the study of sensitive zone.

Latest Results on Studying the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Irecently read Studies on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by Prof. Sun Pinghua. With the support ofgovernmental social science fund ing, Prof. Sun wrote the book on the basis of his doctoral thesis. I would like to share my thoughts after read ing this book. After the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was published on Dec. 10, 1948, Chinese scholars and media studied the document and introduced it to China. Since the adoption of the reform and opening up policy three decades ago, and with the building of the socialist legal system with Chinese charac teristics and the deepening of human rights dialogue between China and other countries and international organizations, the academic com munity has shown more interest in studying the document. Examples of such research include Universal Declaration of Human Rights： An Important Milestone of International Human Rights History, by Dong Yunhu （People＇s Daily, Dec. 10, 1998）, Role and Function of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in International Human Rights Law, by Bai Guimei （Peking University Law Journal, vol. 6, 1998）,Cornerstone of International Human Rights Law, by Zhao Jianwen （Legal Research, vol. 2, 1999）, On the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, by Fan Guoxiang （Human Rights, vol.

珠海市出国留学人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体水平监测情况分析

目的 通过监测珠海市出国留学人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体水平,提出成人、青少年麻疹、风疹疫苗接种建议,为卫生健康部门、口岸卫生检疫部门进一步强化麻疹、风疹防控工作提供科学依据。方法 整理珠海市2021年6月至2023年1月期间出国留学人员麻疹、风疹预防接种状况,检测该人群血清样本麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体水平,统计分析出国留学人员麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体总体状况及不同组别人群麻疹、风疹病毒IgG抗体水平差异。结果 314名调查对象中,麻疹、风疹IgG抗体总阳性率分别为69.11%、63.38%。15岁及以下、16~20岁、21~25岁、26~30岁、31~35岁、36岁及以上麻疹抗体阳性率分别为83.33%、72.84%、68.42%、66.67%、78.57%、50.00%,风疹抗体阳性率分别为66.67%、66.67%、61.40%、70.83%、57.14%、61.11%;不同性别之间麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄分组人员在麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率方面差异较小,无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同分属地人员麻疹、风疹IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 珠海地区留学人员麻疹、风疹抗体阳性率总体超过60%,36岁以上人群阳性率偏低,成年人可考虑加强接种麻腮风疫苗。

对比以不同方法分割ROI后弥散张量成像重建咬肌结果

目的 观察不同方法分割ROI后行弥散张量成像(DTI)重建咬肌结果的可重复性及其差异,以及不同咀嚼习惯侧别之间DTI重建咬肌结果的差异。方法 前瞻性纳入25名健康成人,分别基于单层ROI(ROI-1)、三层ROI(ROI-3)及肌肉整体即感兴趣容积(VOI)对咬肌行DTI重建,评估重建DTI结果的观察者内及观察者间可重复性、组间差异、组间相关性及其与脂肪分数(FF)的相关性,分析不同咀嚼习惯侧别间咬肌DTI重建结果的差异。结果 基于ROI-1、ROI-3及VOI以DTI重建咬肌结果可重复性均高(ICC均>0.90)。不同ROI之间,所获纤维束数目(FTN)、纤维束平均长度(MFTL)、纤维束体积(FTV)、平均弥散系数(MD)、轴向弥散系数(AD)及径向弥散系数(RD)差异均有统计学意义(校正P<0.05)。基于以上3种ROI所获DTI结果之间呈正相关(r=0.739~0.994,P均<0.05);其FTN、FTV、MD、RD均与FF呈负相关(r=-0.628~-0.284,P均<0.05)。以各ROI获取的非习惯咀嚼侧咬肌MFTL均短于平衡咀嚼咬肌(P均<0.05)。结论 以不同方法分割ROI所获DTI重建咬肌结果之间存在明显差异及一定相关性,且可重复性高;3种方式均可用于显示非习惯咀嚼侧咬肌纤维束长度改变。

直立倾斜试验操作医师累计工作量对血管迷走性晕厥诊断结果的影响性分析

目的:探讨直立倾斜试验操作医师累计工作量对诊断报告结果的影响。方法:回顾性连续纳入中国医学科学院阜外医院自2016年1月1日至2022年12月31日进行直立倾斜试验检查的操作医师和患者资料。根据从本院开展倾斜试验至研究结束这一阶段医师的累计工作量,将医师分为低累计工作量组(累计50~100例)、中等累计工作量组(累计101~350例)、高累计工作量组(累计1000~4000例;无医师累计工作量在351~999例),以及按医师的的性别、学历、职称分别进行分组,分析不同分组内和不同分组间医师倾斜试验报告诊断率的差异。结果:共纳入22名医师操作的6122例患者,22名医师个体之间的阳性、可疑阳性和阴性报告率差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。中等累计工作量组平均可疑阳性报告率显著高于低累计工作量组和高累计工作量组(3.21%vs.1.09%vs.1.62%,P=0.001),女性医师可疑阳性报告率高于男性医师(2.25%vs.1.07%,P=0.017),本科学历医师可疑阳性报告率高于研究生学历医师(2.46%vs.1.52%,P=0.013),初级职称医师可疑阳性报告率高于中级和高级职称医师(3.40%vs.1.75%vs.2.53%,P=0.024)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,不论以阴性还是阳性作参照,中等累计工作量均是可疑阳性报告的影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论:不同操作医师个体之间的倾斜试验诊断报告率存在一定差异,中等累计工作量组操作医师更易出具可疑阳性诊断报告。

Analysis of cancer-specific survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A evidence-based medicine study

BACKGROUND Metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)is a common malignancy whose treatment has been a clinical challenge.Cancer-specific survival(CSS)plays a crucial role in assessing patient prognosis and treatment outcomes.However,there is still li-mited research on the factors affecting CSS in mCRC patients and their corre-lation.AIM To predict CSS,we developed a new nomogram model and risk grading system to classify risk levels in patients with mCRC.METHODS Data were extracted from the United States Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database from 2018 to 2023.All eligible patients were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort.The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the independent risk factors for CSS.A new nomogram model was developed to predict CSS and was evaluated through internal and external validation.RESULTS A multivariate Cox proportional risk model was used to identify independent risk factors for CSS.Then,new CSS columns were developed based on these factors.The consistency index(C-index)of the histogram was 0.718(95%CI:0.712-0.725),and that of the validation cohort was 0.722(95%CI:0.711-0.732),indicating good discrimination ability and better performance than tumor-node-metastasis staging(C-index:0.712-0.732).For the training set,0.533,95%CI:0.525-0.540;for the verification set,0.524,95%CI:0.513-0.535.The calibration map and clinical decision curve showed good agreement and good potential clinical validity.The risk grading system divided all patients into three groups,and the Kaplan-Meier curve showed good stratification and differentiation of CSS between different groups.The median CSS times in the low-risk,medium-risk,and high-risk groups were 36 months(95%CI:34.987-37.013),18 months(95%CI:17.273-18.727),and 5 months(95%CI:4.503-5.497),respectively.CONCLUSION Our study developed a new nomogram model to predict CSS in patients with synchronous mCRC.In addition,the risk-grading system helps to accurately assess patient prognosis and guide treatment.

立足陶渊明哲学研究,优化《归去来兮辞》思想主旨教学

陶渊明是诗人,更是哲人,其诗文中蕴含着深刻而丰富的哲学思想。论其具体意蕴,根据“陶学”界的一般研究,可大体归纳为“自然”“任化”“养真”等方面内涵。在《归去来兮辞》教学中,可以尝试着以此为路径来优化教学内容,以深入开掘思想意蕴。这是突破时下陶氏诗文教学模式化、扁平化局面的有益尝试,对于提高中学古诗文教学水平,培养学生语文学科四大核心素养也有一定的启示性。

降雨条件下球状风化花岗岩类土质边坡渗流特性与稳定性分析

降雨作为边坡失稳破坏的最常见诱因,在非均质性、非连续性特征显著的球状风化花岗岩类土质边坡中具有更为复杂的影响特征。依托ABAQUS及其二次开发,通过构建降雨条件下球状风化体类土质边坡渗流模型,综合考虑降雨参数的影响,开展了降雨条件下球状风化花岗岩类土质边坡渗流特性与其稳定性研究。研究结果表明:受球状风化体影响,边坡浅层土体更快达到饱和,并且其饱和速率亦受风化体的埋藏深度、“迎雨”面横截面积和含量控制;降雨条件下球状风化花岗岩类土质边坡潜在滑动面仍表现出显著的复杂多样性,存在与无雨状态相似的滑面,也可能拓展形成新的浅层滑面;边坡安全系数与降雨历时和降雨强度为负相关,随着降雨的持续有趋于平缓的趋势,但也能在球状风化体的影响下失去平缓趋势而持续降低;在所设雨型中,渐变递增型对边坡稳定性影响最大。研究成果可为降雨条件下球状风化花岗岩类土质边坡稳定性评价提供科学依据。

藏学中的音乐研究——我国藏族音乐研究现状综述

藏族音乐是藏族文化的重要组成部分,因此藏族音乐研究不仅是藏学研究的重要组成部分,也是人文社会科学领域的重要研究范畴。自20世纪50年代以来,我国藏族音乐研究领域陆续取得了一些阶段性成果,对我国少数民族音乐研究及其学科架构的形成产生了积极作用。随着改革开放,尤其进入新世纪以来,藏族音乐领域的学术研究取得了更加瞩目的成就,研究成果及学科人才的积累都呈现出蓬勃发展的态势。文章以出版的学术著作、博士学位论文及重要集成资料等研究成果作为主要评价坐标,对藏学研究中的音乐研究,即我国藏族音乐研究现状作了概括评述。

病例导入式教学在甲状腺肿瘤临床带教中的应用

目的探究病例导入式教学法应用在甲状腺肿瘤临床带教中对实习医学生考核成绩的影响。方法2020年6月—2021年6月,选取哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院甲状腺外科实习医学生72名,根据随机数字表法分两组,各36名。对照组在临床带教中采取传统教学法,观察组在临床带教中采取病例导入式教学法。比对两组实习医学生考核成绩、对带教工作的满意度以及对带教方法反馈情况等。结果观察组实习医学生考核成绩(88.52±5.35)分,显著高于对照组的(77.56±5.23)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组实习医学生对带教工作的满意度包括带教老师综合能力、带教质量、理论带教、操作示范以及实习管理评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组实习医学生对带教方法反馈情况显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在甲状腺肿瘤临床教学中可应用多种教学方法,病例导入式教学法实施可让实习医学生更全面地掌握理论知识、临床操作技能,将自身整体实践能力提升,可在教学中提升实习医学生的学习兴趣,获得较高的学习成绩。

子宫内膜癌术前诊断性刮宫与术后病理结果的对比研究

目的探讨子宫内膜癌术前诊断性刮宫与术后病理结果的差异。方法回顾性分析70例子宫内膜癌患者临床资料,内容包括主要类型、病理分期及临床分期等,对比子宫内膜癌术前诊断性刮宫与术后病理结果的差异。结果70例子宫内膜癌患者中,术前诊断性刮宫结果确诊60例,诊断确诊率为85.71%(60/70);术前临床分期诊断结果为Ⅰ期34例,Ⅱ期16例,Ⅲ期10例;术后病理分期诊断结果为Ⅰ期30例,Ⅱ期20例,Ⅲ期10例,符合率为86.67%;术前诊断性刮宫组织分级确诊G_(1)级30例,G_(2)级20例,G_(3)级10例,术后病理组织分级确诊G_(1)级19例,G_(2)级28例,G_(3)级13例,符合率为63.33%。结论术前诊断性刮宫与术后病理结果在子宫内膜癌的诊断上存在明显差异,医护人员需借助多种检查方法相结合评估患者病情,以进一步提高诊断准确率。

慈善医疗救助项目的实践成效——基于江苏省R医院近两年申请案例的回顾性研究

目的:通过分析江苏省R医院近两年慈善医疗救助项目申请人的特征,回顾实践开展的成效,为进一步完善慈善医疗救助的实施提供参考。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,对江苏省R医院2020年3月—2022年3月申请慈善医疗救助患者的情况进行分析。结果:根据经济困难病人的需求而对应产生的慈善医疗救助项目在实施过程中存在供过于求、供求不匹配的现象。医院较快的周转率、慈善医疗救助的病种限定、申请流程的复杂以及申请人在经济上的感觉性需求是造成申请人审核未通过的主要原因。结论:慈善医疗救助项目要强化医疗救助申请审核,明确申请条件。对外宣传需清晰有效,做到信息对称。同时也需要根据实际情况适时调整申请方式,帮助到切实需要慈善医疗求助的人。

成果导向对当代电气自动化职业教育的适应性研究

在社会经济发展的带动下,我国已经逐步走上产业化的道路,职业教育作为产业化发展的基石,在教育方法和教育理念方面备受关注。成果导向教育与我国职业教育有着类似的教育理念和目标,因此,研究成果导向教育对我国职业教育的发展十分有利。基于此,本文以电气自动化职业教育为案例,分析成果导向教育在教育理念、教育重心、教育目标等方面的适应性,为我国职业教育的研究和发展提供参考。

准噶尔盆地油气勘探开发成果及前景

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