Food habits and selective grazing of Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) in Hulunber Grassland

The food availability, composition of the diets and selective grazing of the Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) were studied in Hulunber Grassland in Nei Monggol. The food availability of Mongolian gazelle showed seasonal changes. The plant biomass was higher in spring and summer than that in autumn and winter. The fecal compositions of the gazelle demonstrated that fibrous parts occupied 62.4%, 74.8%, and 66.0% in spring, autumn, and winter, respectively. The Mongolian gazelle preferred to grazeCompositeae, Leguminosae, Allium spp. and other forbs in spring and autumn, while the grasses, such asAneurolepidium chinense andStipa spp. were selectively feeding in winter.

FOOD HABITS AND SEASONAL VARIATION OF STOMACH CONTENTS OF TONGUE SOLE CYNOGLOSSUS SEMILAEVIS (GUNTHER) IN THE BOHAI SEA

Examination of the food habits and seasonal variation of the stomach contents of adult tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevisGunther) taken in July 1982-July 1983 from Laizhou Bay and the Huanghe River estuary of the Bohai Sea showed Crustacea, bivalvia and small fishes comprised the main prey. Invertebrates such as polychaeta, cephalopoda, gastropoda, echinodermata and actiniaria were also intermittently found in them. They intensively fed all the year round (monthly feeding rate of over 80%). The main food items were Alpheus japonica, Alpheus distinguendus, Oratosquilla oratorio, Eucrate crenata and Carcinoplax vestitus, etc. In summer and autumn, the portion of bivalvia such as Cultellus attenuatus and Musculus senhousei increased steadily. From summer to winter, a stable proportion of small fishes such as Rhinogobius pflaumi and Setipinna taty was in the diet.

Food Habits of the Grassland Wolf in Inner Mongolia of China

In this paper, food habits of the wolf (Canis lupus) was determined in Inner Monolia, using scat analysis. Results indicated that ungulates were the staple food items(frequency 53.8%, relative biomass 85.2%). In the scats, animals was 40.3% by the frequency of occurrence, and 75.7% by the relative biomass. Compared with the food habits of wolves in Heilongjiang Province, wolves showed a different pattern in prey selection in this ergion. In this study, we estimated the relative biomass of food items, and amount of each prey ingested by a wolf, based on a linear regression equation, y=2.76+0.02x(r=0.997), which was obtained in the feeding trials, It is suggerted that wolves are opportunistic predator. Some suggestions for wolf conservation and management were disussed.

On the intraspecific variability in basal metabolism and the food habits hypothesis in birds

The food habits hypothesis (FHH) stands as one of the most striking and often-cited interspecific patterns to emergefrom comparative studies of endothermic energetics. The FHH identifies three components of diet that potentially produce variabilityin mass-independent BMR, i.e. food quality, food availability, and food predictability or environmental productivity. Thehypothesis predicts that species with diets of low energy content and/or low digestibility should evolve low mass-independentBMRs. The effects of food habits on BMR have been widely investigated at the interspecific level, but the variation between individualsand populations has been largely ignored. Our focus is to compare predictions derived from interspecific studies withdata collected from within-species studies to explore the mechanisms and functional significance of adaptive responses predictedby the food-habits hypothesis among birds. We conclude that if BMR is correlated with daily energy expenditure, then organismsthat can lower BMR will reduce daily energy expenditure and hence, food requirements. Birds that lower BMR in stressful environmentsmay increase survival. Nevertheless, the mechanism (s) by which birds eating a low quality diet reduce BMR andwhether lower BMR affects fitness remain to be

Effects of Food Habits and Lifestyle on Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity among Schoolchildren in Taif Area, KSA

Background/Objectives: The Saudi population has experienced significant transformations in their lifestyle which could be attributed to several factors. Aims: This work sought to determine effects of food habits and lifestyle on prevalence of overweight (OW)/obesity (OB) among schoolchildren in Taif City, KSA. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using well-designed questionnaire. Pretested questionnaire was randomly distributed among schoolchildren in Taif city. Body mass index and waist circumference were used as tools for assessing nutritional status of schoolchildren. Results: A total of 2027 students filled the questionnaire with a mean age of 15.83 ± 2.18 years. The prevalence of OW and OB was 14.6% and 12.9%, respectively, while the combined one was 27.5%. The combined prevalence of OW and OB was significantly higher among boys than girls (31.9 vs. 21.9). Schoolchildren from high income families had high rate of OW and OB. Smoking, stress, TV viewing, daylight and night sleep had no effects on BMI, while only smoking of a family member and stress had considerable relationship with W_C. Unfortunately, 52.2% of students admitted that they were physically inactive but this effect was insignificant for both indicators. Students skipped breakfasts constitute 18.8% of subjects included but link with BMI and W_C was statistically insignificant. Regular soft or diet drinks had significant effects on BMI. Results showed considerable link between consumption of fruits/vegetables, grains and W_C. Conclusions: The prevalence of combined OW/OB among schoolchildren was 27.5%. Family income, participant’s gender, intake of regular soft or diet drinks had significant effects on BMI. While, stress, smoking of a family member, and uptake of fruits and vegetables showed considerable relationship with W_C.

Food Habits of <i>Bryconaethiops boulengeri </i>Pellegrin, 1900 (Characiformes: Alestidae) of Djiri River Tributary of the Right Bank of Congo River

Diet of 300 specimens of Bryconaethiops boulengeri from Djiri River (Congo Brazzaville) caught with cash nets was studied according to the size of fish, sampling stations and hydrological season. Sampling focused on twelve annual withdrawals made during three years. The relative importance index combining numerical and weight percentages of occurrence was calculated and also the sex ratio was evaluated. Bryconaethiops boulengeri consumes terrestrial and aquatic insects and everything that falls into the water (birds feathers, plant debris, fruits, etc.). The percentage of emptiness is 9.66% of the three sampling stations selected;no significant difference in diet was observed whatever the season.

Food habits of <i>Barbus luteus</i>in main outfall drain, Iraq

The alimentary canal contents of 360 Barbus luteus caught from MOD between January 2010 to December 2010 were examined. The phyto-plankton, zooplanktons, detritus, diatoms, insects and unidentified digestive food were identified in the alimentary canal of fish. The results of diet analysis showed that the B. luteus was omnivorous. The species of fish tended to consume more plant origin food. The aquatic plants and tissues were the main part of thier food followed by chlorophyta and cyanophyta. The results revealed that the species obtained or fell their food item from the bed of rivers or near to it.

Study of the Effect of Food Habit, Lifestyle and Daily Trip on Physical and Mental Status of Subjects at Islamic University in Kushtia, Bangladesh

This is a qualitative (study that used framework analysis) to examine by interviews among University personnel who live inside and outside the Islamic University campus in Kushtia, Bangladesh. In the present study, we found that subjects who live inside of the University feel better physically and mentally than the nonresident subjects. It was found that residents are more fit and feel better during and after class time. Resident subjects have less stress and maintain balanced diet for which they have good average BMI value than the nonresident subjects. In addition nonresident subjects have suffered diseases comparatively much more than resident subjects.

Food Behavior Correlated with Lifestyle Pattern and Societal Influences in a Romanian Students Population. Part I: Eating General Habits

Input data from Students Food Behavior, Preference and Lifestyle Questionnaire conducted with 376 students from University “Dunarea de Jos” Galati (UDJG) were analyzed from socio-demographic criteria. The sample socio-demoraphic characteristics of the student population were investigated beside the general food & eating habits by gender. In the current study, most than three quart of students (76.06%) was of correct (normal) weight. Nearly 65.15% of the students reported having regular daily breakfast. The strongest correlation of having breakfast habit is show with the regular meal behaviour [r(3, 4) = 0.242] and regular meals were associated with reduced trends for BMI [r(4, 2) =-0.055].

Food Intake Habit and Cardiovascular Risk

To determine the relationshipof dietary factors to cardiovascular disease, surveys were carried out in 1985 (pilot study) and 1989 (core study) as a part of the International Cooperative Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison (CARDIAC) study. Food pattern was observed and blood pressure was measured with an automatic electronic sphygromanometer. The diet in Guangzhou seems more refined, fresher and offers more variety than that in the other areas in China. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure have risen in the period of socioeco-nomic development. Food intake habits are changing in Guangdong, China, with a trend toward an unhealthy diet which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

饮食运动管理联合健康宣教模式对老年慢性心力衰竭患者的影响

目的:研究饮食运动管理联合健康宣教模式对老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的影响。方法:于我院治疗的124例老年CHF患者按照数字随机表法,被随机均分为常规护理组与联合干预组(常规护理组基础上加用饮食运动管理联合健康宣教模式的干预),两组均干预两个月。比较两组一般临床资料、干预前后左室收缩末期内径(LVESd)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、LVEF、6min步行距离(6MWD)、明尼苏达心衰生活质量量表(MLHFQ)评分及心力衰竭患者自我护理行为量表评分。结果:与常规护理组比较,干预后,联合干预组LVESd[(44.88±4.90)mm比(33.09±3.40)mm]、LVEDd[(54.02±5.49)mm比(48.80±5.50)mm],MLHFQ情绪[(17.44±4.55)分比(7.89±4.54)分]、身体[(31.69±5.73)分比(21.89±6.02)分]、其他评分[(32.12±4.22)分比(13.00±2.84)分]及总分[(81.25±9.28)分比(42.77±8.05)分]均显著缩窄或降低,LVEF[(49.64±4.81)%比(52.32±4.22)%]、6MWD[(352.67±28.79)m比(449.38±23.82)m],自我护理维持[(2.06±0.39)分比(3.26±0.51)分]、自我护理管理[(6.21±1.07)分比(9.65±1.18)分]、自我护理信心评分[(1.06±0.26)分比(3.12±0.56)分]均显著升高(P均=0.001)。结论:饮食运动管理联合健康宣教模式可显著改善老年慢性心力衰竭患者心功能,提高自我管理能力及生活质量。

浅析西餐文化对中餐烹饪和就餐习惯的影响

随着时代的演进和全球化的加剧,西餐文化逐渐渗透到中餐的烹饪艺术和就餐习俗中。因此,本文分析了西餐文化对中餐烹饪和就餐习惯的影响,并提出中餐、西餐的融合建议,旨在促进中餐、西餐共同发展。

Association of depressive symptoms with dietary habits among Japanese physicians

The aim of this study was to determine the association of depressive symptoms with dietary habits among physicians working in hospitals in Japan. We mailed an anonymous questionnaire with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and items about dietary habits to 10,000 randomly selected physicians. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of depressive symptoms with dietary habits. The participants comprised 3862 physicians (3025 men and 837 women). Among the respondents, 252 (8.3%) men and 88 (10.5%) women were determined to be in depressive symptoms. For men, “never eat a balanced diet” (Odds ratio;95% confidence interval, 2.54;1.70 - 3.80), and for women “eat quite small meals” (3.81;1.14 - 13.1), “always eat until full” (4.40;1.48 - 13.1), and “never eat a balanced diet” (3.05;1.49 - 6.23) were associated with depressive symptoms. For men, “do not eat too much” (0.57;0.39 - 0.83) was associated with prevention of depression. Physicians should recognize the important role of healthy dietary habits in good mental health. Hospitals should intervene to help physicians address depressive symptoms and dietary habits.

Dietary habits of colorectal neoplasia patients in comparison to their first-degree relatives

AIM:To compare the dietary habits between colorectal neoplasia patients,their first-degree relatives,and unrelated controls.METHODS:From July 2008 to April 2011,we collected epidemiological data relevant to colorectal cancer from patients with colorectal neoplasias,their first-degree relatives,and also from a control group consisting of people referred for colonoscopy with a negative family history of colorectal cancer and without evidence of neoplasia after colonoscopic examination.The first-degree relatives were divided into two groups following the colonoscopic examination:(1)patients with neoplasia or(2)patients without neoplasia.Dietary habits of all groups were compared.Aχ2 test was used to assess the association between two dichotomous categorical variables.RESULTS:The study groups consisted of 242 patients with colorectal neoplasias(143 men,99 women;mean age:64±12 years)and 160 first-degree relatives(66men,94 women;mean age:48±11 years).Fifty-five of the first-degree relatives were found to have a neoplastic lesion upon colonoscopy,while the remaining105 were without neoplasia.The control group contained 123 individuals with a negative family history for neoplastic lesions(66 men,57 women;mean age:54±12 years).Two hypotheses were tested.In the first,the dietary habits of first-degree relatives with neoplasia were more similar to those of patients with neoplasia,while the dietary habits of first-degree relatives without neoplasia were similar to those of the control group.In the second,no sex-related differences in dietary habits were expected between the particular groups.Indeed,no significant differences were observed in the dietary habits between the groups of patients,controls and first-degree relatives with/without neoplastic lesions.Nevertheless,statistically significant sex-related differences were observed in all groups,wherein women had healthier dietary habits than men.CONCLUSION:In all groups examined,women had healthier dietary habits than men.Modification of screening guidelines according to sex may improve the efficiency of screening programs.

Causal relationships between survival rates, dietary and lifestyle habits, socioeconomic status and physical, mental and social health in elderly urban dwellers in Japan: A chronological study

Life expectancy was well known to associate with lifestyle habits, socioeconomic condition, and three health-related dimensions (physical, mental and social health status). However, the causal effect relationship among these variables remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the causal relationships among health and life conditions, socioeconomic status, dietary and lifestyle habits and three health-related dimensions in elderly urban dwellers in Tokyo, Japan. Of 16,462 eligible elderly individuals aged 65 years and older, 13,195 participants responded to the questionnaire survey conducted in September 2001 (a response rate of 80.2%). A follow-up survey was conducted in September 2004 and a total of 8162 survivors were followed until the end of August 2007 through the municipal resident's registry. Exploratory factor analysis defined five latent variables based on the 13 observed variables. From a cross-lagged effects variation model using structural equation modeling, causal relationships were analyzed using longitudinal data obtained at the 2001 and 2004 survey and the number of survival days between 2004 and 2007. After estimating a best-fit model, we discovered that health and life conditions were not determined by current dietary and lifestyle habits, which many studies showed. However, the conditions were more directly affected by three health-related dimensions three years earlier, and indirectly affected by educational attainment and previous annual income as well. The current model suggests that it might be of great importance for elderly individuals to emphasize the maintenance of psychological well being, physical activity, social communication and participation, as well as income, rather than focusing on improvements in diet and health-related lifestyles per se.

若尔盖高寒草地植物黄酮、多酚含量季节性变化及其对高原鼠兔食性的影响

【目的】分析植物次生代谢物对高原鼠兔食性的影响,为明确草地啮齿动物采食策略及利用食性调控害鼠种群密度提供理论依据。【方法】于植物返青期(5月初)、生长旺盛期(8月初)和枯黄期(10月底)分别采集若尔盖高寒草地地上植物及高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)粪便样品,利用粪便显微组织学分析法确定高原鼠兔的季节性食性组成与地上植物黄酮、多酚含量的关系。【结果】在鼠类扰动草地中,高原鼠兔采食植物物种占总物种的40%,其中,垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)和鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)在每个季节的食物选择指数均达到喜食标准(PI>1.0),是高原鼠兔的优选食物。高原鼠兔在生长旺盛期采食多样性减小,禾本科植物采食占比达65.46%;枯黄期食性泛化,且植物黄酮、多酚可抑制高原鼠兔采食,当植物多酚含量>13 g/kg时,高原鼠兔的采食量会减少。【结论】在鼠荒地植被改良及综合治理过程中,采用多物种混播模式提高物种多样性,同时选择黄酮、多酚含量高的植物来降低高原鼠兔种群数量。

父母饮食素养与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的关系

目的:探究父母饮食素养与儿童情绪行为问题的关系,以及儿童饮食行为和父母陪伴在二者关系中的作用。方法:在青岛、大连、沈阳选取750名3~6岁儿童的父母,采用营养知识问卷、儿童饮食行为问卷、儿童长处和困难问卷(SDQ)(父母版)测量父母饮食素养、儿童饮食行为和儿童情绪行为问题。用SPSSPROCESS程序考察有调节的中介效应。结果:父母饮食素养得分与SDQ儿童情绪问题得分(β=-0.11,P<0.01)、品行问题得分(β=-0.15,P<0.001)、亲社会行为得分(β=-0.11,P<0.001)和同伴交往问题得分(β=-0.09,P<0.05)均负向关联。儿童饮食行为在父母饮食素养与儿童情绪症状、品行问题、亲社会行为、同伴交往问题之间起中介作用(β=-0.04、-0.03、0.02、-0.03,均P<0.05),父母陪伴对儿童饮食行为与儿童情绪问题的关系起调节作用(β=-0.17,P<0.05)。结论:父母饮食素养可能既能与儿童情绪行为问题有直接关联,也可以通过儿童饮食行为与儿童情绪行为问题有间接关联。父母陪伴在儿童饮食行为和儿童情绪问题的关系中起调节作用。

饮食行为与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的关系

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的患病率逐年攀升,对全球公共卫生造成重大负担。NAFLD发病与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、饮食等因素息息相关,其中饮食是NAFLD防治的核心与基石。鉴于既往研究侧重于不同饮食成分、结构、方案与NAFLD的关系,而较少探讨整体饮食行为对NAFLD的影响。故本文将饮食行为对NAFLD的影响进行综述,旨在为NAFLD的防治及指导患者合理饮食行为习惯提供参考依据。

叶尔羌河叶尔羌高原鳅摄食生态策略研究

采用解剖学、光学显微观察法及组织切片学方法,对2020年4月—2021年5月在叶尔羌河采集的体长范围为6~14 mm、体重范围为2.0~13.4 g的153尾(其中用于食性分析的为144尾,消化腺组织观察的为9尾)叶尔羌高原鳅(Triplophysa yarkandensis)进行了食性研究。结果表明叶尔羌河叶尔羌高原鳅为杂食性偏肉型鱼类;解剖发现叶尔羌河叶尔羌高原鳅空肠率月变化最高值出现在9月(90.00%),最低值出现在2月和3月(0.00%);镜检食物团发现鱼类是其主要饵料,其次是水生昆虫和虾等,水生植物类极少;组织形态学研究发现,其消化道是由口咽腔、食道、胃和肠(前肠、中肠、后肠)4部分组成;消化腺为肝胰脏,胰腺弥散分布在肝脏中;肠短,肠长与体长比值约为1,综上所述,其组织形态学特征与杂食性偏肉型鱼类相似。此研究为叶尔羌河叶尔羌高原鳅与生境协同进化机制的研究和种质资源养护提供生物学依据。