Problems of Rural Food Safety and Strategies of Constructing Supervision System

This paper expounds the practical necessity of constructing diversified rural food safety supervision system as follows: it is the necessary requirements of guaranteeing people's health and life safety; it is an important component of governmental function of social management and the logical extension of administrative responsibilities; it is the basis of maintaining order of rural society and constructing harmonious society. The main problems existing in the supervision of rural food safety are analyzed as follows: first, the legislative work of rural food safety lags behind to some extent; second, the supervision of governmental departments on rural food safety is insufficient; third, the industrial supervision mechanism of rural food security is not perfect; fourth, the role of rural social organizations in supervising food safety is limited; fifth, the farmers' awareness of food safety supervision is not strong. Based on these problems, the targeted strategies of constructing diversified rural food safety supervision system are put forward as follows: accelerate the legislation of rural food safety, and ensure that there are laws to go by; give play to the dominant role of government, and strengthen administrative supervision on rural food safety; perfect industrial convention of rural food safety, and improve industrial supervision mechanism; actively support the fostering of social organizations, and give play to the role of supervision of organizations; cultivate correct concept of rights and obligations of farmers, and form awareness of food safety supervision.

Comparison and Enlightenment of China's and EU's Food Safety Supervision Systems

Food is the paramount necessity of the people,and safety is most essential for food. Food safety is related to people's fundamental interests,affecting people's basic health. It is an important factor in promoting people's livelihood development and social progress. Compared with European countries and the United States in developed food safety supervision systems,the development of food safety supervision system in China is still relatively backward. As food safety supervision is not in place,food safety incidents have occurred in recent years,so that public's panic about food safety has intensified. It has a strong impact on social stability and the food economy. Thus,strengthening the construction of food safety supervision system is imperative. Since experiencing a series of food safety incidents,the EU has gradually improved its food safety supervision system and has developed the most comprehensive and mature food safety supervision system in the world. On the basis of sorting out the characteristics of EU's food safety supervision system,the development direction of China's food safety supervision system is proposed from four aspects: supervisor,legal system,law enforcement ability and safety standards.

Research on the Status Quo and Supervision Mechanism of Food Safety in China

Food safety supervision mechanism is a strong guarantee to promote the smooth implementation of China's food safety laws and regulations,and it is implemented through legal,administrative,economic,moral and other integrated policy instruments,as well as media publicity,quality traceability,network tracking,information disclosure and other non-administrative means. Along with strengthening supervision and control means,the people's food safety in China is safeguarded,and the healthy development of the food industry is promoted.

The Impact of Government Supervision and Consumer Purchasing Behavior on Food Safety

This paper aims at the theoretical analysis to the impact of government supervision and consumer purchasing behavior on food quality security, so as to look for safety strategies and measures to strengthen and improve the level of food safety in China. Reputation mechanism is introduced and Bayesian approach is based on, in which government supervision as well as consumer purchasing behavior is taken as crucial factors to impact on the food quality security. As to the proposed quantitative indicators, government supervision includes exposure rate, fine and etc.;at the same time, consumer purchasing behavior includes consumer’s WTP for security food and consumer expectations to food safety. Taking China’s dairy industry as an example, it makes simulation by Netlog. The results show that consumer purchasing behavior alone has little effect on the dairy companies’ decision-making to be honest or counterfeiting enterprises. However, combination government supervision with purchasing behavior has great impact, and plays very good effects on food safety.

Study on Communication Effect of Food Safety Risk in Social Media:the Influence of Response Effort Level on Consumption Willingness Change

By constructing influence model for communication effect of food safety risk in social media environment,the influences of different response manners taken by relevant enterprises on consumers' cognition and purchasing intention are analyzed,and influence mechanisms of response effort level,interaction and content reliability on consumers' attitudes are revealed. Based on quasi-experimental study with three kinds of response effort levels,it is found that content reliability,interaction and effort degree of enterprise response under negative information of food safety event have significant impacts on communication effect and consumers' purchasing intention.

Analysis of Food Safety Supervision and Spot-Check in Sichuan Province in 2019

Through the analysis on 211614 batches of samples from 35 categories of food safety supervision and inspection in Sichuan Province by Administration for Market Regulation of Sichuan Province in 2019,four suggestions were finally put forward.The analysis results showed that in 2019,the overall trend of food safety in Sichuan Province was stable and improved.A total of 30 categories of unqualified samples were detected,and a total of 12135 batches of unqualified samples were detected,with an average sample unqualified rate of 5.73%.Among them,the main problems of unqualified samples were as follows:the use of food additives beyond the scope and limit,accounting for 40.17%of the total number of unqualified samples,microbial contamination in food,accounting for 23.61%of the total unqualified samples,the residue index of agricultural and veterinary drugs in food not meeting the standard,accounting for 15.61%of the total unqualified samples,the quality index in food not meeting the standard,accounting for 8.51%of the total number of unqualified samples,and heavy metals and other pollutants in food exceeding the standard,accounting for 7.10%of the total unqualified samples.

FOOD SAFETY CONTROL SYSTEM IN CHINA

Most countries have expended much effort to develop food safety control systems to ensure safe food supplies within their borders. China, as one of the world's largest food producers and consumers, pays a lot of attention to food safety issues. In recent years, China has taken actions and implemented a series of plans in respect to food safety. Food safety control systems including regulatory, supervisory, and science and technology systems, have begun to be established in China. Using, as a base, an analysis of the current Chinese food safety control system as measured against international standards, this paper discusses the need for China to standardize its food safety control system. We then suggest some policies and measures to improve the Chinese food safety control system.

Problems and Suggestions on the Blacklist Policy of Food Safety

In order to increase the illegal credit cost and social cost of companies,blacklist policies for food factories came into being. According to international experiences,blacklist policy,as a systematic project,is compatible with law and regulations,social credit system,and social observation movement. This paper reviewed the international experiences in blacklist policies and analyzed the existing problems in blacklist policies. In addition,three constructive suggestions were proposed in this paper.

Are social embeddedness associated with food risk perception under media coverage?

Traceability system has received wide attention in solving food safety issues, via which food information could be tracked back to producer/farmers. Consumers need to obtain this information from producers or social networks, trust in the information,and consequently assess perceived risks, especially when food scandals are exposed to the media. In this study, we introduce the social embeddedness theory to understand how consumers’ social activities affect their risk perceptions on traceable food. Specifically, we investigate how risk perceptions are predicted by the interpersonal relationships, organizational level and social-level relationships. Results show that the interpersonal relationships were associated with lower levels of risk perceptions, while organizational and social relationships impacted consumer’s risk perceptions at middle and higher levels,respectively. Results also show that the "ripple effect" extended to effect of risk events with negative information, however,did not exist for the group exposed to positive information. Potential food safety implications have been proposed to identify for effective risk mitigation under media coverages.

Governance Logic and Basic Systems of the New “Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China”: a Focus on Social Co-Governance

To modernize food safety governance, we must carry out basic restructuring of its internal logic at the national level to reflect the features of contemporary Chinese society that shape food safety. This will entail establishing an overarching, macro-level conception of food safety that integrates ＂baseline safety＂, ＂hub safety＂, ＂co-constructed safety＂ and ＂endogenous safety＂. These four dimensions of safety represent four fundamental requirements of food safety governance in modern Chinese society, which is a ＂risk society＂（Beck 1992） and one that is also complex, open and pluralist. These requirements are： maximum legal liability, a unified, authoritative and efficient supervision system, a concept of social co-governance, and enterprises being the primary entities accountable for food safety. This article uses this analytical framework to interpret the basic contents of the newly revised Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China, and uses a focus on social co-governance to present the institutional highlights of this law and the transformation of the internal logic of food safety governance.

Some Thoughts on Regulating Food Safety in China

The article analyses the current situation of food safety supervision in China, summarizes the deep reason behind the food safety and puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the supervision by using foreign references and advance operations from the legislation,the food safety supervision system and other aspects.

Edible agro-products quality and safety in China

Ensuring an acceptable level of edible agro-products quality and safety is necessary to provide adequate protection for con- sumers. It is the first time that we analyzed the edible agro-products quality and safety issues in the supply chain, including production, processing, circulation, and consumption. The results indicate that the agro-products quality and safety levels improves steadily, and the supervision system and standardization system are both enhanced significantly, however, certain challenges still remain in each stage of the supply chain and the entire supervision process. Finally, five recommendations regarding four aspects （production, processing, circulation, and consumption） are concluded.

高校食堂食品安全管理存在的问题及对策研究

近年来,高校食堂食品安全事件频发,引起了社会的广泛关注。当前,国家不断出台校园食品卫生安全规范,深入开展校园食品安全排查整治行动,已取得显著成效,但现阶段我国尚未形成完备的校园食品安全管理体系,高校食堂依然是食品安全事故高发的重点领域。鉴于此,本文研究了高校食堂食品安全管理存在的问题及对策,为我国高校食堂食品安全共治共建共享新格局的建立提供参考。

人工智能在食品安全中的最新应用及进展

食品安全关乎国计民生,对社会经济稳健发展和人类健康至关重要。随着食品工业的快速发展与全球化趋势的加速推进,食品安全问题愈发严峻,成为亟待全球共同应对的重大议题。随着科技的飞速进步,以人工智能(AI)为代表的新兴技术在食品安全领域的应用日益广泛,展现出巨大的潜力与价值。AI以其强大的数据处理能力、精准的模式识别与预测分析功能,为食品安全问题预测与监管提供了强有力的技术支持,有效提升了食品安全管理的效率与精确度。AI实现了食品病原体检测与鉴定、新鲜度评估、保质期预测、食品掺假识别及食品安全预警等。本文综述AI在食品安全领域的研究进展。主要介绍AI在食品安全风险因素检测中的应用,尤其聚焦在食品中的微生物污染检测。同时,系统总结AI在食品质量安全评估中的应用,包括食品掺假识别、货架期预测及食品标签真实性检验。此外,阐述AI在食品安全监管中的应用,即食品安全预警系统的构建和食品安全追溯技术的智能化,并讨论当前AI在食品安全领域应用中面临的局限性和未来应用前景,旨在为保障公众健康,促进食品产业健康发展提供支撑。

Pesticide-related Food Safety Risks: Farmers' Self-protective Behavior and Food Safety Social Co-governance

This article investigates the sources of vegetables consumed by farmers, their perception of pesticide-related food safety risks and the behaviors they engage in to protect themselves, and explores the implications for the social co-governance（shehui gongzhi） of food safety emphasized by China’s recent Food Safety Law. The research site is a county in Yunnan Province where vegetable growing is the major source of income and livelihood for local farmers. We surveyed 417 farmers and collected 776 vegetable samples from 377 surveyed farmer households and tested them for organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues using PR-12 N Rapid Detection Instrument for Pesticide Residues. The results showed that farmers know about the risks to food safety caused by pesticides used in vegetable growing and they purposely avoid these risks by mainly consuming vegetables planted in home gardens or private plots that use little or no pesticides. Vegetable samples from these private plots had the lowest positive rate of pesticide residues（6.10%）, compared with vegetable samples from commercial farmland（13.73%） and markets（12.66%）, and the difference was statistically significant（X2=9.69,0.005〈P〈0.010）. This implies that the efforts of farmers to protect themselves from pesticide-related food safety risks do have some effect; however, the effect is limited due to the environmental pollution caused by the massive use of pesticides in commercial vegetable growing. Furthermore, this self-protective behavior may have a negative impact on the social co-governance of food safety set out in the new Food Safety Law.

食品经营企业行政责任主体双罚制分离构想

研究以《食品安全法》第75条为基础,深入探讨了食品经营企业行政责任主体双罚制的分离构想。首先,分析现行行政责任主体双罚制的主要问题和挑战。然后,提出了3个创新的制度设计,包括科技驱动的监管、弹性罚款制度和负责任的供应链管理。在科技驱动的监管部分,探索了如何利用大数据、AI和区块链等现代科技实现更精确、及时和有效的食品安全监管。在弹性罚款制度部分,设计一种罚款制度,其中罚款的大小与违规行为的严重性、企业的规模和财务状况等因素挂钩,以实现更公平和有效的惩罚。在负责任的供应链管理部分,强调了企业应建立全面的食品安全供应链管理制度,以防止供应链中的食品安全问题。

区块链赋能视角下煤矿生产安全监管演化博弈研究

为探究政府监管、社会公众监督和煤矿安全生产的行为选择机制,基于演化博弈理论,构建了政府、社会公众和煤矿三方行为选择演化博弈模型,分析了演化博弈系统中各均衡点的稳定条件,最后探究了三方演化博弈中相关变量对三方行为演化策略选择的影响。研究结果表明:初始策略选择对三方演化稳定有显著影响;政府区块链创新投入成本对理想状态演化具有负向作用;对煤矿违规生产的惩罚力度、区块链直接效益和间接收益以及发生事故后给政府带来的声誉损失对理想状态演化具有正向作用;采用区块链监管可提高社会公众自身获得感,对参与煤矿安全监督具有正向作用。

市售餐饮自制发酵乳卫生质量状况调查分析——以扬州市为例

以扬州市餐饮环节抽取的餐饮自制发酵乳为研究对象,采用国家标准方法对其卫生指标进行检测,并运用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法、分子生物学方法和传统形态学方法对污染微生物指标不合格产品中的污染菌进行分离纯化和鉴定。结果表明:25批次餐饮自制发酵乳的产品不合格率为36%,不合格项目均为微生物指标,其中大肠菌群不合格率为20%、霉菌计数不合格率为8%、酵母计数不合格率为32%。不合格样品的大肠菌群阳性菌株中包含了肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌等多种条件致病菌;不合格样品的霉菌和酵母菌以曲霉属、青霉属、念珠菌属等发酵乳中常见的污染菌为主。调查表明:餐饮企业应重视加工制作过程中的微生物污染问题,监管部门应制定和实施有针对性的餐饮食品抽检计划,同时加强对餐饮自制发酵乳的食品安全监管。

社会治理视域下学校食品安全监管策略研究

学校食品安全问题关乎广大师生切身利益,是社会大众关注的焦点。遵循“结构-运行-保障”的制度逻辑,构建“监管主体-监管方式-监管评价”分析框架,剖析当前学校食品安全监管存在的问题及原因,包括监管主体政策执行疏漏,应对突发事件能力不足;监管体系有待完善,学校食品外包模式有待改进;监管评价的绩效评估体系不完善,监管人的食品安全意识不足等。总结域外相关监管经验,包括完善的法规体系、多层次监管模式、严格的行业准入、严厉的惩罚处罚以及注重校园食品安全教育和家长积极参与的制度等。在此基础上,提出严格落实学校“一把手”责任制,持续完善学校食品安全制度机制,不断健全学校食品安全监督体系,重点加强学校食堂食品外包管理,建设食品安全智慧综合系统平台,健全食品安全突发事件应对机制,加强学校餐饮行业人员安全培训等建议,为改善学校食品安全状况治理提供有效策略。

区块链赋能视角下危险货物道路运输安全监管演化博弈研究

为分析区块链技术在危险货物道路运输安全监管中的应用价值,利用演化博弈法建立由监管方、承运方和托运方构成的三方演化博弈模型,确定收益矩阵和复制动态方程,分析演化博弈系统中各均衡点的稳定条件。利用MATLAB对各利益主体的策略选择进行了动态演化分析,探究三方演化博弈中相关变量对三方演化策略选择的影响。结果表明:区块链的应用成本与各参与方的策略选择呈负相关;应用区块链技术对监管方合规监管、承运方和托运方遵守规定倾向的提升程度及应用区块链时监管方的补贴程度与各方的策略选择呈正相关;监管方责任规避系数与策略选择呈负相关,承运方和托运方的责任附加系数与策略选择呈正相关。