Complex PTSD and Forced Migration of Children and Adolescents from Latin America

In order to provide culturally competent care to children and adolescents that have been subject to forced migration,clinicians must first understand the unique trauma these individuals experienced.Victims of forced migration frequently experience trauma pre-displacement,typically resulting from the same factors that led to the forced migration.They then often experience trau­ma during the migration itself and post-migration as they settle in a new environment,sometimes without their families if they are unaccompanied minors.An increased risk of developing complex PTSD(C-PTSD)correlates with the number of adverse childhood experiences(ACEs)such as those experienced by children and adolescents that experience forced migration.Understanding the nu­ances of these traumas and their specific manifestations for the individual child or adolescent is critical for effective behavioral health support.Trauma signature(TSIG)analysis offers clinicians a method to understand the relationship between traumatic events and the physical and psychological consequences to best support these victims.

Investigation of Micro-mechanical Response of Asphalt Mixtures by a Three-dimensional Discrete Element Model

The micro-mechanical response of asphalt mixtures was studied using the discrete element method. The discrete element sample of stone mastic asphalt was generated first and the vehicle load was applied to the sample. A user-written program was coded with the FISH language in PFC3 D to extract the contact forces within the sample and the displacements of the particles. Then, the contact forces within the whole sample, in asphalt mastic, in coarse aggregates and between asphalt mastic and coarse aggregates were investigated. Finally, the movement of the particles in the sample was analyzed. The sample was divided into 15 areas and a figure was drawn to show how the balls move in each area according to the displacements of the balls in each area. The displacements of asphalt mastic balls and coarse aggregates were also analyzed. The experimental results explain how the asphalt mixture bears vehicle load and the potential reasons why the rutting forms from a micro-mechanical view.

INFLUENCE OF CAPILLARITY ON NANO-LITER FLOWRATE MEASUREMET WITH DISPLACEMET METHOD

Nanoqiter flowrate measurements in micro-tubes with displacement method were performed and the effect of capillarity force on the accuracy was investigated through lab experiments and theoretical analysis in this article. The experiments were conducted under the pressure drops ranging from 1 kPa to 10 kPa in a circular pipe with a diameter of 50 pm, to give the pressure-flowrate （P-Q） relation and verify the applicability of the classical Hagen-Poiseuille （HP） formula. The experimental results showed that there existed a discrepancy between the experimental data and the theoretical values predicted by the HP formula if the capillary effect was not considered, which exceeded obviously the limit of the system error. And hence a modified formula for the relation, taking the capillary effect into account, was presented through theoretical deduction, and after the HP formula had been modified the error was proved to be less than 3%, which was permitted in comparison with the system error. It was also concluded that only by eliminating the effect of the capillary force in experiments could the original HP formula be employed to predict the pressure-flowrate relation in the Hagen-Poiseuille flow in the micro-tube.

Tensile and shearing behaviors of the particle raft

The particle raft is a two-dimensional condensed soft matter,which is composed of hydrophobic solid particles floating on a liquid surface.In this study,we have realized to conduct tension and shear experiments on the particle raft by using the self-assembled loading device.The crack initiation and propagation are observed by the camera,and the curve of the non-dimensional force with respect to the displacement is given.These experimental results have been compared with the particle flow code 3D(PFC3D)simulation,and they are in excellent agreement.It indicates that the particle raft possesses mechanical properties between solid and liquid.These findings provide some inspirations on engineering new devices and new materials at the microscale.