Diversity of filamentous fungi in organic layers of two forests in Zijin Mountain

A study was conducted to evaluate the cultivable filamentous fungal diversity in organic layers (L, F, and H layers) and A1 layer of two main forest types, Pinus massoniana and Liguidambar formasana mixed forest and Quercus variabilis forest, in Zijin Mountain(325?N, 11848?E), Nanjing, China. A total of 67 taxa comprising 56 Deuteromycetes, 3 Zygomycetes, 5 Asco-mycetes and 3 unidentified fungi were recognized from samples from the forest floor of the two forest types. The most abundant group was Deuteromycetes. The dominant genera in both forests were Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma spp. The fungal diversity was higher in the mixed forest than that in Q. variabilis forest. For both forest types, the maximum fungal diversity was found in layer F and there existed significantly different in fungal diversity between layer F and layer L. In the mixed forest, richness of fungi isolated from needle litter (P. massoniana) was lower than that from leaf litter (L. formasana). The richness of fungi from needle litter increased with the in-crease of forest floor depth, but for leaf litter, the fungal diversity decreased with the depth of forest floor. The co-species of fungi from the two forest types, as well as from two kinds of litters in mixed forest, increased with the depth of the forest floor. The succession of fungi along with the process of decomposition was discussed here. The results also showed that litter quality was a critical factor affecting fungal diversity.

A Study on Strategy and Method of Acquisition of the Second Foreign Language

With the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008 and the World Exposition Shanghai China 2010,English,next to our mother tongue,has become the most important language in China.Therefore,learning English well is very important for most Chinese people.However,learning a foreign language well is not easy.We have to master several learning strategies and methods to learn it successfully.This paper will help all the foreign language learners to find the effective way in learning the second foreign languge.The paper mainly talks about two aspects:improving the abilities in listening,speaking and reading in order to communicate well;developing the ability of writing in English and perfecting the function of social communication.It gives out the concrete methods in listening,speaking,reading,writing,and translating.The authors hope that the paper would be helpful in assisting the foreign language learners to learn and master the second foreign language.

Serpentinized Peridotites at the North Part of the Wadi Allaqi District(Egypt): Implications for the Tectono-Magmatic Evolution of Fore-arc Crust

The Neoproterozoic Allaqi-Heiani suture （800-700 Ma） in the south Eastern Desert of Egypt is the northernmost linear ophiolitic belt that defines an arc-arc suture in the Arabian- Nubian shield （ANS）. The Neoproterozoic serpentinized peridotites represent a distinct lithology of dismembered ophiolites along the Allaqi-Heiani suture zone. The alteration of peridotites varies, some contain relicts of primary minerals （Cr-spinel and olivine） and others are extremely altered, especially along thrusts and shear zones, with development of talc, talc-carbonate and quartz-carbonate. The fresh cores of the chromian spinels are rimmed by ferritchromite and Cr- magnetite. The fresh chromian spinels have high Cr# （0.62 to 0.79）, while Mg# shows wider variation （0.35-0.59）. High Cr# in the relict chromian spinels and Fo content in the primary olivines indicate that they are residual peridotites after extensive partial melting. The studied ophiolitic upper mantle peridotites are highly depleted and most probably underwent high degrees of partial melting at a supra-subduction zone setting. They can be produced by up to -20%-22% dynamic melting of a primitive mantle source. The mineralogical and geochemical features of the studied rocks reflect that the mantle peridotites of the north part of the Wadi Allaqi district are similar to the fore-arc peridotites of a supra-subduction zone.

Screening and Identification Differentially Displayed Genes in Fore Stomach Carcinoma of Mice

Objective： To screen and identify key genes differentially displayed in mouse fore stomach carcinoma, in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying carcinogenesis. Methods： The animal models complied with each period of NIH mouse fore stomach carcinoma induced by N-Nitrososarcosineethylester （NSEE） were used in this study. The mice were euthanized on days 14, 28, 56, 77 and 84, respectively, after NSEE-piped treatment, and classified according to their pathologies. The differentially expressed genes were isolated from both normal and morbid tissues by mRNA differential display technique and screened by using Reverse Northern blot. Bioinformatics were employed to analyze the results observed. After identification, ten fragments were cloned and matched with GENEBANK database through homologous analysis. Results： One gene was found identical to splicing factor 3b subunit 1 （Sf3bl）, while seven fragments hold the homology of known cDNA clones. In contrast, other two fragments had extremely low identity to any genes registered in GENBANK databases. Conclusion： It is the first time to demonstrate in this study that splicing factor3b, subunitl （Sf3bl） is related to mouse fore stomach carcinoma. Furthermore, ESC-3 and ESC-4 are suggested to contribute to the development of mouse fore stomach carcinoma, thus may be candidates of new targets of oncogenes.

Evaluation of the Land Production Potential in the Context of Returning Farmland to Forest in Karst Region:A Case Study of Guizhou Province

In this paper, we take Guizhou Province (the heart of southwestern Karst region in China) as the research object. By establishing gray forecasting model and time series forecasting model, we conduct the accuracy test on the actual production capacity of land and the forecasted production capacity of land in 2007 and 2008, and then conduct comprehensive forecast of the land production potential in Guizhou Province in 2020. On this basis, considering the nutritional standards needed by three kinds of life type (dressing warmly and eating one's fill, well-off life, relatively affluent life), we evaluate the land production potential in Guizhou Province under the project of returning farmland to forest. Based on the evaluation results, we put forth the relevant recommendations for achieving sustainable land use in the context of returning farmland to forest in Guizhou Province.

Tectono-magmatic evolution of Tethyan oceanic lithosphere in supra subduction zone fore arc regime:Geochemical fingerprints from crust-mantle sections of Naga Hills Ophiolite

The Naga Hills Ophiolite(NHO)belt in the Indo-Myanmar range(IMR)represents a segment of Tethyan oceanic crust and upper mantle that was involved in an eastward convergence and collision of the Indian Plate with the Burmese Plate during the Late Cretaceous-Eocene.Here,we present a detailed petrological and geochemical account for the mantle and crustal sections of NHO,northeastern India to address(i)the mantle processes and tectonic regimes involved in their genesis and(ii)their coherence in terms of the thermo-tectonic evolution of Tethyan oceanic crust and upper mantle.The NHO suite comprises well preserved crustal and mantle sections discretely exposed at Moki,Ziphu,Molen,Washelo and Lacham areas.The ultramafic-mafic lithologies of NHO are mineralogically composed of variable proportions of olivine,orthopyroxene,clinopyroxene and plagioclase.The primary igneous textures for the mantle peridotites have been overprinted by extensive serpentinisation whereas the crustal section rocks reflect crystal cumulation in a magma chamber.Chondrite normalised REE profiles for the cumulate peridotite-olivine gabbro-gabbro assemblage constituting the crustal section of NHO show flat to depleted LREE patterns consistent with their generation from depleted MORB-type precursor melt in an extensional tectonic setting,while the mantle peridotites depict U-shaped REE patterns marked by relative enrichment of LREE and HREE over MREE.These features collectively imply a dual role of depleted MORB-type and enriched arc-type mantle components for their genesis with imprints of melt-rock and fluid-rock interactions.Tectonically,studied lithologies from NHO correspond to a boninitic to slab-proximal Island Arc Tholeiite affinity thereby conforming to an intraoceanic supra subduction zone(SSZ)fore-arc regime coherent with the subduction initiation process.The geochemical attributes for the crustal and mantle sections of NHO as mirrored by Zr/Hf,Zr/Sm,Nb/Ta,Zr/Nb,Nb/U,Ba/Nb,Ba/Th,Ba/La and Nd/Hf ratios propound a two-stage petrogenetic process:(i)a depleted fore arc basalt(FAB)type tholeiitic melt parental to the crustal lithologies was extracted from the upwelling asthenospheric mantle at SSZ fore-arc extensional regime thereby rendering a refractory residual upper mantle;(ii)the crust and upper mantle of the SSZ fore arc were progressively refertilised by boninitic melts generated in response to subduction initiation and slab-dehydration.The vestiges of Tethyan oceanic lithosphere preserved in NHO represent an accreted intra-oceanic fore arc crust and upper mantle section which records a transitional geodynamic evolution in a SSZ regime marked by subduction initiation,fore arc extension and arc-continent accretion.

Curriculum Discourse and Foreign Language Teachers'Professional Development

The significance and status of the teachers'professional development make the education system and the society pay more and more attentions.The article elaborates the internal contact of curriculum discourse and teachers'professional development from a few respects such as the rationality of curriculum discourse,the long-term nature of the teachers'professional development and many factors affecting the teachers'professional development.The article also analyzes the external and internal factors influencing Tibet foreign language teachers'professional development,and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures in the light of these problems.

EXPRESSION OF PCNA,AKP AND ACP DURING DEVELOPMENT OF MOUSE FORE STOMACH CARCINOMA

Objective： To find out the relationship of the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA）, alkaline phosphotase （alkaline phosphotase, AKP） and acid phosphotase （acid phosphotase, ACP） with the development of mouse fore stomach cancerization. Methods： The animal models, including the various stages during the development of NIH mouse fore stomach carcinoma, were made by N-Nitrososarcosineethylester （N-Nitrososarcosineethylester, NSEE）. The mice were sacrificed on the 14th, 28th, 42nd, 56th, 70th and 84th days respectively after mice were irrigated with NSEE. The fore stomach was taken out and dissected. The methods of histopathology, immunohistochemistry and isoenzyme electrophoresis were adopted to study the dynamic changes of cell shape and expression of PCNA, AKP and ACP. Results： On the 42nd and 56th days after NSEE treatment, the expression of PCNA increased gradually along with the cancerization. Comparing with the control, there were significant differences （P〈0.05）. On the 70th and 84th days, the expression of PCNA increased further （compared with the control P〈0.01）. The activity of AKP increased gradually along with the cancerization. On the 14th, 28th, 42nd and 56th days, there were significant differences （P〈0.05）; on the 70th and 84th days, the activity of AKP increased further （P〈0.01）. The activity of ACP also increased on the 14th, 28th, 42nd and 56th days, and there were significant differences on the 70th days （P〈0.05） and on the 84th days （P〈0.01） compared with the control. Conclusion： During the carcinogenesis of NIH mouse fore stomach, the expressions of PCNA, AKP and ACP increased gradually and were consisted with the changes of cell shapes.

FORES系统存在的问题及解决办法

林业部科技情报中心和中国林科院森计中心联合开发的《全国林业中文科技文献检索系统(FORES)》,不失为一个系统功能强、标准化程度高、值得推广的系统。但它同其他任何系统一样,会不可避免地出现一些错误。今就其中存在的一点问题进行剖析,并提出相应的解决办法。1 问题的发现在进行资料输入时。

FORE模型:乡村小学校本教研的危机与重构

校本教研是一线教师立足于解决工作中的实际问题,改进教育教学行为的重要途径。但在目前的实施中还不尽如人意,存在改进的必要性。通过对校本教研现状危机的调查和分析,提出基于FORE模型的校本教研形式,以教师的问题为指向,以灵活的扁平结构组织实施,激活教师的研修动力,在实践中实现校本教研的真实价值。

Fore-aft asymmetry of the ~2H(n,γ)~3H at very low energies

We have used the recent effective field theory （EFT） which is constructed from two- and three-nucleon interactions, using minimal substitution in the momentum dependence of these interactions. We present the calcula- tions of the fore-aft asymmetry of γ-rays in the reaction 2H（n,γ）3H which are based on EFT up to next-to-next-to leading order （N2LO）. The results are compared with the recently reported calculations and measurements of the fore-aft asymmetry of T-rays from neutron-deuteron radiative capture. The calculated fore-aft asymmetry of the nd radiative capture process above deuteron breakup threshold is in good agreement with the available experimental data up to 20 MeV.

Fore!高尔夫

一南夷市位于国家规划的经济开发区腹心地带,尽管眼下各地都被承接产业转移喧嚣得十分厉害,内地南下东南亚通道上串连起来的都市,抢地开发热潮一浪高过一浪,但这处古代要冲仍然像一个小小的高原岛国,人们自由、平静、恬适地生活着。然而,两天前却一反往日的安宁,似乎这偏安一域也陡然掀起了十二级台风。准确一点说,新任局长的一把火烧开了人们闭锁的心扉,于是人们的灵魂深处再也平静不下来,

积极的阐释与消极的阐释

文本解读是人文学科的基本方法,文学阐释的很大一部分是对文学文本的阐释。“积极的阐释”与“消极的阐释”是文学阐释的两种理论姿态。“积极的阐释”频繁出场不仅是由于现代阐释学的转向,而且与理论的推动存在密切关系。文学之所以成为“积极的阐释”最为活跃的一个区域,很大程度上是因为阐释的理性语言与感性体验不对称。“积极的阐释”放弃文本的有机整体观念,并时常跨越审美愉悦的羁绊而另行制造各种新的话题。“历史语境”既是阐释发生变化的依据,也是阐释稳定持续的依据。多数“积极的阐释”作为失败的思想实验而沉没,而少数“积极的阐释”则可能充当某种文化革命的先声。

不同构造环境下蛇纹岩化作用的对比——以西南天山和北祁连造山带为例

蛇纹石含水量约为13%,是地球上重要的含水矿物,广泛分布于洋底、俯冲带、弧前等环境。同时,海水、俯冲带衍生流体中的活动性元素(B、Li、As、Sb、Pb、Cs、U、Sr、Ba)也可随蛇纹石化作用而富集在蛇纹石中。因此,蛇纹石可以作为流体和流体活动性元素的载体参与不同的地质过程。然而,不同的构造环境有不同的温度压力、水岩比值、流体性质、氧化还原条件。不同环境下的蛇纹石化作用,不仅会形成不同种类的蛇纹石(例如利蛇纹石,叶蛇纹石),也有可能会导致蛇纹石的元素富集特征不同,这就需要进一步研究流体活动性元素的地球化学行为和元素富集特征。基于对世界范围内不同环境蛇纹岩数据资料的整理分析,结合西南天山和祁连山两个典型造山带的蛇纹岩样品,我们发现深海蛇纹岩与俯冲带蛇纹岩,B、Ba、Cs表现出不同的富集特征:①深海蛇纹岩具有明显更高的B元素含量,可能反映了B在低温下更容易进入到蛇纹岩中;②俯冲带以及弧前环境下形成的蛇纹岩由于可能有沉积物的输入,Ba、Cs的含量相对较高。这一结论有助于以后通过蛇纹岩的元素地球化学特征反演其相对的构造环境。

基于麻雀搜索算法与随机森林融合模型的个人信用评估

针对如何准确评估复杂的用户信用问题,提出一种基于麻雀搜索算法的随机森林(SSA-RF)模型,利用SSA优化RF模型中决策树和最小节点数,并基于优化后的RF模型对数据样本进行分类,并评估所提模型和传统模型的性能.研究结果表明:SSA-RF模型具备较高的准确性.

文生视频模型Sora的时间性结构分析——对生成式人工智能的现象学思考

近日,OpenAI推出了代表了目前文生视频最高水平的模型Sora,成为生成式人工智能发展史上的里程碑。然而,Sora还是存在着一些技术上的缺陷和不足。从时间现象学角度看,Sora外在时间结构“阵容”残缺,只有客观时间,没有主观时间和内在时间意识,导致其无法描述人类的心理时间,不能解释事件的因果关系和建构复杂有意义的事件及情节。此外,滞留和前摄的缺席,导致其无法连接动作和结果;缺少内在时间性动态生成结构的介入,Sora亦难以展现随着时间推移而发生的事件。因此,从技术层面增加数据模型的意向性实践和提升意向性设计的算量、算法,完善内外两个时间性结构,成为提升Sora现实表现的关键。

油茶果壳籽实时分选系统设计与试验

为了实现油茶果脱壳后果壳与茶籽的高效分选,进行了油茶果壳籽分选装置上料模块、视觉采集模块、执行模块和控制系统的设计。其中,整体装置采用一种阵列式凹槽传送机构,避免执行喷吹时产生对茶籽的带出干扰。利用有效的图像预处理方法获取壳籽目标,并提取目标图像的颜色及纹理信息共18个;考虑到分选的高效实时性,进一步对特征参数实施Spearman相关性分析,将特征减少至6个,建立随机森林分类模型,并与K最邻近分类算法(KNN)、支持向量机(SVM)及偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)模型进行对比,发现随机森林模型的分类效果最佳。试验中,分选系统识别准确率达到95.5%,平均检测时间为41.9ms,分选速率达20个/s,表明系统实现了油茶果的壳籽高效率实时分选。

游离腓骨瓣嵌合腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复跖骨缺损并重建前足及足弓

目的探讨游离腓骨瓣嵌合腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复跖骨缺损并重建前足及足弓的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2012年8月-2022年8月收治的12例前足单一跖骨或多发跖骨伴周围皮肤软组织缺损患者的临床资料,从健侧截取腓骨瓣嵌合腓动脉穿支皮瓣,对腓骨瓣修整或折叠后固定缺损处,断端间隙填充骨诱导修复材料,修复重建前足及足弓。术后随访12~24个月,平均18个月。结果术后12例皮瓣均成活,皮瓣外观良好,色泽红润,质地柔软,无臃肿,皮瓣两点辨别觉均值7.4 mm。11例伤口一期愈合,1例延迟愈合;腓骨瓣在3~6个月内获得骨性愈合,骨性愈合时间平均为4.3个月。末次随访患肢功能根据Enneking评分系统评价为21~30分,平均27.4分。结论采用游离腓骨瓣嵌合腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复前足跖骨伴皮肤软组织损伤,重建前足及足弓,可达到修复与重建前足形态与功能的目的,临床疗效满意。

某核电汽轮机组高中压缸轴瓦两侧温差大原因分析

某核电厂1 000 MW半速汽轮机组大修后启机过程中高中压缸1#轴瓦两侧温差最大达20℃,相较同型号机组对应轴瓦两侧温差明显偏大。通过分析造成1#轴瓦两侧温差大的因素,并于该机组2022年4月大修期间进行1#轴承(座)倾角测试与故障排查试验,最终研究发现造成1#轴瓦两侧温差大的原因是汽缸滑销系统运动不畅造成的轴瓦倾斜。文章的研究结果,对避免汽轮机轴承金属温差大的故障重复发生以及确保机组安全可靠运行提供了参考。

计及船体干扰的首尾侧推器粘性水动力数值计算

本文运用以雷诺平均N-S方程(RANS)为基础的粘性流CFD方法,结合MRF多重参考系模型,对某LNG运输及加注船的首尾侧推器粘性流场和水动力进行数值计算,在多种不同航速条件下,研究了在低速航行时船速对侧推器推力性能的影响规律。通过对比分析得出,首尾侧推器的侧推性能及其对船体水动力性能存在很大差别,并且这2个方面的性能对航速的敏感性也存在很大差异;采用独立尾侧推器舱室布局设计的尾侧推装置效率比独立首侧推器高。