U. S. Foreign Policy Trend

Wang: We have discussed issues concerning the influence of "overthrowing Saddam" at the regional level and its trend. Next, it is necessary for us to go deeper and discuss it at the global level. It is very clear that "striking Iraq," "overthrowing Saddam," and "

China's Foreign Policy under New Circumstances (Ⅱ)

The Iraq war and the North Korean nuclear crisis are the two big events that are attracting worldwide attention. The many debates and changes that have arisen around the globe from these two issues, with the former in particular, cannot but cause

Major Features of the New Situation and China's Foreign Policy

Speaking of "China’s foreign policy under new circumstances," there are five features of the new circumstances in my opinion. All these five features will not fundamentally change in accordance with major events such as the Iraq war, and to a certain extent, determine that China’s basic foreign policy need not and will not make major adjustments.

Russian Foreign Policy in Putin Presidency

Valadimir Putin assumed office as President of Russia on 7th May. It is a signfor Russia to enter into a new era. Attention is called to how Russia will imple-ment its foreign policy during Putin presidency, and what is the prospect. I Mr. Putin has started readjusting Russian foreign policy early as Acting Presi-dent. According to the newest version of the "Concept of National Security" andthe "New Foreign Doctrine", it is obvious that Russia will carry on pragmatic for-

THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND OUR FOREIGN POLICY

After the bombing of our embassy in Belgrade, Chinese students of internationalrelations tensely discussed about China’s international environment. The manyopinions fell into two basic groups. One expressed the belief that the war in Kosovobrought about a fundamental change of the international environment; the othergroup thought that the Kosovo War merely reflected the post-Cold War interna-tional reality rather than changing the international environment. In order to cor-

Readjustment in U.S. Foreign Policy

At the dawn of the new century, the Republicans returned to the White House after eight years in opposition. When President George W. Bush and his foreign policy team were striving to realize their diplomatic ambition, the events of September 11 led them to readjust their foreign policy, thereby a remarkable feature can be seen in Mr. Bush’s initial diplomacy.

New Systemic Order and Foreign Policy Strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East

The international system has characteristics that have a direct influence on the foreign policy of the countries.Among these,the systemic cycle of power is one of the most conspicuous features of the global system and the regions that affect this issue.In this vein,the systemic order resulting from the cycle of power in the strategic policy-making circle of units can play a limiting role and influence the type of strategy and strategy.The Islamic Republic of Iran is also one of the units of international order;hence,it is not exceptional.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to examine the order of the Middle East and,accordingly,to determine the strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in that region.Accordingly,it assumes that the regional order in the Middle East puts defense strategies,especially deterrence and passive defense,at the forefront of the strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East.So,the present paper,while explaining the order of the international system and the order of the Middle East region,designs the foreign policy strategies of the regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Ethiopia’s Foreign Policy in the New World Order System: Foreign Policy Direction and its Determinants

Similar to other countries in the world,there is a linkage between domestic and international actor forces involved in the formulation of Ethiopian foreign policy,since 1991.Obviously,this is due to the fact that foreign policy and domestic politics are interdependent and could spill over into each other.As the goal of every country’s foreign policy is promoting national interest,Ethiopian foreign policy among other things achieving economic development through economic diplomacy.This study aimed to explore determinants of Ethiopian foreign policy in the post 1991.Methodologically,it employed secondary source of data collection and data analysis.The result of this study would shade light on the set of factors that determine Ethiopian foreign policy with the change of global world order from bipolar to multi polar system.It highlighted the challenges and opportunities faced in realizing policy goals by taking into account certain bilateral relations Ethiopia has as case study.The change of global political order witnessed within the end of Cold war has also implications on the Ethiopian foreign policy.As a result of New World Order system,Ethiopian foreign policy orientation is changed from purely stubborn Marxist ideology,to flexible developmental state with numerous alliances,paying great emphasis for economic development,at the expense of security issue.

Towards the East:Iran’s Foreign Policy in Ahmadinejad Era—Based on James Rosenau’s Continuity Theory

The article seeks to examine the East Look Policy(ELP)in Iran’s Foreign Policy(IFP)(2005-2013).We believe that states,due to different factors,may adopt different policies in their FP.So,the main research question is:Why did Iranian state adopt ELP in its FP in duration of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad era?With regard to the question,our hypothesis is“there are some factors in Iran’s internal environment that we called them micro-level factors and some variable in external environment that we called them macro-level variables in formation of ELP in IFP”.To prove this hypothesis,we use James Rosenau’s foreign policy theory that has been stood on two micro-and macrolevel analysis to examination of FP of any state.Regarding Rosenau’s theory,there are four factors on micro-level include:individual of policy-maker,his/her role in political system,social values,and governmental structure.In addition,in macro-level,there are some variables,such as the logic of anarchy,the action of other states(especially US),and nuclear sanctions imposed by the US and Western nations.

A More Pragmatic and Flexible Foreign Policy

During his second tenure, Clinton will pay more attention to diplomatic workand may make some adjustments in his foreign policy while maintainingcontinuity of the policy during his first tenure.1. The guideline of foreign policy of the new administration would be charac-terized by the following three features:

Development of International Chinese Language Education in Iran:An Analysis in the Context of Iran’s Foreign Language Policy Characteristics

This paper focuses on examining the relevant policies concerning Chinese language education within Iran’s foreign language education policy framework from the perspective of its historical context.By analyzing the characteristics of Iran’s foreign language policy and the current situation of Chinese language teaching in Iran,this paper studies the future development of international Chinese language education in Iran.

United States Foreign Policy in the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict and Its Implication on the Two States Solution

Prior American administrations were more balanced in their relations with Israel and the Arab world.During the Cold War Israel was an important strategic asset in the containment of Communist influence in the middle eastern region,Washington structured its arms sales to Israel,controlled Israeli military preeminence during the wars with its Arab neighbors,and sought to arbitrate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to balance US relations with moderate Arab regimes.Today,the opposite seems to be true.It is considering the above forlorn situation that this essay attempts to analytically x-ray the Palestinian–Israeli conflict and US foreign policy.The major objective of the study was among others to establish that the current US foreign policy of the Trump administration will only further escalate the conflict by exacerbating tensions;it establishes the onion model as a framework upon which the study was built theoretically.The study resulted from the increasing trend of violence and killings in the region and how the people living in the region have been further devastated all because US foreign policy summersault.It also makes useful insights and recommendations on how to broker peace in the region.

Identity,China’s foreign policy and Iran’s nuclear program

Iran’s nuclear program has been one of the most challenging international issues since the beginning of the 2010s.As an emerging superpower,China has sought to play an active role in international crises,including the Iranian nuclear case.China’s mainly focus was not whether to engage,but how to engage,and what proposals should be made when engaging to solve the dilemma in order to benefit multiple interests.This research tries to answer the question of what the components of China’s foreign policy towards Iran’s nuclear program are and how it is constructed within the framework of holistic constructivist theory.The methodology of this research is historical analysis as well as descriptive analytical methods.This paper proposes a categorisation of the six identity discourses that China exhibits on the Iranian nuclear issue.In this vein,the role of the international normative environment,which might have either aggressive or modifying impacts,should not be neglected.So China has sought to deal with Iran’s nuclear program peacefully through the framework of the Non-Proliferation Treaty in cooperation with the United States.

Turkish Foreign Policy Towards the Syrian Crisis:Dynamics of Transformation

Since the outbreak of the unrest in Syria in January 2011,Turkey has been one of the principal international actors involved in the Syrian issue and has gradually become an important party in the Syrian geopolitical game.After eight years,with the continuous evolution of the Syrian issue,Turkey,under the guidance of its strategic thinking of‘Strategic Deepness’,used a combination of diplomatic and military strikes to make itself an important regional power in the rivalry over Syria.Turkey could no longer be underestimated in the process of mitigating or complicating the issue,and meanwhile has also become a major factor affecting the political map of Syria.On the Syrian issue,Turkey made major adjustments to its foreign policy.Based on its understanding and judgment of Syria’s geopolitics,the Middle East sectarian pattern and the Kurdish issue,it established a clear strategic intention that is consistent with the position of the Western allies of forcing Bashar al-Assad’s regime to step down,while curbing and disintegrating the Kurdish forces,and ultimately achieving the strategic goal of enhancing the regional influence and international image of Turkey.Around this strategic intention,Turkey’s policy towards Syria has also been dynamically adjusted,throwing out a minnow to catch a whale,and the established goals have been achieved.In the future,Turkey will use the current situation as a basis to play its role in the Syrian issue and maximise its national interests.