Vault predicting after implantable collamer lens implantation using random forest network based on different features in ultrasound biomicroscopy images

AIM:To analyze ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)images using random forest network to find new features to make predictions about vault after implantable collamer lens(ICL)implantation.METHODS:A total of 450 UBM images were collected from the Lixiang Eye Hospital to provide the patient’s preoperative parameters as well as the vault of the ICL after implantation.The vault was set as the prediction target,and the input elements were mainly ciliary sulcus shape parameters,which included 6 angular parameters,2 area parameters,and 2 parameters,distance between ciliary sulci,and anterior chamber height.A random forest regression model was applied to predict the vault,with the number of base estimators(n_estimators)of 2000,the maximum tree depth(max_depth)of 17,the number of tree features(max_features)of Auto,and the random state(random_state)of 40.0.RESULTS:Among the parameters selected in this study,the distance between ciliary sulci had a greater importance proportion,reaching 52%before parameter optimization is performed,and other features had less influence,with an importance proportion of about 5%.The importance of the distance between the ciliary sulci increased to 53% after parameter optimization,and the importance of angle 3 and area 1 increased to 5% and 8%respectively,while the importance of the other parameters remained unchanged,and the distance between the ciliary sulci was considered the most important feature.Other features,although they accounted for a relatively small proportion,also had an impact on the vault prediction.After parameter optimization,the best prediction results were obtained,with a predicted mean value of 763.688μm and an actual mean value of 776.9304μm.The R²was 0.4456 and the root mean square error was 201.5166.CONCLUSION:A study based on UBM images using random forest network can be performed for prediction of the vault after ICL implantation and can provide some reference for ICL size selection.

Effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs in a mountainous region in Japan

We investigated forest road networks and forestry operations before and after mechanization on aggregated forestry operation sites. We developed equations to estimate densities of road networks with average slope angles, operational efficiency of bunching operations with road network density, and average forwarding distances with operation site areas. Subsequently, we analyzed the effects of aggregating forests, establishing forest road networks, and mechanization on operational efficiency and costs. Six ha proved to be an appropriate operation site area with minimum operation expenses. The operation site areas of the forest owners＇ cooperative in this region aggregated approximately 6 ha and the cooperative conducted forestry operations on aggregated sites. Therefore, 6 ha would be an appropriate operation site area in this region. Regarding road network density, higher-density road networks increased operational expenses due to the higher direct operational expenses of strip road establishment. Therefore, road network density should be reduced to approximately 200 m.

Rainfall-runoff modeling for storm events in a coastal forest catchmen t using neural networks

The process of transformation of rainfall into runoff over a catchment is very complex and highly nonlinear and exhibits both tempor al and spatial variabilities. In this article, a rainfall-runoff model using th e artificial neural networks (ANN) is proposed for simula ting the runoff in storm events. The study uses the data from a coa stal forest catchment located in Seto Inland Sea, Japan. This article studies the accuracy of the short-term rainfall forecast obta ined by ANN time-series analysis techniques and using antecedent rainfa ll depths and stream flow as the input information. The verification results from the proposed model indicate that the approach of ANN rai nfall-runoff model presented in this paper shows a reasonable agreement in rainfall-runoff modeling with high accuracy.

Forest Fire Detection Using Artificial Neural Network Algorithm Implemented in Wireless Sensor Networks

A forest fire is a severe threat to forest resources and human life, In this paper, we propose a forest-fire detection system that has an artificial neural network algorithm implemented in a wireless sensor network （WSN）. The proposed detection system mitigates the threat of forest fires by provide accurate fire alarm with low maintenance cost. The accuracy is increased by the novel multi- criteria detection, referred to as an alarm decision depends on multiple attributes of a forest fire. The multi-criteria detection is implemented by the artificial neural network algorithm. Meanwhile, we have developed a prototype of the proposed system consisting of the solar batter module, the fire detection module and the user interface module.

Basic Tenets of Classification Algorithms K-Nearest-Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest and Neural Network: A Review

In this paper, sixty-eight research articles published between 2000 and 2017 as well as textbooks which employed four classification algorithms: K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Neural Network (NN) as the main statistical tools were reviewed. The aim was to examine and compare these nonparametric classification methods on the following attributes: robustness to training data, sensitivity to changes, data fitting, stability, ability to handle large data sizes, sensitivity to noise, time invested in parameter tuning, and accuracy. The performances, strengths and shortcomings of each of the algorithms were examined, and finally, a conclusion was arrived at on which one has higher performance. It was evident from the literature reviewed that RF is too sensitive to small changes in the training dataset and is occasionally unstable and tends to overfit in the model. KNN is easy to implement and understand but has a major drawback of becoming significantly slow as the size of the data in use grows, while the ideal value of K for the KNN classifier is difficult to set. SVM and RF are insensitive to noise or overtraining, which shows their ability in dealing with unbalanced data. Larger input datasets will lengthen classification times for NN and KNN more than for SVM and RF. Among these nonparametric classification methods, NN has the potential to become a more widely used classification algorithm, but because of their time-consuming parameter tuning procedure, high level of complexity in computational processing, the numerous types of NN architectures to choose from and the high number of algorithms used for training, most researchers recommend SVM and RF as easier and wieldy used methods which repeatedly achieve results with high accuracies and are often faster to implement.

AUTO-IDENTIFICATION OF FOREST FIRE-POINTS IN NOAA IMAGES BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK

Identification of forest fire_points in NOAA images is the basis of monitoring forest fire using NOAA satellite data.Traditional visual interpretation is difficult to settle for auto_identification with computer.The artificial neural network technique provides a new means for solving this problem.In this paper,the principles and method of using neural network technique to automatically identify fire_points in NOAA images are discussed and the test in the range of Hubei province is presented.The result of the test shows that the disciplined neural network has collected the character of fire_points and has ability to identify fire_points in NOAA images.Comparing neural network with visual interpretation,the conclusion is drawn that by using neural network the purpose of auto_identification of forest fire_points in NOAA images can be realized with the almost same precision.

Quantification of 3D macropore networks in forest soils in Touzhai valley(Yunnan,China)using X-ray computed tomography and image analysis

The three dimensional(3D) geometry of soil macropores largely controls preferential flow, which is a significant infiltrating mechanism for rainfall in forest soils and affects slope stability. However, detailed studies on the 3D geometry of macropore networks in forest soils are rare. The intense rainfall-triggered potentially unstable slopes were threatening the villages at the downstream of Touzhai valley(Yunnan, China). We visualized and quantified the 3D macropore networks in undisturbed soil columns(Histosols) taken from a forest hillslope in Touzhai valley, and compared them with those in agricultural soils(corn and soybean in USA; barley, fodder beet and red fescue in Denmark) and grassland soils in USA. We took two large undisturbed soil columns(250 mm×250 mm×500 mm), and scanned the soil columns at in-situ soil water content conditions using X-ray computed tomography at a voxel resolution of 0.945 × 0.945 × 1.500 mm^3. After reconstruction and visualization, we quantified the characteristics of macropore networks. In the studiedforest soils, the main types of macropores were root channels, inter-aggregate voids, macropores without knowing origin, root-soil interface and stone-soil interface. While macropore networks tend to be more complex, larger, deeper and longer. The forest soils have high macroporosity, total macropore wall area density, node density, and large macropore volume, hydraulic radius, mean macropore length, angle, and low tortuosity. The findings suggest that macropore networks in the forest soils have high interconnectivity, vertical continuity, linearity and less vertically oriented.

BP neural networks and random forest models to detect damage by Dendrolimus punctatus Walker

The construction of a pest detection algorithm is an important step to couple"ground-space"characteristics,which is also the basis for rapid and accurate monitoring and detection of pest damage.In four experimental areas in Sanming City,Jiangle County,Sha County and Yanping District in Fujian Province,sample data on pest damage in 182 sets of Dendrolimus punctatus were collected.The data were randomly divided into a training set and testing set,and five duplicate tests and one eliminating-indicator test were done.Based on the characterization analysis of the host for D.punctatus damage,seven characteristic indicators of ground and remote sensing including leaf area index,standard error of leaf area index(SEL)of pine forest,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),wetness from tasseled cap transformation(WET),green band(B2),red band(B3),near-infrared band(B4)of remote sensing image are obtained to construct BP neural networks and random forest models of pest levels.The detection results of these two algorithms were comprehensively compared from the aspects of detection precision,kappa coefficient,receiver operating characteristic curve,and a paired t test.The results showed that the seven indicators all were responsive to pest damage,and NDVI was relatively weak;the average pest damage detection precision of six tests by BP neural networks was 77.29%,the kappa coefficient was 0.6869 and after the RF algorithm,the respective values were 79.30%and 0.7151,showing that the latter is more optimized,but there was no significant difference(p>0.05);the detection precision,kappa coefficient and AUC of the RF algorithm was higher than the BP neural networks for three pest levels(no damage,moderate damage and severe damage).The detection precision and AUC of BP neural networks were a little higher for mild damage,but the difference was not significant(p>0.05)except for the kappa coefficient for the no damage level(p<0.05).An"over-fitting"phenomenon tends to occur in BP neural networks,while RF method is more robust,providing a detection effect that is better than the BP neural networks.Thus,the application of the random forest algorithm for pest damage and multilevel dispersed variables is thus feasible and suggests that attention to the proportionality of sample data from various categories is needed when collecting data.

医用氧化锆陶瓷磨削表面粗糙度的声发射智能预测

医用氧化锆陶瓷(Y-TZP)是较好的齿科修复体材料,为了得到较好的齿科修复体性能对于其制造精度特别是表面粗糙度的要求比较高,但其是硬脆难加工材料,为了提高医用氧化锆陶瓷磨削加工表面质量和加工效率,在对医用氧化锆陶瓷磨削过程中的声发射信号分频段进行相关性分析的基础上,提取磨削声发射840~850kHz敏感频段信号中与磨削表面粗糙度强相关的12组特征值,构建了具有较高预测精度的随机森林神经网络,最终医用氧化锆陶瓷磨削表面粗糙度声发射预测最大相对误差低于8.37%,研究结果对医用氧化锆陶瓷磨削表面粗糙度在线智能监测有较大的参考价值。

一种随机森林增强的车载容迟网络路由算法

针对车载容迟网络(Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network,VDTN)中车辆节点高速移动造成的通信链路不稳定性问题,利用车辆节点的移动模式,提出了一种随机森林增强的VDTN路由算法.首先,引入与车辆节点运动相联系的属性并利用动态相遇奖励机制对车辆节点进行分类,以此构建初始随机森林模型.接着,从决策树的分类性能和多样性两个方面优化模型,选择分类性能好、多样性高的决策树构造改进的随机森林模型,其中,决策树的分类性能和多样性分别根据每棵树分类错误率及相应的惩罚权重和由不合度量定义的决策树之间的相似度来衡量.最后,根据改进的随机森林模型提出新的VDTN路由算法.仿真实验证明,所提出的路由算法能显著提高消息的投递率,降低消息的投递时延,从而验证了其有效性.

柴油机Wiebe模型参数优化及燃烧性能预测

基于一台单缸柴油机进行了发动机性能实验,通过结合单、双Wiebe燃烧模型和机器学习算法,提出了一种可预测的Wiebe燃烧模型,开展了不同边界条件下的燃烧参数和规律预测研究.首先,使用代数化Wiebe方程的线性拟合,根据线性拟合精度选取单、双Wiebe模型.然后,使用列文伯格-马夸尔特(Levenberg-Marquardt,LM)算法拟合Wiebe方程得到相应的6个Wiebe参数,实现放热率Wiebe参数化.最后,基于该Wiebe燃烧参数,应用误差反向传播神经网络(back propagation neural network,BP-NN)和随机森林(random forest,RF)算法,开发了实用性更广泛的两种Wiebe燃烧预测模型,研究了不同边界条件下的燃烧规律.结果显示:代数Wiebe方程的线性拟合精度小于等于0.99000时放热率曲线更复杂,此时选用双Wiebe方程可得到高精度的Wiebe燃烧参数,反之选用单Wiebe方程即可;在1200 r/min和2200 r/min时选择双Wiebe方程对放热率进行拟合,拟合精度R^(2)均大于0.99000,误差平方和均小于0.01,通过Wiebe参数重新构建的放热率和实验放热率基本一致.基于LM算法的放热率拟合算法,可以很好地反映柴油机不同工况下的燃烧特征.对比两种不同的燃烧预测模型BP-NN和RF发现:BP-NN模型对一Wiebe形状因子m1和一Wiebe燃烧初始相位φ_(01)的预测精度更高,而RF算法对一Wiebe燃烧比例α和燃烧结束相位φ_(end)的预测精度更高,因此,针对不同燃烧参数选择不同预测模型可以有效提高Wiebe燃烧预测模型的精度.

用SSA优化CNN-LSTM-SEnet预测模型实现风电机组故障预警

风电机组数据采集与监控系统的原始高维数据存在大量异常点和噪声点,且故障预警对性能预测模型的精度要求很高。为此,建立了一种基于混合神经网络预测模型的风电机组故障预警方法。为获取高质量的建模数据,采用快速密度峰值聚类和孤立森林算法对原始数据进行多步清洗。利用麻雀搜索算法优化的卷积神经网络–长短期记忆网络–压缩激励网络混合模型,建立了能够有效提取潜在特征信息、高精度的风机正常工况性能预测模型。为实现故障可靠预警、降低误报率,通过滑动窗口法构建预警指标并结合核密度估计法计算其阈值。采用真实故障历史数据进行实验,验证了方法的有效性。

基于RF-RNN模型的DNS隐蔽信道检测方法

为提高检测隐蔽信道的灵敏度,提出一种基于随机森林(Random Forest,RF)和循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Network,RNN)的域名系统(Domain Name System,DNS)隐蔽信道检测方法。该方法采用域名检测作为主要手段,使用RF模型对域名进行分类,通过深度学习方法挖掘更高阶的特征表示。实验结果表明,与单一模型相比,该方法在检测准确性和健壮性方面均取得了显著提升。

基于IHHT‑RF的配电网单相接地故障选线方法

小电流系统发生单相接地故障时故障特征易受高接地过渡电阻、小初相角等弱故障条件影响而导致选线准确率低。为此,提出一种基于改进希尔伯特黄变换—随机森林(improved Hilbert⁃Huang transform⁃random forest,IHHT⁃RF)的配电网单相接地故障选线方法。首先,提取每条线路在故障发生时的电流暂态信号,通过IHHT提取纯净的暂态电气量,构造标准差、能量熵和幅值畸变度3类特征向量;然后,将特征向量输入RF分类器建立故障选线模型,把故障选线问题转化为二分类问题;最后,将测量数据输入RF分类器中得出分类结果,实现故障线路的自动识别。仿真结果表明,该选线方法综合利用暂态信号的幅值、频率和能量等特征信息,不受弱故障条件、馈线结构等因素的影响,能有效提高故障选线的准确率,具有较强的适应性和可靠性。

机器学习在医疗与健康应用场景下的恶意流量检测

目的 基于机器学习方法中的随机森林和决策树模型,实现在医疗与健康应用场景下的恶意流量检测。方法 以CICIDS2017样本集作为模型的训练集与验证集,对将该样本集通过Python预处理后的共1708979条数据进行模型训练。预处理后的样本集中训练集占比80%(1367183条),验证集占比20%(341795条),在sklearn中进行随机森林和决策树模型参数调整训练,再将在医疗与健康应用场景下捕获到的500条网络流量作为测试集进行模型泛化能力评估。结果 由决策树和随机森林混淆矩阵图可知,决策树模型对于慢速拒绝服务攻击以及跨站脚本攻击的预测准确率为95%,尤其是决策树模型对慢速拒绝服务攻击进行预测时,会将其与跨站脚本攻击混淆。随机森林模型对于慢速拒绝服务攻击预测准确率为99%,能够正确预测大多数慢速拒绝服务攻击。随机森林模型在医疗与健康应用场景下整体表现良好。结论 两种模型对于在医疗与健康应用场景下的恶意流量检测准确率效果较好,但传统的决策树模型准确率低于随机森林模型。随机森林模型更适合在医疗健康场景下的恶意流量检测,可为医疗健康应用场景中的网络安全研究提供参考。

基于机器学习的“一带一路”投资国别风险预测研究

“一带一路”倡议提出十年间,中国对沿线国家的投资规模持续扩大。然而,企业在抓住机遇,进行“一带一路”沿线国家投资的同时,也需要重点关注“一带一路”投资国别风险。本文从政治、经济、社会和对华关系4个维度构建“一带一路”投资国别风险预测指标体系;运用灰色关联分析计算样本国家的综合风险评价值;基于2012~2022年间“一带一路”沿线国家的数据,利用机器学习构建GA-BP神经网络、支持向量回归和随机森林3种预测模型;通过对比预测精度,确定最佳预测模型,利用2021年的指标数据,对2022年的投资国别风险进行预测。研究结果表明:(1)在“一带一路”投资国别风险的研究背景下,支持向量回归模型预测效果最优,证明机器学习模型能够有效应用于风险管理领域;(2)“一带一路”投资国别风险存在明显的地区差异,中东欧地区和东南亚地区投资国别风险普遍较低,而南亚地区投资国别风险普遍较高,但都存在特例。本文研究结果可为“走出去”企业在“一带一路”沿线国家的投资决策提供参考。

融合随机森林和神经网络的电能质量分析算法

提出了一种融合随机森林(RF)和神经网络(NN)的电能质量分析算法.首先利用RF对电能质量信号进行特征提取和降维,然后利用NN对提取的特征进行分类和识别,最后通过实验验证了该算法的有效性,并与其他常用的电能质量分析方法进行了比较.实验结果表明,该算法具有较高的准确率、召回率和F1值,以及较快的运行速度和较低的计算复杂度.

高判别精度的区块链交易合法性检测方法

区块链上的交易合法性检测对于加密数字货币的监管具有重大意义。针对现有交易合法性检测方法存在的检测精度低下、判别过程中难以有效兼顾交易本身信息与前后拓扑信息的问题,提出融合可信深度森林的多角度高精度合法性检测方法。设计基于可信生成特征的可信深度森林TForest,以特征重排序的方式赋予子样本足够的区分度,结合可变滑动窗口以均衡无混淆的方式提取可信子样本,在大幅度降低生成特征维度的基础上,提高了深度森林的判别精度。提出一种集成策略,基于不同基模型对于正负样本识别能力的差异性,采用双阶段逐层优化的方式有效融合可信深度森林与Transformer图网络及残差网络三类基判别器,兼顾两方面信息,构成高精度的多角度分析模型T2Rnet。在Elliptic数据集上的实验结果显示,该模型的F1-score达到83.11%,相比基准图卷积方法提升31.6%,具备可靠的交易合法性检测性能。

基于孤立森林算法的弹性光网络异常流量自动识别方法

弹性光网络流量传输受到时间波动导致异常,为了提高网络传输稳定性,提出基于孤立森林算法的弹性光网络异常流量自动识别算法。根据流量的异常分布特征和正常数据的差异性进行波谱密度检测,构建弹性光网络流量的谱特征提取模型,通过低通滤波器卷积向量重组,实现对异常流量的谱特征筛选,采用孤立森林算法实现对网络流量异常检测的自适应寻优控制,结合多维空间结构重组方法实现对弹性光网络异常流量检测和识别。结果表明,漏检率及误检率较低,分别为3.16%,1.03%。检测用时较少,仅用16秒。在进行检测时,外部入侵率未超过1%,抗扰性较强。