The role of forest culture in green construction and management of forest parks:merging knowledge-attitude-practice and theory of planned behavior

As a cultural concept refl ecting the relationship between humans and forests,forest culture plays an active role in sustainable forest management.Forest parks provide a wide range of ecosystem services essential for the sustainable development of society,and the relationships between forest culture,green construction and management of forest parks have practical signifi cance.This study aimed to understand the interaction and process of forest culture infl uencing green construction and management in forest parks with the models Knowledge-Attitude-Practice(KAP)and Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB)by proposing a theoretical model.Four hypotheses were tested using data collected from 193 forest park employees in Heilongjiang Province,China.Our results show that forest culture had a signifi cant infl uence on green construction and forest management.In addition,subjective norm and perceived behavioral control directly impacted behavior in green construction and management of the forest park,whereas attitude did not have an impact.Subjective norm had a direct eff ect on attitude.Results between constructs show that forest culture had an indirect eff ect on planning and construction,and on ecological and economic management.Consequently,it supported three of four hypotheses within the proposed model in determining the infl uence of forest culture on green construction and management.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Public Signs in Chinese-English Translation——Based on the Example of Shaoguan National Forest Park

With the rapid development of economy and close international exchanges, the English translation of public signs is in-creasingly important and cannot be ignored. This paper takes Shaoguan National Forest Park as an example to analyze its publicsigns translation and points out some pragmatic failures from two aspects:pragmatic language failures and social pragmatic failures.Also, the paper puts forward some suggestions based on the translation error analysis.

Construction of a Comprehensive Soundscape Evaluation System in Forest Parks Based on Grey Statistical Theory

Based on collection and arrangement of evaluation indicators of soundscape in a forest park,24 primary evaluation indicators are chosen by grey statistical theory.The results show that there are 5 main factors influencing soundscape in a forest park,including water soundscape,wind soundscape,animal soundscape,recreation soundscape,and artificial soundscape,which contain 13 evaluation indicators.Among these factors,natural sound elements account for 84.6%.Thus a comprehensive evaluation indicator system of soundscape(including natural and unnatural soundscape) in a forest park is constructed by the selected evaluation indicators,and it is expected to provide a reference for scientific and systematic construction and development of forest parks in future.

Study on Integration of Suburban Forest Park and Eco-city into “Mega-landscape”

On the basis of analyzing the development of suburban forest parks, the paper proposed the combination of eco-city construction and suburban forest parks, and the construction of "mega-landscape" mode, which offers a new concept for the development of suburban forest parks.

Touristic Ecological Footprint of Jiufeng National Forest Park in Beijing Based on Component Method

This paper,based on the ecological footprint component method,calculated the touristic ecological footprint of Jiufeng National Forest Park in Beijing.The results showed that in 2013,in Jiufeng National Forest Park,the total touristic ecological footprint was 183.08 hm2,the total ecological capacity was 225.16 hm2,the total touristic ecological surplus was 42.07 hm2,and the average touristic ecological surplus was 0.000 4 hm2 per capita,indicating that tourism in Jiufeng National Forest Park was in ecological surplus and ecological security.However,forest parks in Beijing at large were in ecological deficit.This paper suggested that the tourist flow volume of forest parks with a big ecological deficit should be moved to forest parks with an ecological surplus.Besides,forest parks are expected to strengthen the development and management,improve the availability of forest recreation resource,and promote the environmental protection awareness of tourists,so as to boost the sustainable development of forest park tourism.

Species-Related Difference to Noise Reduction Between Trees in Urban Forest: The Abidar Forest Park (Case Study)

Sound pollution is one of the most important urban problems which endangers mental and physical health of the residents.This study was aimed to assess the influence of different tree species,including Fraxinus rotundifolia,Robinia pseudoacacia,Platanus orientalis,Platycladus orientalis,and Pinus eldarica,in reducing noise pollution in the Abidar Forest Park.A further objective was to identify the contaminated areas of Sanandaj city and to propose suitable noise absorbent tree species in consistent conditions.For each tree stands the noise measurements were performed during intervals at frequencies of 250,500 and 1000 Hz,besides an open area with the same topography.With regards to the second purpose,a total of 50 stations with residential,commercial,residentialcommercial,and green space applications were selected across the city.Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level(Leq)was determined in five replicates for 30 min.The measurements were performed under stable weather conditions and low wind velocity at 17:00(traffic peak)in summer and fall.All of the Leq values were above the threshold noise level.The highest noise reduction was recorded in summer(i.e.,green season);Platanus and Platycladus species demonstrated the highest and lowest noise absorption(31.43 dB and 22.28 dB,respectively).Furthermore,a meaningful difference was observed between Leq values of commercial,residential,commercial-residential,and green space urban applications,and the central parts of the city showed noticeable noise pollution.Taken together,due to being exposed to higher than the acceptable threshold noise level,the residents of Sanandaj will be endangered to health problems in the near future;thus consideration should be given to the noise pollution sources.

Study on the Sustainable Planning of Meiling Forest Park in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province

Taking Meiling Forest Park in Nanchang City for example, this paper on the basis of analyzing current development of forest park combined the characteristics of natural and humanistic resources in Meiling Forest Park, explored its planning concepts, and proposed the sustainable planning strategies for the park.

Ecotourism Development in the Context of Cultural and Tourism Integration:A Case Study of Wanli Mopan Mountain Forest Park

The integration of culture and tourism is a new form of tourism and a trend of tourism industry development.Mopan Mountain Forest Park in Wanli District of Nanchang City is taken as research object,and the excavation of its cultural elements is analyzed.It is thought that cultural elements can revitalize the culture and tourism industry,promote the integration of culture and tourism,encourage the mutual penetration of cultural innovation,design services and tourism products,improve the development and service level of cultural tourism products,and accelerate the development of characteristic cultural tourism.

Evaluation of Four Seasons Soundscape in Meiling National Forest Park

To analyze the changes of soundscape elements in different seasons and periods,and to accurately grasp the internal operation law of soundscape,a questionnaire survey was conducted on the visitors of Meiling National Forest Park in four seasons.The average value method and factor analysis method were used to get people’s evaluation of forest soundscape and its influence on human psychology.The evaluation vocabulary of the four seasons psychological scale was summed up into the same 3 common factors,but the variables of each common factor were different,and the characteristics of the first factor were obvious,which was of great significance to the psychological expectation of the soundscape of Meiling National Forest Park.The soundscape of four seasons in Meiling National Forest Park has a natural and comfortable effect on human psychology on the whole.The soundscape impact factors in Meiling National Forest Park are very different in the primary and the secondary,and the expectations of forest soundscape tourists also vary greatly.

Variation of Ecostoichiometric Ratios of Soil Microbes in Zhoushan Forest Park

Taking surrounding woodland soils of Cedrus deodara(Roxb.)G.Don,Prunus ceraifera cv.Pissardii,Ginkgo biloba L.and Ligustrum lucidum in Zhoushan Forest Park of Henan Province as the research objects,the physicochemical properties of sample plots were investigated,and the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and total soil nutrients were determined.The results showed that the carbon-nitrogen ratios and carbon–phosphorus ratios were 8.0-11.4 and 17.1-25.3,respectively;the percentages of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)were 2.84%-5.1%,2.69%-4.44%and 2.19%-5.62%,respectively.The carbon–nitrogen ratio and carbon-phosphorus ratio of P.ceraifera,G.biloba and L.lucidum forests were signifi cantly lower than that of C.deodara forest(P<0.05).The MBC/SOC,MBN/TN and MBP/TP ratios of G.biloba forest were the highest,which had signifi cant difference with those of other tree species(P<0.05).The contents of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus were extremely or signifi cantly correlated with SOC,TN,TP,tree species and human disturbance,but had no correlation with soil pH,slope,slope direction,etc.Tree species and human disturbance also significantly affected the physical and chemical properties closely related to soil microbial biomass.

Diversity and Selectivity of Flowervisiting Insects in Xipu Forest Park

[Objective]This study was conducted to understand the species and quantity of flowervisiting insects in Xipu Forest Park,supplement the data of local flowervisiting insects,and fill the research gap of flowervisiting insects in the Lesser Hinggan Mountain.[Method]The methods of route survey and sample plot survey were used to investigate the community of flowervisiting insects,and the method of net catching was used to collect flowervisiting insects and record relevant data.[Results]A total of 1526 flowervisiting insects belonging to 79 species,27 families and 9 orders were found.Among them,Lepidoptera was the most,accounting for 40.51%,while Odonata,Mantodea,Hemiptera and Thysanoptera are the least.The results showed that the insect diversity index and insect dominance index were higher in the flower cultivation area,the insect evenness index was highest in the lawn area,and the flowervisiting insects in arbor area and flower shrub area were more similar.Rosaceae had the most flowervisiting insects,followed by Compositae,Cruciferae and Leguminosae.[Significance]The study provides scientific basis and data support for the rational development and utilization,biodiversity protection and sustainable development of forest parks.

Planning and Design of Zhengzhou Forest Park Based on Natural Ecological Experience

Through summarizing and analyzing planning objectives, landscape division and natural ecological experience planning of Zhengzhou Forest Park, the authors discussed the application of human-nature harmony in the planning, stressed citizens' needs for experiencing natural ecological environment, and tried to build Zhengzhou Forest Park with picturesque scenery, complete facilities, and harmonious human-nature coexistence.

Empirical Analysis of Forest Landscape Value Assessment:A Case Study of Huangshui Forest Park in Xining,Qinghai Province

Questionnaire survey and CVM were adopted to evaluate economic value of Huangshui Forest Park in Xining,Qinghai.Value of its forest landscapes was assessed,multiple linear regression was established to analyze correlation between factors related to willingness-to-pay(WTP).

An Empirical Research on Satisfaction of Tourism Public Service in National Forest Park

In recent years,leisure individual travel has become a trend of tourism development.Visitors are highly dependent on the public service system of scenic spots.The educational circles at home and abroad are paying more and more attention to the study of tourism public services.Based on the theory of tourist satisfaction evaluation,this paper made an empirical study on the tourism public service system of Kunyu Mountain National Forest Park.It was found that there was a contradiction between the demand for tourism public services and the actual supply in Kunyu Mountain National Forest Park.Based on this,some measures were put forward,such as strengthening the construction of tourist information signs in scenic spots,strengthening the construction of communication facilities and convenient services for tourists,strengthening the training and supervision of service practitioners,and construction of organizations for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of tourists.

Investigation and Study on Plant Communities in Baise Forest Park

Plant community structures of Baise Forest Park were analyzed through the field investigation. The results showed that there are 76 tree species of 69 genera and 41 families in the park. According to the species diversity analysis, among the 5 subareas recreational area has the highest diversity and evenness indexes, zoo has lower diversity index of plant community. Three-dimensional analysis of plant community shows that the community has simple structures, limited landscape layers and shrub coverage, a few lawn species and poor landscape effect. Analysis of its ecological habits shows that evergreen species in all 5 subareas of the park are more than deciduous species, and there are only a few ornamental tree species.

Forest parks and sustainable development of ecotourism in China

In the spirit of the trend toward opening and reforming China, the State Forestry Administration has taken advantage of the opportunity to improve forest parks and develop forest-based ecotourism. The State Forestry Administration has experienced great success in a short time. By 1997, the State Forestry Administration had built 874 forest parks, with a total area of 7.48×10~6 hm^2. More than 50 000 000 tourists visited the parks each year. The forest parks have become the new focus of forest-based ecotourism in China. This success demonstrated that the use of forest resources and the development of tourism had moved into a new period. To assure the healthy growth of forest-based ecotourism in China, based on the theory of sustainable development, we have made several suggestions about how to improve forest parks and develop forest-based ecotourism. Our recommendations are grounded in the principles of resource protection, moderate exports of forest products, and recognition of the special character of individual park.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Forest Parks in Shandong Province

The spatial distribution characteristics of forest parks in Shandong Province were studied using geographical concentration index,Gini coefficient,and ArcGIS analysis software.The results show that the forest parks in Shandong Province are concentrated in the province and in the five subregions,and the equilibrium degree of the distribution is low.The density of forest parks in Shandong Province is high in eastern Shandong and central Shandong but low in western Shandong.The number of forest parks in the eastern coastal areas of Shandong Province is larger than the number of forest parks in the inland areas of Shandong Province.

Landscape Planning and Design of Urban Forest Park Trails: A Case Study of Yaohu Country Forest Park in Nanchang City

Urban forest parks are open parks based on natural countryside, which can be used for outdoor sports, leisure and recreation, popular science education and other activities. The trail is a pedestrian road connecting various landscape points in the park. It not only has directional and traffic functions, but also is the most effective means for the organization of the whole park. Taking Yaohu Country Forest Park in Nanchang City as an example, this study analyzed and discussed the design of trails and landscapes.

Plant Diversity of Maoershan National Forest Park

There are a wide variety of wild plants in Maoershan National Forest Park.According to a fiveyear survey,the plants are found to include 557 species belonging to 116 families and 335 genera.There are 10 dominant families,such as Asteraceae,Ranunculaceae,Rosaceae,Fabaceae,and Chenopodiaceae,including 251 species,accounting for 46.06% of the total.There are 9 dominant genera,such as Polygonum,Potentilla ,Viola ,Artemisia ,and Corydalis ,which include 82 species of plants,accounting for 14.72% of the total.This study statistically analyzed the diversity and function of plants in the park and classified useful plants to provide a basis for the conservation and development of plant resources in Maoershan National Forest Park.

Study on Redevelopment of Kunming West Mountain Forest Park in the View of Experience Economy

At the background of the experience economy becoming major economic form in place of the service economy,forest experience develops vigorously and becomes a new approach for people alleviating pressure,acquiring knowledge,and relaxation. On the basis of analyzing concept and characteristics of the forest experience,this paper analyzed current situation of forest experience by taking Kunming West Mountain Forest Park as an example. It found there are existing problems in subject image,development methods and degree,professional personnel and concept. In view of these problems,it came up with recommendations including determining subject image,designing special products,accelerating cultivation of professional personnel,and strengthening training of forest experience concept. It is expected to provide reference for multi-functional use theory of China and provide ideas for developing forest experience projects.