QUANTITATIVE PREDICTION FOR SPRINGBACK OF UNLOADING AND TRIMMING IN SHEET METAL STAMPING FORMING

Based on the elastic-plastic large deformation finite element formulation as well as the shell element combined discrete Kirchhoff theoretical plate element (DKT) with membrane square element, deep-drawing bending springback of typical U-pattern is studied. At the same time the springback values of the drawing of patterns' unloading and trimming about the satellite aerial reflecting surface are predicted and also compared with those of the practical punch. Above two springbacks all obtain satisfactory results, which provide a kind of effective quantitative pre-prediction of springback for the practical engineers.

Rapid Springback Compensation for Age Forming Based on Quasi Newton Method

Iterative methods based on finite element simulation are effective approaches to design mold shape to compensate springback in sheet metal forming. However, convergence rate of iterative methods is difficult to improve greatly. To increase the springback compensate speed of designing age forming mold, process of calculating springback for a certain mold with finite element method is analyzed. Springback compensation is abstracted as finding a solution for a set of nonlinear functions and a springback compensation algorithm is presented on the basis of quasi Newton method. The accuracy of algorithm is verified by developing an ABAQUS secondary development program with MATLAB. Three rectangular integrated panels of dimensions 710 mmx750 mm integrated panels with intersected ribs of 10 mm are selected to perform case studies. The algorithm is used to compute mold contours for the panels with cylinder, sphere and saddle contours respectively and it takes 57%, 22% and 33% iterations as compared to that of displacement adjustment （DA） method. At the end of iterations, maximum deviations on the three panels are 0.618 4 mm, 0.624 1 mm and 0.342 0 mm that are smaller than the deviations determined by DA method （0.740 8 mm, 0.740 8 mm and 0.713 7 mm respectively）. In following experimental verification, mold contour for another integrated panel with 400 ram^380 mm size is designed by the algorithm. Then the panel is age formed in an autoclave and measured by a three dimensional digital measurement devise. Deviation between measuring results and the panel＇s design contour is less than 1 mm. Finally, the iterations with different mesh sizes （40 mm, 35 mm, 30 mm, 25 mm, 20 mm） in finite element models are compared and found no considerable difference. Another possible compensation method, Broyden-Fletcher-Shanmo method, is also presented based on the solving nonlinear fimctions idea. The Broyden-Fletcher-Shanmo method is employed to compute mold contour for the second panel. It only takes 50% iterations compared to that of DA. The proposed method can serve a faster mold contour compensation method for sheet metal forming.

Automobile Roof Panel Forming: Prediction and Compensation of Springback and Application of Numerical Simulation Based on Dynaform

The forming of sheet metal in a desired and attractive shape is a process that requires an understanding of materials, mechanics and manufacturing principles. Manufacturing a consistent sheet metal component is challenging due to the nonlinear interactions of various material and process parameters. One of the major issues in the manufacturing of inconsistent?sheet metal?parts is springback. Springback is the elastic strain recovery in the material after the tooling is removed and the final shape of the product depends on the springback amount formed. In this study according to the result of simulation the inverted compensation method is adopted to optimize die surface design. Similarly, to predict and compensate the springback error this study presented an analytical approach of forming process in a stepwise modification of the automobile roof panel. Moreover, based on?Dynaform?and?finite element analysis of sheet metal stamping simulation the sprinback in automobile roof panel is predicted and compensated.?In addition, this study examines the significant requirements of the sheet metal forming precision of automobile body and the simulation of forming, stamping and springback of automobile roof panel is carried out, and the result of simulation also is analyzed.

Experimental Study on Springback of Sheet Metal Single Point Incremental Forming

Sheet metal single point incremental forming （SPIF） is a new technology for flexible process. The springback phenomenon in single point incremental forming has been discussed. Effects of forming angle and shape of the part are analysed using simple experimental method. Tool diameter, sheet thickness, step size, material parameters and the interaction of them are also analysed by using orthogonal test. The results show that the primary factor af- fecting springback is forming angle. In addition, springback is decreased when the specimen has a larger forming angle. The order of the four factors that influence springback is tool diameter, sheet thickness, step size and material parameters. The forming precision will increase if springabck is decreased by optimizing the forming parameters.

基于Autoform和Dynaform软件的超高强钢零件仿真对比

目的研究商用软件Autoform和Dynaform对超高强钢零件的回弹预测精度。方法以某车型前围板中间横梁零件冲压成形过程为例,分别基于Autoform和Dynaform软件建立冲压有限元模型模拟冲压成形和回弹过程,对两种软件成形性和回弹计算结果进行比较和讨论分析。结果 Dynaform和Autoform两种软件在成形性计算时结果比较一致,相同位置Autoform计算减薄率为16%,Dynaform为16.2%;Dynaform计算的最大减薄率为18%,比Autoform的16.2%略大;两种软件基本在相同位置预测出了起皱和开裂现象;比较修边后回弹仿真值与实测值,Dynaform计算的偏差满足设定阈值的占51.4%,高出Autoform约20%。结论 Dynaform计算的最大减薄率更大一些,对应量产时较高的安全裕度;同时其回弹计算结果与实测回弹值更为接近,回弹预测精度更高。

基于Dynaform的梁类件成形分析及回弹研究

利用板料成形有限元数值模拟仿真软件Dynaform对某款车前悬架安装梁中段进行成形设计与分析,对拉深冲压后卸载与切边过程中产生的回弹进行了模拟测量,通过运用CMM测量法对实际生产的样件进行回弹测量,并对两者的测量结果进行对比分析,验证了模拟过程在实际生产中的合理性与可行性。

利用AutoForm软件解决汽车后纵梁回弹问题

借助Auto Form软件,利用汽车板成形的有限元模拟分析技术,对某车型后纵梁冲压设计工艺方案进行了模拟分析。为了消除U形纵梁成形缺陷,进行了正交试验设计,根据CAE技术在模具设计调试过程中的指导作用,并依据模拟结果对零件拉延工艺方案进行分析、判断和优化,通过对拉延筋参数进行优化,解决了后纵梁回弹问题。

基于Autoform的汽车翼子板回弹补偿方法研究

针对汽车外覆盖件的特点,运用Autoform对汽车翼子板进行工艺数值模拟的回弹补偿,将补偿后的数值进行光学检测以及CAE回弹仿真分析,得到优化后的模具型面,利用优化后的模具型面进行模具设计。实践证明,在保证车身外覆盖件成形质量的同时,提高了车身外覆盖件回弹补偿的精确度。

基于Dynaform的汽车门槛内板零件回弹特性分析

应用一种专业板料冲压CAE分析软件-Dynaform,对一种汽车典型冲压件-汽车门槛内板零件进行回弹特性分析,通过计算机数值模拟试验得到了最佳的冲压速度和压边力参数。将此试验结果应用于实际生产,有效克服了此零件的回弹缺陷,获得了成功产品。

Springback of thin-walled tube NC precision bending and its numerical simulation

The springback is one of the key factors which affect the forming quality of thin-walled tube NC precision bending. The elastic-plastic finite element method was proposed to study the springback process of thin-walled tube NC precision bending and the combination of dynamic explicit algorithm and the static implicit algorithm was proposed to solve the whole process of thin-walled tube NC precision bending. Then, the 3D elastic-plastic finite element model was established based on the DYNAFORM platform, and the model was verified to be reasonable. At last, the springback rule of thin-walled tube NC precision bending and the effect of geometry and material parameters on the springback rule of thin-walled tube NC precision bending were studied, which is useful to controlling the springback of thin-walled tube NC precision bending, and the numerical simulation method can be used to study other effect of parameters on the forming quality of thin-walled tube NC precision bending.

Key technologies of roll forming automobile components with AHSS

Lightweight design is one of the development trends of the automobile industry. An effective way to achieve lightweight auto bodies is to use AHSS （advanced high strength steel ） for the safety components of automobiles. This study has taken doorsill reinforcements made of martensite AHSS as the object ,and performed research on the AHSS roll forming technologies and prototype development of typical asymmetric open components. By means of finite element analysis （FEA） and simulation,studies have been carried out on the springback and edge wave defects during AHSS roll forming ,and an optimized process design has been achieved. The generation mechanisms of vertical bows ,horizontal cambers, twists,pre-punched hole distortion and cut end flare have been analyzed,and solutions to these defects have been given. In addition,tesing of the roll forming process for AHSS has been conducted and typical samples with required dimensional accuracy have been manufactured. This study has provided technical support for the large-scale application of AHSS.

基于DEFORM的金属焊丝盘线材弯曲回弹研究

针对线材弯曲成型所存在的回弹问题,本文基于DEFORM软件,对梅花骨金属焊丝盘线材弯曲回弹进行分析。建立了金属焊丝盘线材4个部位的模型,对回弹量数据进行分析,提取模拟分析中线材的坐标,并通过坐标变换,计算回弹量的大小。计算结果表明,通过模型a,c和d弯曲回弹后的坐标变化,得其回弹角分别为0.132°,4.103°,2.825°,由于模型a的回弹量较小,可以忽略不计。该研究为模具的进一步优化提供了理论依据。

工艺参数对AZ31B镁合金单点渐进翻边精度的影响

目的以AZ31B镁合金板为研究对象,研究初始成形角、工具直径、成形温度及层间距对单点渐进圆孔翻边精度的影响规律。方法使用有限元软件对2 mm厚的镁合金板材进行数值模拟,通过计算翻边直壁处的平均回弹量,得出不同工艺参数对单点渐进圆孔翻边直壁轮廓的影响规律。通过正交实验分析了交互作用下工艺参数对圆孔翻边直壁处平均回弹量的影响,通过极差分析确定了最优工艺参数组合,并通过实验对所得结果进行了验证。结果随着初始成形角的增大、工具直径的增大、成形温度的升高及层间距的减小,圆孔翻边制件直壁处的成形精度提高,各因素按影响程度由大到小的顺序依次为:成形温度、初始成形角、工具直径和层间距。成形精度最高的工艺参数组合如下:初始成形角为30°、工具直径为10 mm、成形温度为275℃、层间距为0.5 mm。结论采用仿真模型模拟单点渐进圆孔翻边过程具有较高的准确性,使用优化后的工艺参数得到翻边零件直壁区域的最小厚度以及平均回弹量与仿真结果误差均在3%以内,升高温度可以明显提高单点渐进圆孔翻边的制件精度。

差厚板U形件工艺孔成形性能仿真

以冷冲压差厚板U形件作为研究对象,通过有限元仿真分析了工艺孔的位置、数量、尺寸以及形状对成形性能的影响.结果表明,差厚板在薄区侧壁处开孔时有利于减少侧壁的残余应力;差厚板的回弹与工艺孔在板件中的位置分布关系不大,与工艺孔的数量、半径及形状有关.从成形性能和回弹影响角度考虑,工艺孔优先选差厚板U形件端部的厚区与过渡区区域,如果必须在侧壁开孔,优选侧壁薄区区域.在相邻区域,工艺孔的数量尽量不超过2个,工艺孔尺寸小一些更合适,工艺孔形状沿轧制方向距离越小越合适.

基于全型面补偿的叶片弯曲回弹控制研究

为了研究高强度钢板在弯曲成形后的回弹变形,以某搅拌机叶片为研究对象,采用全型面迭代补偿法对叶片弯曲回弹进行数值模拟与实验研究。首先利用CAE软件对叶片弯曲成形进行数值模拟,并得到其型面关键点的回弹量;然后通过弯曲实验测其型面上对应关键点的实际回弹量;再将模拟回弹量与实测回弹量进行对比,来验证数值模拟的可靠性;最后将模拟回弹量对叶片模具型面先后进行两次全型面迭代补偿,最终将其弯曲后的回弹量控制在所允许的公差范围内。研究结果表明:模拟结果与试验结果在型面关键点的回弹量基本一致,全型面迭代补偿法能有效地控制制件的最终回弹量。

工艺参数对机匣冷态强力旋压力学行为影响规律研究

针对航空钣金机匣材料难于成形,且成形后的产品精度难以控制等问题,本文以高温合金GH3030为材料,在阐明钣金机匣冷态强旋成形回弹理论与载荷作用机制基础上,使用SIMUFACT.FORMING有限元软件,导入实验室之前所得到的GH3030的本构方程,在软件中建立了航空机匣锥形件冷态强旋的仿真模型,分析了旋轮间隙、旋轮进给比、芯模半锥角等旋压参数对钣金机匣冷态强旋成形回弹与载荷的影响规律;采用正交实验得到了各工艺参数对回弹角度影响的主次规律,并在此基础之上得到最优工艺参数组合;采用BBD(Box-Behnken design)响应曲面设计实验方法,得到旋压过程中最大成形力与旋压参数的量化回归模型,并对回归方程进行方差分析,计算回归方程的多元相关系数、可信度以及精确度。最终结果表明:所得到的模型的可信度和精准度较高;在最终实验结果与仿真结果中取点验证,发现误差在10%以内,因此,回归模型较为精准。最后,进行了旋压实验,对比分析了仿真结果与旋压实验实测结果的回弹角度,其平均误差在6.2%以内,验证了仿真结果及回归模型的可靠性。研究表明:仿真分析的回弹角度与实验测得回弹角度变化趋势几乎相同,并且误差较小,控制在12%以内,表明仿真分析的结果能够较准确地展现旋压件的回弹规律。本文的研究结果为实现高温合金钣金机匣锥形件冷强旋的精确成形提供了理论指导和技术支持。

INVESTIGATION INTO THE SPRINGBACK OF PIPE BENDING USING INDUCTION HEATING

Stresses and deformation states of pipe bending are investigated under loading or unloading with various pipe materials, size, bending radius and deformation temperature. A theorem of springback of large diameter pipe bending is presented. The experiments are carried out with pipe materials of 20, 10CrMo910 and 12Cr1MoV steel. Results of computations are in good agreement with experiments.

GH536燃烧室帽罩粘性介质压力成形贴模性数值分析

针对航空发动机燃烧室帽罩贴模性难以精确控制等问题,进行了粘性介质压力成形工艺数值分析,根据成形压力与保压时间的不同,建立了7组粘性介质成形有限元模型,探究成形压力和保压时间对壁厚变化及回弹分布的影响。结果显示,在保压时间一定的情况下,成形压力从20 MPa提高到80 MPa时,帽罩成形的壁厚差从2%降低至0.7%,成形压力为80 MPa时回弹量达到最低值,与成形压力20 MPa相比,回弹量降低约47.1%。在成形压力一定的情况下,保压时间为0.10 s时回弹量达到最低值,与保压时间0.06 s相比,回弹量降低约60.8%。在选定参数范围内,提高成形压力可提高帽罩粘性介质成形的贴模性,相比保压时间,成形压力对帽罩缺陷特征的影响更显著,考虑到高减薄率及增厚率带来的破裂、褶皱等风险,最终选择成形压力为80 MPa,保压时间为0.10 s。

成形路径对Al/CFRTP/Al层板冲压成形特性的影响

为提升纤维金属层板成形质量和成形精度,研究了不同成形路径对Al/CFRTP/Al层板冲压成形特性的影响规律。通过回弹角度测量、微观形貌分析以及三点弯曲试验,研究了制板成形、成形固化和混合共冲3种不同成形路径对纤维金属层板U形件成形特性的影响。结果表明,混合共冲制备的试件回弹角度为1.34°,中间层内外侧0°方向碳纤维发生拉伸断裂,并形成了贫富树脂区和厚度不均匀等宏观缺陷。成形固化制备的试件回弹角度为2.84°,中间层内外侧0°方向碳纤维均发生拉伸断裂,厚度分布均匀,无宏观缺陷,综合性能较好,成形质量较为可控。