[Objective] The aim was to study the reasons for consecutive severe droughts in autumn and winter. [Method] By dint of precipitation in the observatory station and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in observatory station, the...[Objective] The aim was to study the reasons for consecutive severe droughts in autumn and winter. [Method] By dint of precipitation in the observatory station and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in observatory station, the circulation background, vertical movement, abnormal temperature and changes of water vapor conditions in Xuzhou from October 2008 to January 2009 were expounded to reveal the causes for consecutive drought in autumn and winter. [Result] Xuzhou was under stable situation for a long time in autumn and winter in 2008, being behind east coastal trough, the downward airstream prevailing; the south trough intensity was weak, and in addition to the east subtropical high and weak intensity, the water vapor transportation condition in Indian Ocean and South Sea was unfavorable. The autumn was warm and the cold air was weak; ever since winter, there were several cold air activities. But the influencing body was in the east, and the south warm and wet airstream was insufficient. Thus, they couldn’t met, which resulted into gale and lower temperature and less precipitation when under the influence of cold air. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the prevention of drought in the area.展开更多
作为世界干旱气候研究动态及进展综述的续篇(Ⅱ),本文将进一步从纵向评述世界干旱气候在干旱指数、干旱区划分及分布、干旱气候变化、成因及预测等5核心内容的主要研究进展。要点如下:(1)各国先后共已提出了几十种有效的干旱指数;例如...作为世界干旱气候研究动态及进展综述的续篇(Ⅱ),本文将进一步从纵向评述世界干旱气候在干旱指数、干旱区划分及分布、干旱气候变化、成因及预测等5核心内容的主要研究进展。要点如下:(1)各国先后共已提出了几十种有效的干旱指数;例如美国的Palmer干旱强度指数PDSI、标准化的降水指数SPI及卫星植被指数NDVI,特别是最前者,它们已在国内外获广泛应用。(2)当代划分干旱区时,已更多使用有效湿度判据P/PET;在近10种已有的世界干旱区划图中,以Meigs及Hulme and M arsh的图更接近实际,使用者更多;特别是后者。世界干旱半干旱区占全球陆地总面积的35%左右,可分北非、澳大利亚及中蒙等8大干旱区。(3)近千年(特别近百年)的全球气候变化是以全球气温一致变暖,降水气候则更多时、空间变化为主要特征的;近百年全球平均增暖了0.56~0.92℃;全球增暖主要归因于温室气体CO2等排放量增加;过去60年全球干旱变化甚微;各干旱区的温、湿气候变化在年际/年代际尺度上常有增暖变干及增暖变湿两组合型。(4)世界干旱气候成因主要可分为热带海温及地形影响两大类,北非及中蒙干旱区分别是该两类的代表;全球海温(特别是热带各海区的暖海温)及土地的过度利用分别是南撒哈尔大旱的主要及次要成因;而青藏高原等地形及环流则分别是中蒙干旱形成的主要及次要成因。(5)干旱气候预测重点要抓年代际干旱的预测,其预测仍要走天气学、统计学及动力学延伸预测相结合之路。展开更多
基金Supported by Xuzhou Scientific Program (XM09B023)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the reasons for consecutive severe droughts in autumn and winter. [Method] By dint of precipitation in the observatory station and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in observatory station, the circulation background, vertical movement, abnormal temperature and changes of water vapor conditions in Xuzhou from October 2008 to January 2009 were expounded to reveal the causes for consecutive drought in autumn and winter. [Result] Xuzhou was under stable situation for a long time in autumn and winter in 2008, being behind east coastal trough, the downward airstream prevailing; the south trough intensity was weak, and in addition to the east subtropical high and weak intensity, the water vapor transportation condition in Indian Ocean and South Sea was unfavorable. The autumn was warm and the cold air was weak; ever since winter, there were several cold air activities. But the influencing body was in the east, and the south warm and wet airstream was insufficient. Thus, they couldn’t met, which resulted into gale and lower temperature and less precipitation when under the influence of cold air. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the prevention of drought in the area.
文摘作为世界干旱气候研究动态及进展综述的续篇(Ⅱ),本文将进一步从纵向评述世界干旱气候在干旱指数、干旱区划分及分布、干旱气候变化、成因及预测等5核心内容的主要研究进展。要点如下:(1)各国先后共已提出了几十种有效的干旱指数;例如美国的Palmer干旱强度指数PDSI、标准化的降水指数SPI及卫星植被指数NDVI,特别是最前者,它们已在国内外获广泛应用。(2)当代划分干旱区时,已更多使用有效湿度判据P/PET;在近10种已有的世界干旱区划图中,以Meigs及Hulme and M arsh的图更接近实际,使用者更多;特别是后者。世界干旱半干旱区占全球陆地总面积的35%左右,可分北非、澳大利亚及中蒙等8大干旱区。(3)近千年(特别近百年)的全球气候变化是以全球气温一致变暖,降水气候则更多时、空间变化为主要特征的;近百年全球平均增暖了0.56~0.92℃;全球增暖主要归因于温室气体CO2等排放量增加;过去60年全球干旱变化甚微;各干旱区的温、湿气候变化在年际/年代际尺度上常有增暖变干及增暖变湿两组合型。(4)世界干旱气候成因主要可分为热带海温及地形影响两大类,北非及中蒙干旱区分别是该两类的代表;全球海温(特别是热带各海区的暖海温)及土地的过度利用分别是南撒哈尔大旱的主要及次要成因;而青藏高原等地形及环流则分别是中蒙干旱形成的主要及次要成因。(5)干旱气候预测重点要抓年代际干旱的预测,其预测仍要走天气学、统计学及动力学延伸预测相结合之路。
