In order to study the effects of different extraction methods on the molar mass distribution and chain conformation of Fortunella margarita （Lour.） Swingle polysaccharides （FP）, we used extraction by hot water （...In order to study the effects of different extraction methods on the molar mass distribution and chain conformation of Fortunella margarita （Lour.） Swingle polysaccharides （FP）, we used extraction by hot water （WFP）, ultrasonic-assisted treatment （UFP）, microwave-assisted treatment （MFP） and ultrasonic/microwave-assisted treatment （UMFP）, and then Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy as well as 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectroscopy to characterize the structural properties of FP extracted. The molar weight （Mw）, polydispersity index （Mw/Mn）, root-mean-square （RMS） turning radius （Rg）, molar mass distribution and chain conformation of FP were studied systematically using size-exclusion chromatography （SEC）, multi-angle laser light-scattering （MALLS） and refractive index （RI）. WFP, UFP, MFP and UMFP are all typical carbohydrates according to 1H NMR, laC NMR and FT-IR measurements. The type of glycosidic linkage is mainly a fl-glycosidic bond with a small amount of a-glycosidic bond. The results obtained by the SEC-MALLS-RI system showed the molar masses of WFP and UMFP were distributed mainly in the range of 5.0x10^6-1.0x10^7 g-mo1-1 and they accounted for 57.80% and 56.84% of total FP, respectively. The molar masses of UFP and MFP were distributed mainly in the 1.0x10^6-5.0x10^6 g.mol-1 range, which accounted for 38.24% and 52.39% of FP, respectively. WFP and UMFP in water were uniform spherical polymers; UFP and MFP were typical highly branched polymers and the degree of branching for MFP was higher compared to UFP. These results indicated the ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted extraction methods caused a significant decrease of the molar mass of FP but the ultrasonic/microwave synergistic extraction method had no effect.展开更多
Fortunella margarita（Lour.） Swingle, commonly known as kumquat, is the smallest citrus fruit. It thrives in southeastern China and is widely cultivated and consumed in the world due to its multiple health benefits. ...Fortunella margarita（Lour.） Swingle, commonly known as kumquat, is the smallest citrus fruit. It thrives in southeastern China and is widely cultivated and consumed in the world due to its multiple health benefits. It has been used as an important herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine and also as one of the most popular fruits. There are various kinds of bioactive compounds in F. margarita, such as polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins, dietary fiber, etc. In addition, many studies have reported that these bioactive compounds can be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, drosophila lure components in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and daily chemical products due to their biological activities. This review focuses on the structural features and biological activities of polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils and flavonoids and other bioactive substances from F. margarita and their potential applications in food, daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.展开更多
Six compounds were isolated from ethanol extract of fresh fruit peel of Fortunella margarita(Lour.) Swingle by column chromatography.By means of MS and NMR technique,the six compounds are identified as follows: fortun...Six compounds were isolated from ethanol extract of fresh fruit peel of Fortunella margarita(Lour.) Swingle by column chromatography.By means of MS and NMR technique,the six compounds are identified as follows: fortunellin(Ⅰ),phloretin-3′,5′-di-C-β-glucopyranoside(Ⅱ),rutin(Ⅲ),4′-methoxy vitexin-2″-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(Ⅳ),rhoifolin(Ⅴ) and β-daucosterol(Ⅵ),in which contents of compound Ⅰ and Ⅱ are the highest and compound Ⅴ is obtained from fruit peel of F.margarita at the first time.展开更多
【目的】筛选出金橘保果壮果的理想植物生长调节剂,以促进金橘产业的健康快速发展。【方法】于金橘谢花7 d后喷施30 m L/L赤霉素(GA3),间隔7和14 d后再分别喷施一次30 m L/L GA3+10 m L/L萘乙酸(NAA)(处理1)、5 m L/L CTK+10 m L/L NAA...【目的】筛选出金橘保果壮果的理想植物生长调节剂,以促进金橘产业的健康快速发展。【方法】于金橘谢花7 d后喷施30 m L/L赤霉素(GA3),间隔7和14 d后再分别喷施一次30 m L/L GA3+10 m L/L萘乙酸(NAA)(处理1)、5 m L/L CTK+10 m L/L NAA(处理2)、1 m L/L噻苯隆(处理3),以喷清水为对照,观察测定各处理的坐果率、果实生长发育规律、产量及单果重。【结果】以处理1和处理3的金橘坐果率较高,均在20.00%以上,比对照提高了49.96%和46.68%。处理2和处理3的果实生长发育较快,其果实横径比对照增加了3.12和2.80 mm,纵径比对照增加了3.66和1.97 mm。在单果重与产量方面,也是以处理2、处理3的效果较显著,单株产量较对照提高了13.5%和11.6%,单果重比对照增加了34.0%和26.9%。【结论】在金橘谢花后7 d喷施一次30 m L/L GA3,间隔7和14 d后再分别喷施一次5 m L/L CTK+10m L/L NAA,可有效提高果实产量和经济效益,建议生产上大力推广应用。展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan Major Project of Fujian Province(2013Y0003)Agricultural Products(fruits and vegetables) Processing Engineering Technology Research Center Funding Projects of Fujian Province(2009N2002)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Support Plan of Institution of Higher Learning in Fujian Province([2012]03)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Support Plan of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(cxtd12009)
文摘In order to study the effects of different extraction methods on the molar mass distribution and chain conformation of Fortunella margarita （Lour.） Swingle polysaccharides （FP）, we used extraction by hot water （WFP）, ultrasonic-assisted treatment （UFP）, microwave-assisted treatment （MFP） and ultrasonic/microwave-assisted treatment （UMFP）, and then Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy as well as 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectroscopy to characterize the structural properties of FP extracted. The molar weight （Mw）, polydispersity index （Mw/Mn）, root-mean-square （RMS） turning radius （Rg）, molar mass distribution and chain conformation of FP were studied systematically using size-exclusion chromatography （SEC）, multi-angle laser light-scattering （MALLS） and refractive index （RI）. WFP, UFP, MFP and UMFP are all typical carbohydrates according to 1H NMR, laC NMR and FT-IR measurements. The type of glycosidic linkage is mainly a fl-glycosidic bond with a small amount of a-glycosidic bond. The results obtained by the SEC-MALLS-RI system showed the molar masses of WFP and UMFP were distributed mainly in the range of 5.0x10^6-1.0x10^7 g-mo1-1 and they accounted for 57.80% and 56.84% of total FP, respectively. The molar masses of UFP and MFP were distributed mainly in the 1.0x10^6-5.0x10^6 g.mol-1 range, which accounted for 38.24% and 52.39% of FP, respectively. WFP and UMFP in water were uniform spherical polymers; UFP and MFP were typical highly branched polymers and the degree of branching for MFP was higher compared to UFP. These results indicated the ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted extraction methods caused a significant decrease of the molar mass of FP but the ultrasonic/microwave synergistic extraction method had no effect.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2016J05068)High Level University Construction Projects of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(612014042)+2 种基金Science and Technology Development Foundation Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KF2015101)Leading Talents Support Program of Science and Technology Innovation in Fujian Province(KRC16002A)Excellent Talents Support Program of Colleges and Universities in Fujian Province(JA14094)
文摘Fortunella margarita（Lour.） Swingle, commonly known as kumquat, is the smallest citrus fruit. It thrives in southeastern China and is widely cultivated and consumed in the world due to its multiple health benefits. It has been used as an important herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine and also as one of the most popular fruits. There are various kinds of bioactive compounds in F. margarita, such as polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins, dietary fiber, etc. In addition, many studies have reported that these bioactive compounds can be used as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, drosophila lure components in functional foods, pharmaceuticals and daily chemical products due to their biological activities. This review focuses on the structural features and biological activities of polysaccharides, limonoids, essential oils and flavonoids and other bioactive substances from F. margarita and their potential applications in food, daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
文摘Six compounds were isolated from ethanol extract of fresh fruit peel of Fortunella margarita(Lour.) Swingle by column chromatography.By means of MS and NMR technique,the six compounds are identified as follows: fortunellin(Ⅰ),phloretin-3′,5′-di-C-β-glucopyranoside(Ⅱ),rutin(Ⅲ),4′-methoxy vitexin-2″-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(Ⅳ),rhoifolin(Ⅴ) and β-daucosterol(Ⅵ),in which contents of compound Ⅰ and Ⅱ are the highest and compound Ⅴ is obtained from fruit peel of F.margarita at the first time.
文摘【目的】筛选出金橘保果壮果的理想植物生长调节剂,以促进金橘产业的健康快速发展。【方法】于金橘谢花7 d后喷施30 m L/L赤霉素(GA3),间隔7和14 d后再分别喷施一次30 m L/L GA3+10 m L/L萘乙酸(NAA)(处理1)、5 m L/L CTK+10 m L/L NAA(处理2)、1 m L/L噻苯隆(处理3),以喷清水为对照,观察测定各处理的坐果率、果实生长发育规律、产量及单果重。【结果】以处理1和处理3的金橘坐果率较高,均在20.00%以上,比对照提高了49.96%和46.68%。处理2和处理3的果实生长发育较快,其果实横径比对照增加了3.12和2.80 mm,纵径比对照增加了3.66和1.97 mm。在单果重与产量方面,也是以处理2、处理3的效果较显著,单株产量较对照提高了13.5%和11.6%,单果重比对照增加了34.0%和26.9%。【结论】在金橘谢花后7 d喷施一次30 m L/L GA3,间隔7和14 d后再分别喷施一次5 m L/L CTK+10m L/L NAA,可有效提高果实产量和经济效益,建议生产上大力推广应用。
