GP Algorithm-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum Trend Term Removal Model

Trend term removal is a key step in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)data pre-processing.The most commonly used least squares(LS)method,although satisfying the real-time requirement,has many problems such as highly correlated initial values of the expression parameters,the need to pre-estimate the trend term shape,and poor fitting accuracy at low signal-to-noise ratios.In order to achieve real-time and robust trend term removal,a new trend term removal method using genetic programming(GP)in symbolic regression is constructed in this paper,and the FTIR simulation interference results and experimental measurement data for common volatile organic compounds(VOCs)gases are analyzed.The results show that the genetic programming algorithm can both reduce the initial value requirement and greatly improve the trend term accuracy by 20%-30% in three evaluation indicators,which is suitable for gas FTIR detection in complex scenarios.

The role of fluid polarity in the swelling of sodium-montmorillonite clay:A molecular dynamics and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study

Swelling clays are found extensively in various parts of the world, and sodium-montmorillonite(NaMMT) is the main constituent of an expansive clay mineral. In this work, the swelling behavior of NaMMT clay with a wide range of organic fluids, high polar through low polar fluids, is studied using a combination of Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) technique and molecular dynamics(MD) simulations.The construction of the representative clayefluid models is carried out, and the nature of nonbonded interactions between clay and fluids is studied using MD. Our FTIR and MD simulations results suggest the significant nonbonded interactions between Na-MMT clay and polar fluids, such as formamide and water. The nonbonded interactions of Na-MMT with methanol and acetone are significantly less than those in Na-MMT with polar fluids. The interactions of the fluids with various entities of the clay such as Sie O, Fee OH, Mge OH, and Ale OH captured via the spectroscopy experiments and modeling provide a finer understanding of the interactions and their contributions to swelling. The MD simulations are able to capture the band shifts observed in the spectra obtained in the spectroscopy experiments. This work also captures the conformations of interlayer sodium ions with formamide, water, methanol, and acetone during swelling. These nonbonded interactions provide insight into the molecular mechanism that the polarity of fluids plays an important role in the initiation of interlayer swelling, alteration in the orientations, and evolution of microstructure of swelling clays at the molecular scale.

Retrieval algorithm of quantitative analysis of passive Fourier transform infrared (FTRD) remote sensing measurements of chemical gas cloud from measuring the transmissivity by passive remote Fourier transform infrared

Passive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) remote sensing measurement of chemical gas cloud is a vital technology. It takes an important part in many fields for the detection of released gases. The principle of concentration measurement is based on the Beer-Lambert law. Unlike the active measurement, for the passive remote sensing, in most cases, the difference between the temperature of the gas cloud and the brightness temperature of the background is usually a few kelvins. The gas cloud emission is almost equal to the background emission, thereby the emission of the gas cloud cannot be ignored. The concentration retrieval algorithm is quite different from the active measurement. In this paper, the concentration retrieval algorithm for the passive FTIR remote measurement of gas cloud is presented in detail, which involves radiative transfer model, radiometric calibration, absorption coefficient calculation, et al. The background spectrum has a broad feature, which is a slowly varying function of frequency. In this paper, the background spectrum is fitted with a polynomial by using the Levenberg-Marquardt method which is a kind of nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm. No background spectra are required. Thus, this method allows mobile, real-time and fast measurements of gas clouds.

Identification of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometric Analyses

Identification of plant-pathogenic fungi is time-consuming due to cultivation and microscopic examination and can be influenced by the interpretation of the micro-morphological characters observed.The present investigation aimed to create a simple but sophisticated method for the identification of plant-pathogenic fungi by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.In this study,FTIR-attenuated total reflectance(ATR)spectroscopy was used in combination with chemometric analysis for identification of important pathogenic fungi of horticultural plants.Mixtures of mycelia and spores from 27fungal strains belonging to nine different families were collected from liquid PD or solid PDA media cultures and subjected to FTIR-ATR spectroscopy measurements.The FTIR-ATR spectra ranging from 4 000to 400cm-1 were obtained.To classify the FTIRATR spectra,cluster analysis was compared with canonical vitiate analysis(CVA)in the spectral regions of3 050~2 800and 1 800~900cm-1.Results showed that the identification accuracies achieved 97.53%and99.18%for the cluster analysis and CVA analysis,respectively,demonstrating the high potential of this technique for fungal strain identification.

Rapid Method for the Determination of Total Monosaccharide in <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>Strains Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to quantify total monosaccharide content in the bacterium Enterobacter cloacae and several of its biofilm mutants. Bacterial biofilm samples were grown on trypticase soy agar, and 30 μL aliquots of aqueous sample bacterial plus biofilm were deposited into the center of barium fluoride crystals and dried at 50°C for 1-hour before being scanned by FTIR. The total amounts of monosaccharides were estimated using the absorbance of the mono-saccharide peak, 1192 - 958 cm–1, and normalized using the amide II peak, 1585 - 1483 cm–1. This method provided a linear correlation between the absorbance of the monosaccharide peak and concentration of monosaccharide in standard monosaccharides, fructose, glucose, mannose, and rhamnose, over a concentration range of 0.5 - 2.0 mg/mL.

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Study of Sodium Phosphate Solids and Solutions

Solids and solutions of sodium phosphates with various chain lengths have been studied by using the techniques of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection- Fourier transform infrared ( ATR- FTIR ) spectroscopy, respectively. A systematic study of the infrared spectra of the solid sodium phosphates has been conducted on the basis of the information available in the literatures to establish the assignments of the infrared vibrations of the different groups in the phosphate molecules . The infrared spectra of the solutions of sodium phosphates have been analyzed according to the infrared study on the relevant solids , in conjunction with the study of the phosphate species distribution in solution on the basis of the acid- base reaction equilibria. The results obtained have revealed the correlations between the infrared absorption spectra and the structure of the different P-O groups in different hinds of phosphates and are useful in the analysis of

基于移动平台的便携式FTIR灾害现场气体检测技术

傅里叶红外光谱技术(FTIR)的引入极大地提升了气体的检测速度和准确性。然而在石油化工泄露和爆炸、森林火灾等突发危险现场,存在着人力无法现场检测的情况。为了应对这种场景,开发了基于移动平台的便携式FTIR灾害现场气体检测方法。通过将云服务器和树莓派的优势相结合实现远程操作移动平台,将搭载便携式FTIR光谱仪的移动平台远程操作驶入现场,并及时通过4G/5G模块传回现场位置数据、视频数据和光谱气体浓度数据。最后,在野外基地利用该平台进行了实测,对CO_(2)、CO、SO_(2)、C_(6)H_(6)等多种污染气体进行了检测,结果验证了该系统在野外工况下的可靠性。本工作为FTIR光谱仪或其他光谱类检测系统在移动平台上的集成应用提供了思路和解决方案。

Assessment of portable FTIR and Raman spectroscopy for the detection of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB)in plastic explosives

The Marplex Convention was established to prevent the manufacture of unmarked plastic explosives and stipulates that a volatile detection agent must be added at the time of manufacture.However,to-date,laboratory testing remains the internationally accepted practice for identifying and quantifying the taggants stipulated in the Convention.In this project,portable FTIR and Raman instruments were tested for their ability to detect 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB),the chemical marker incorporated in plastic explosives that are manufactured within Australia.While both FTIR and Raman instruments detected solid DMDNB(98%purity),field analysis of plastic explosives at an Australian Defence establishment showed that both FTIR and Raman spectra were matched the relevant explosive(RDX or PETN),rather than the DMDNB taggant.For all three plastic explosives tested,the concentration of DMDNB was measured by SPME-GC-MS to be between 1.8 and 2%,greater than the minimum 1%concentration stipulated by the Marplex Convention.Additional testing with a plastic explosive analogue confirmed that the minor absorption peaks that would characterize low concentrations of DMDNB were masked by absorption bands from other compounds within the solid.Thus,while both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are suitable for detection of plastic explosives,neither rely on the presence of DMDNB for detection.It is likely that similar results would be found for other taggants stipulated by the Marplex Convention,given they are also present in concentrations less than 1%.

当归痛风方对小鼠高尿酸血症肾病的FTIR研究

傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)是鉴别物质和分析物质结构的有效手段,可对样品进行定性和定量分析,广泛应用于医药化工等众多领域。FTIR作为一种操作简便、实用、准确率高和费用低的鉴别方法,如今已经普遍应用于各种药品检验中,而有关其应用于药理研究中还非常少,目前仅有采用红外光谱分析法对各种肿瘤组织进行研究的报道。高尿酸血症肾病是人体血尿酸升高后,过高的尿酸负荷超过肾脏的清除能力,尿酸结晶沉积于集合管、肾盂和尿道等。采用FTIR技术评价高尿酸血症肾病模型,并评价药物的药效,具有一定的可行性。该实验为探讨FTIR评价高尿酸血症肾病模型和当归痛风方疗效的科学性,将60只KM小鼠随机分为6组,正常对照组、模型组、阳性对照组和当归痛风方低、中、高组,采用氧嗪酸钾复制高尿酸血症肾病模型,灌胃当归痛风方,检测血清UA、尿液UA、血清CRE、尿液CRE、血清IL-1β和肾脏IL-1β、肾脏FTIR谱图等,并观察肾脏的病理变化。结果表明模型组各项指标与正常组比较有统计学意义(p<0.05),当归痛风方高剂量组的血清UA、血清CRE、血清IL-1β和肾脏IL-1β等与模型组比较且有统计学意义(p<0.05)。当归痛风方高剂量组肾脏的病理变化有所改善,无炎性细胞浸润,管腔内无管型,说明对肾损伤具有保护作用。各组FTIR谱有明显的差异,模型组的强度均低于正常组,阳性对照组和当归痛风方高剂量组谱接近正常组,进一步说明当归痛风方对肾损伤具有保护作用。研究表明FTIR可以作为一种简便快捷灵活经济的评价动物模型及药物疗效的方法之一,也为高尿酸血症肾病模型及有效药物的筛选提供了一个有意义的技术手段。该实验拓展了FTIR检测方法的使用范围。

模块化FTIR测定FCV用氢气痕量杂质

设计构建了用于质子交换膜燃料电池汽车(FCV)氢气痕量杂质的模块化FTIR分析表征平台,开发了适用于氢气痕量杂质的分析方法,无需处理一次进样,能够同时快速测定HCOOH、CO、CO_(2)、NH_(3)、H_(2)O、CH_(4)、C_(2)H_(4)、C_(2)H_(6)、HCHO等多种痕量级别杂质。考察了各含氢杂质分析的影响因素,精选了杂质物种定性区域,优化了定量方法,提出了实用性强的定量检出限,在降低了背景气和空白气纯度的要求也能确保限值浓度准确测定。九种杂质的计算方法检出限达到ASTM D7653-18参考值,其定量限也均低于ISO 14687:2019相应的限值,定量线性范围约2个数量级,相关系数均大于0.999,准确度和精密度均不高于10%,通过ISO 21087:2019规定的方法适用性验证规则,满足ISO 14687:19相应的质控标准。根据不同场景需求,样品模块、气体净化控制模块、配气模块、红外分析模块和尾气处理模块可以有机结合并具有良好的实用性和扩展性,尾气处理后氢气浓度可降至100μmol·mol^(-1)以下排放,满足安全绿色环保的要求。与实验室其他参考方法测定值有较好的一致性,并已在FCV氢气工业生产样品质量检测中得到应用,它将从实验室离线方法逐步发展成为适用于工业不同场景的在线方法,这对燃料级氢气品质体系的建立、纯化技术的推广应用及燃料电池催化剂新材料开发均具有意义。

Thermal,infrared spectroscopy and molecular modeling characterization of bone:An insight in the apatite-collagen type I interaction

An insight into the interaction of collagen type I with apatite in bone tissue was performed by using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. Scanning electron microscopy shows that bone organic content incinerate gradually through the different temperatures studied. We suggest that the amide regions of the type I collagen molecule (mainly C=O groups of the peptide bonds) will be important in the control of the interactions with the apatite from bone. The amide I infrared bands of the collagen type I change when interacting to apatite, what might confirm our assumption. Bone tissue results in a loss of thermal stability compared to the collagen studied apart, as a consequence of the degradation and further combustion of the collagen in contact with the apatite microcrystals in bone. The thermal behavior of bone is very distinctive. Its main typical combustion temperature is at 360°C with a shoulder at 550°C compared to the thermal behavior of collagen, with the mean combustion peak at ca. 500°C. Our studies with molecular mechanics (MM+ force field) showed different interaction energies of the collagen-like molecule and different models of the apatite crystal planes. We used models of the apatite (100) and (001) planes;additional two planes (001) were explored with phosphate-rich and calcium-rich faces;an energetic preference was found in the latter case. We preliminary conclude that the peptide bond of collagen type I is modified when the molecule interacts with the apatite, producing a decrease in the main peak from ca. 500°C in collagen, up to 350°C in bone. The combustion might be related to collagen type I, as the ΔH energies present only small variations between mineralized and non-mineralized samples. The data obtained here give a molecular perspective into the structural properties of bone and the change in collagen properties caused by the interaction with the apatite. Our study can be useful to understand the biological synthesis of minerals as well as the organic-inorganic interaction and the synthesis of apatite implant materials.

用FTIR光谱仪测量排气系统中红外光谱辐射强度的方法

通过理论分析及实验研究讨论了傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪测量排气系统中红外光谱辐射强度过程中误差产生的原因,设计了一套简易有效的测量方法.用此方法测量了黑体和热喷流的光谱辐射强度.结果表明:该测量方法能够有效地获得排气系统的中红外光谱辐射强度,具有工程实用价值.

铬诱导植物根细胞壁化学成分变化的FTIR表征

随着制革、电镀等行业的发展,铬污染已成为严重的环境问题而受到人们的关注。铬在植物体内主要积累于根部,植物根细胞壁化学变化与金属元素在植物体内的蓄积行为有密切关系。与其他方法比较,应用OMNI采样器-FTIR直接测定法表征细胞化学成分变化具有简便、快速和准确的优点。文章用FTIR对凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)和空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)根细胞壁进行了测定、分析和指认,并利用半定量分析方法研究了铬处理和对照处理下根细胞壁红外光谱的差异。结果表明,铬处理的凤眼莲和空心莲子草根细胞壁上的—OH向低频分别发生了20和6 cm-1的位移,同时凤眼莲的根细胞壁上—OH和自由羧基COO-等吸附位点数目较对照均有所增加,而空心莲子草则相反。说明这些基团与铬的结合密切相关,进一步解释了凤眼莲耐铬及其在根部积累铬的机理,说明FTIR在监测逆境诱导植物化学成分变化和环境绿色修复方面具有广泛的应用前景。

FTIR多组分定量分析方法及其应用

研究了红外光谱法在气体多组分同时定量分析中的应用 ;运用气体混合物同时定量分析的方法 ,得到了 N2 O、NO、NO2 、SO2 和 CO2 5种气体在 1 0 0°C下的校正曲线 ;将此分析方法应用于燃煤烟气中 NO的选择性催化氧化实验 ,对催化剂的活性进行了在线分析和考评。实验证明此方法可精确测量反应中各物种的变化情况 ,对于具有红外吸收的气体 ,是一种普适性的分析方法。

基于FTIR的SBS改性沥青老化特性分析

采用宏观和微观分析相结合的方法,细致区分了SBS改性沥青中沥青相和SBS相各自的老化特性.通过常规指标试验评价了SBS改性沥青热氧老化前后的物理性能差异,并将其与基质沥青对比,得出SBS改性沥青的老化规律为黏度增加、变形能力下降.采用傅里叶红外光谱技术(FTIR)定量分析了SBS改性沥青老化前后结构与性能的关系,发现SBS改性沥青在老化时主要发生吸氧反应,并伴随着SBS中丁二烯C—C键的断裂.老化过程中,SBS改性沥青FTIR特征峰的定量变化与其宏观性能间具有明确的定量关系.

FTIR光谱方法对比分析少年和老年软骨成分含量

利用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱方法测量了少年和老年人软骨的红外光谱。由OMNIC5．2软件计算了软骨中主要有机成分（胶原）和无机成分相关光谱带的积分面积。对代表有机物和无机物的某些谱带面积大小进行了比较。结果表明：软骨中有机成分（酰氨Ⅰ）含量与无机成分（PO4^3-）含量之比少年是老年人的5～7倍；然而脂类含量却有很大的不同，对脂类（1747cm^-1）与无机物（PO4^3-）的谱带积分面积进行比较，老年人软骨中脂类含量明显高于少年。作者认为人体随着年龄的增加，全身性的退化在软骨中的总体表现为有机成分（胶原）的减少（而脂类含量却增加）和无机成分（磷酸盐、碳酸盐等）相对的增加，使得软骨骨质变脆，失去过多弹性，耐磨性减低，是进一步容易导致骨病和骨伤的原因。

7份不同产地野生甜茶FTIR指纹图谱及其甜茶苷含量比较分析

本研究运用傅里叶变换红外光谱法,采集7份不同产地甜茶叶片的FTIR图谱,结合相关性系数和二阶导数方法对其红外光谱特征进行指认,并比较各供试甜茶的红外指纹图谱及甜茶苷含量间差异。研究结果表明,依据不同产地甜茶红外指纹图谱特征,可以将其归结为3大类Ⅰ类包括:金秀、荔浦、平南、象州及永福等地的甜茶,相关系数在0.992～0.999间;Ⅱ类包括第Ⅰ类型以外的广西其它采集地区的甜茶,相关性系数主要集中在0.984～0.990之间;Ⅲ类包括广东分布区,该区甜茶与广西分布区甜茶的相关系数均在0.986以下。供试甜茶与甜茶苷标准品的光谱特征比较结果表明,不同产地甜茶甜茶苷含量有较大差异。其中,广西金秀和广西平南产的甜茶叶片中甜茶苷含量最高,广西岑溪产的甜茶叶片中甜茶苷含量最低。所以,运用FTIR技术可以对不同产地甜茶进行分析并快速鉴别出不同产地甜茶中甜茶苷含量差异。本研究结果对广西地区甜茶的引种驯化和合理开发利用有一定指导意义。

栽培与野生黄花蒿中化学组分的FTIR表征及青蒿素含量比较分析

本研究运用FTIR技术,对栽培和野生黄花蒿不同部位化学成分的红外光谱特征进行指认,并比较分析两者不同部位青蒿素含量差异。结果显示:酰胺、芳香类物质均以栽培黄花蒿茎和叶片中多;可溶性多糖和糖苷类物质,栽培与野生黄花蒿茎中含量相近,但是,叶片中含量以栽培黄花蒿高;纤维素类物质,栽培茎少于野生茎,而两种黄花蒿叶片的纤维素含量相近。与青蒿素标准品比较,栽培和野生黄花蒿不同部位青蒿素含量有一定差异,其中栽培叶最高,其次是野生叶,栽培茎的含量最低。所以,运用FTIR技术可以快速判断栽培和野生型黄花蒿主要化学成分的差异,本研究对黄花蒿的引种驯化和良种选育工作有一定指导意义。

FTIR-ATR法对人体胆结石中胆固醇和胆红素的定量分析研究

目的:建立傅立叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱法(FTIR-ATR)同时测定胆结石中的胆固醇和胆红素的含量。方法:无需溶解和提取,分别选择胆结石中互不干扰的胆固醇特征吸收峰1049 cm-1和胆红素特征吸收峰1245 cm-1作为各自的定量吸收峰,利用基线吸收度法,直接地同时测定胆结石中的胆固醇和胆红素的含量。结果:胆固醇和胆红素的浓度与其峰高的线性范围分别为32.1-45.2μg·mg-1和13.2-44.2μg·mg-1,相关系数分别为0.9995和0.9987,说明符合Beer-Lambert’s定律。胆固醇和胆红素的回收率分别为100.4%和99.2%,RSD分别为2.1%和2.0%(n=3)。并与HPLC方法所测结果做了比较,发现2个方法所测含量结果基本相符。结论:本方法操作简便,无污染,结果准确可靠,可用于胆结石中胆固醇和胆红素含量的同时测定。