Rapid and sensitive analysis of trace b-blockers by magnetic solidphase extraction coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

A rapid and sensitive method for analyzing trace b-blockers in complex biological samples,which involved magnetic solid-phase extraction(MSPE)coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FTICR-MS),was developed.Novel nanosilver-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with an interlayer of poly(3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)(polyDOPA@Ag-MNPs)were synthesized and used as MSPE adsorbents to extract trace b-blockers from biological samples.After extraction,the analytes loaded on the polyDOPA@Ag-MNPs were desorbed using an organic solvent and analyzed by FTICR-MS.The method was rapid and sensitive,with a total detection procedure of less than 10 min as well as limits of detection and quantification in the ranges of 3.5-6.8 pg/mL and 11.7-22.8 pg/mL,respectively.The accuracy of the method was also desirable,with recoveries ranging from 80.9%to 91.0%following the detection of analytes in human blood samples.All the experimental results demonstrated that the developed MSPE-FTICR-MS method was suitable for the rapid and sensitive analysis of trace b-blockers in complex biological samples.

Composition and distribution of NSO compounds in two different shales at the early maturity stage characterized by negative ion electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS） can only analyze volatile molecular compounds, and it has limitations when applied to determine the complex components of crude oils and hydrocarbon source rocks. Based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry （FT-ICR-MS） and GC/MS analyses, the molecular compositions of NSO compounds in extracts from the Permian Dalong Formation, Sichuan Basin and the Permian Lucaogou Formation, Junggar Basin in China were compared. Analyses of types of heteroatoms present （S~, $2, $3, OS, OS2, 02S, NS, and NOS compounds） suggest that marine shales from the Dalong Formation are mainly composed of carboxylic acids （02 com- pounds） with a high abundance of fatty acids, indicating a marine phytoplankton organic source. However, lacustrine shales from the Lucaogou Formation are dominated by pyrrolic compounds （N1 compounds） with abundant dibenzocar- bazole. It suggests that the organic source materials may be derived from lower aquatic organisms and lacustrine algae. Overall, FT-ICR-MS has potential for applications in analyses and determination of depositional environments and organic sources in petroleum geology.

Studies on Fragmentation of Peptide by Nano-electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Multi-stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The sequence analysis of peptides was performed by nano-electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance tandem mass spectrometry（Nano-ESI-FT-ICR-MSn） and several peptides were chosen as examples. With the aid of the collision induced dissociation（CID）, FT-ICR provides not only precise mass/charge ratio, but also structure information of the selected peptides. The fragment ions were identified according to the observed molecular weights and peptide sequence was determined successfully. So Nano-ESI-FT-ICR-MSn is a useful tool for identification of the amino acid sequence of peptides with high confidence. Besides, a pathway for the dehydration of y ions without amino acids containing carboxylic acid under sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation（SORI-CID） condition was proposed.

Separation and identification of moxifloxacin impurities in drug substance by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

In this paper, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry （HPLC-UV/FrICRMS） method was described for the investigation of impurity profile in moxifloxacin （MOX） drug substance and chemical reference substance. Ten impurities were detected by HPLC-UV, while eight impurities were identified by using the high accurate molecular mass combined with multiple-stage mass spectrometric data and fragmentation rules. In addition, to our knowledge, five impurities were founded for the first time in MOX drug substance.

Sequence analysis of peptides with biological activities using electrospray-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

The mass spectra of five peptides with biological activities are reported. All mass spectra were recorded using a 4.7-T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer equipped with an external electrospray source. The accurate molecular weights for the five peptides prepared by solid phase synthesis were measured as 1765.9013, 1063.5420, 1092.5254, 820.3804 and 1078.5193, respectively. All the data were obtained with the external calibration. Differences between observed and theoretical monoisotopic molecular weights were in the (0.2-1.0)×10-6 range. The complete primary sequence for the five polypep-tides were determined using the method of in-source electrospray ionization/collision induced dissociation (ESI/CID). All the intact y series ions and b series ions were obtained from various peptides respectively, thus determining the sequences of the five polypeptides. We found that the meas-ured accurate molecular mass of sample 4 was not in agreement with that expected from the planned

Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometric Study on Sodium Azide Cluster Ions

Sodium azide has rarely been studied in gas phase or in the form of cluster ions and as a model of solid ener-getic substances and inorganic azide salt was ionized by electrospray ionization (ESI) and studied by high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) systematically. This paper highlights the effects of experimental conditions on the formation of salt cluster and the collision activation dissociation path-ways of cluster ions to develop a microscopic understanding of inorganic azide salt clusters.

Advanced molecular-fingerprinting analysis of dissolved organic sulfur by electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry using optimal spray solvent

Molecular level characterization of dissolved organic sulfur(DOS)by electrospray ionizationFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(ESI-FTICR MS)is necessary for further understanding of the role of DOS in the environment.Here,ESI spray solvent,a key parameter for ion production during ESI process,was investigated for its effect on the molecular characterization of DOS by ESI-FTICR MS.100%MeOH as spray solvent was found for the first time to remarkably enhance the ionization efficiency of the majority of CHOS-molecules in NOM,which facilitated a total of 1473 CHOS-molecular formulas with one sulfur atom to be detected.The number of CHOS-molecular formulas obtained using 100%MeOH as spray solvent increased notably over 740 in comparison with those using 50%MeOH aqueous solution(731)or 50%ACN aqueous solution(653).Moreover,due to the enhancement of ionization efficiency of DOS during ESI processes,the tandem mass spectra of the NOM CHOS-molecules could be easily obtained using 100%MeOH as spray solvent,which were hardly obtained using 50%MeOH aqueous solution as spray solvent.The results of the tandem mass spectra suggested the first discovery of organosulfates or sulfonic acids in Suwannee River NOM sample.A simple method based on 100%MeOH as ESI spray solvent for advanced molecular characterization of DOS by ESI-FTICR MS was proposed and applied,and the results revealed more molecular information of DOS in sea DOM samples.

Combination of Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction and Direct Analysis in Real Time-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry for Sensitive and Rapid Analysis of 15 Phthalate Plasticizers in Beverages

A method for rapid identification and quantification of phthalate plasticizers in beverages was developed.A number of 15 phthalate plasticizers which covered all the phthalates concerned in the US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act(CPSIA),European Union legislations and Chinese national standards(GB)were analyzed.By a combined solid-phase micro-extraction(SPME)and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry(DART-MS)approach,phthalates at sub-ng•mL^(−1)levels can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in a short time.The use of ultrahigh-resolving power and the accurate mass measurement capacity naturally provided by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR-MS)minimizes the matrix interferences and thus enables the evaluation of phthalates in a complex matrix without extensive sample handlings or preparations.The limits of quantification(LOQs)were estimated to be at 0.3-5.0 ng•mL^(−1),lower than the Maximum Residue Limit(MRL)regulated by the European Union legislations(2007/19/EC)in foods,beverages,food packaging and toys(0.3-30 ng•mL^(−1)).This rapid and easy-to-use SPME-DART-FT-ICR-MS method provided a relatively high-throughput and powerful analytical approach for quick testing and screening phthalates in beverages and water samples to ensure food safety.

Visualization of decreased docosahexaenoic acid in the hippocampus of rats fed an n – 3 fatty acid-deficient diet by imaging mass spectrometry

The present study employed an imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) method to evaluate the effect of dietary n – 3 fatty acids on the fatty acid composition in rat brain. Rats were divided into two groups and fed either an n – 3 fatty acid-deficient or adequate diet. We determined the decreased n – 3 fatty acids in the hippocampus of rats fed an n – 3 fatty acid-deficient diet compared to the control. IMS visualization was achieved at a resolution of 100 m in rat brain, and showed decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing phosphatidyl choline (PC) or phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) in the hippocampus of rats fed an n – 3 fatty acid-deficient diet.

天然气净化厂废水处理过程中溶解性有机物的变化

溶解性有机物(DOM)是废水达标排放标准的重要考虑因素,综合分析废水中DOM的分子组成是对其高效去除的前提。以某天然气净化厂废水为研究对象,采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法(FT-ICR MS)和三维荧光光谱(3D-EEMs)从分子层面深入分析氧化过程中DOM的荧光性质、分子组成、质荷比、分子转化。EEM结果表明,废水中主要以类腐殖质物质为主,其次为富里酸类物质。O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)氧化降低了类腐殖质物质的荧光强度,但DOM降解受限于臭氧与富含电子有机物的反应特性;而O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)-Fenton联合氧化能大幅降低总荧光强度,有效去除类腐殖质。FT-ICR MS结果表明,O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)氧化去除了部分CHO类、CHON类DOM,但对CHOS类、CHONS类DOM的去除效果欠佳。多环芳烃和高度不饱和的化合物被臭氧降解为脂肪族类化合物,增加了CHO类DOM含氧量。O_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)-Fenton氧化对CHOS类、CHONS类DOM具有较好的去除效果,去除了大部分多酚化合物,生成具有含氧量更低和饱和度更高的DOM。同时,联合氧化极大地缓解了超滤膜污染,去除了大部分可逆污染和不可逆污染。

不同碳氮比下后置反硝化工艺中溶解性有机质的分子特征及其转化机理

污水处理厂后置反硝化工艺中外加碳源的投加量会影响出水溶解性有机质(DOM)的特性,从而影响后置反硝化的处理效率和出水水质.本研究以实际污水中DOM为研究对象,利用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT ICR-MS)开展了不同碳氮比(C/N=3、4、5、6)下后置反硝化工艺中DOM的分子特征及其转化机理研究.结果表明,在4种C/N下,C/N=5的反应器出水芳香性DOM分子(AImod>0.5)和不饱和程度高的分子(DBE≥4)占比最高,分别为24.72%和97.6%,说明C/N=5时,出水难生物降解程度较高.通过分子转化分析可知,C/N=5的反应器产生的DOM分子占比(58.35%)最高且不饱和程度较高,去除的分子占比(2.80%)低且不饱和程度较低,再次证实C/N=5的反应器出水相较于C/N=3、4、6的反应器出水DOM分子惰性高,排放至受纳水体环境风险较低.此外,微生物群落结构及其与DOM的关联分析可知,Proteobacteria在C/N=5的反应器中相对丰度最高,其主导后置反硝化工艺中DOM分子的产生,Planctomycetota、Nitrospirota、Chloroflexi和Gemmatimonadota对DOM分子的去除和产生也具有重要作用.综上所述,推荐C/N比为5作为后置反硝化工艺中外加碳源的适宜C/N比.

风化作用对川西北剖面露头固体沥青有机地球化学特征的影响

在野外露头剖面上沥青会受到风化作用影响,包括生物降解、淋滤和光氧化降解等,这些风化作用会不同程度地改造沥青的有机地球化学特征。目前对沥青的有机地球化学特征在风化过程中的变化过程及其机理还缺乏系统的认识,尤其是多环芳香烃类和含杂原子极性化合物,用常规手段很难深入研究。本研究在川西北地区油坊沟组出露地表的软沥青丘钻了一口0.80 m浅钻,利用岩石热解(Rock-Eval)、气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)等手段,研究了剖面沥青的有机地球化学特征在风化过程中的变化。结果显示,在剖面顶部(0.05~0.15 m),风化作用使沥青的总有机碳(TOC)和非极性族组分损失明显,极性族组分相对含量升高,O/C原子比的增加表明,剖面顶部沥青受到了较强的氧化作用。正构烷烃、C_(27)~C_(29)规则甾烷、藿烷、二苯并噻吩和甲基二苯并噻吩等分布特征的变化显示,剖面顶部沥青同时遭受了显著的生物降解和淋滤作用。奇偶优势指数(OEP)、C_(29)甾烷异构化参数及甲基菲指数(MPI_(1))等成熟度参数指示剖面沥青进入成熟阶段,但藿烷类成熟度参数(Ts/(Ts+Tm))和烷基萘指数(DNR和TNR)指示的成熟度偏低。FT-ICR MS结果表明,多环芳烃和含硫多环芳烃在风化过程中损失,其风化产物主要是含氧的杂原子多环芳烃。在0.15~0.80 m,多环芳烃和含硫多环芳烃无明显降解特征;在0.10~0.15 m,碳数较低且缩合度(DBE)较低的多环芳烃被生物降解为碳数更低的酚、醇类化合物和羧酸;在深度≤0.10 m,碳数较高且DBE较高的多环芳烃和含硫多环芳烃被光氧化,主要产生相似碳数和DBE的醛、酮类化合物和羧酸。

神华煤直接液化残渣理化特性与分子结构特征研究

煤液化残渣制备高端炭材料是目前煤直接液化技术领域研究的热点,该过程实现的关键在于煤液化残渣的深度脱灰,而深度脱灰工艺技术开发需要对液化残渣理化特性与分子结构有深入的认识。以神华煤液化残渣为研究对象,借助TG-DTG探究了液化残渣的失重特性;借助激光粒度仪和透射电镜(TEM)分别研究了液化残渣在洗油和四氢呋喃两种溶剂中的粒度分布特性和颗粒形貌特征;在正负离子(±ESI)和正离子大气压光电离(+APPI)模式下,利用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪(FT-ICR MS)对液化残渣的分子结构组成进行了鉴别。研究结果表明:液化残渣的主要失重温区为300℃~600℃,466℃时失重速率最大,此时的活性最高;液化残渣在洗油或四氢呋喃中的粒度呈现百纳米级正态分布,残渣在洗油中粒度分布更为集中且粒径更小;液化残渣中含丰富的N1、N2类含氮杂环以及O1、O2、O3、CH类含氧多环的芳香分子构型。

长三角典型城郊流域溶解性有机质的分子特征:以浙江樟溪为例

溶解性有机质(DOM)在流域水环境中广泛存在,参与各种生物地球化学循环过程。快速的城镇化过程和人类活动显著改变了流域水体DOM含量和特性,从分子层面上解析DOM在流域尺度上的时空分异特征对流域水质管控具有重要的理论和应用价值。以长三角地区樟溪流域为研究对象,依据土地利用和人类活动强度布设采样点,于2022年7月采集水样。结果表明,樟溪流域水体溶解性有机物主要的分子式元素组成为CHO、CHON、CHOS,其中木质素/富羧酸脂环分子类有机物相对占比最高。在子流域空间分布上,人类活动强的子流域CHON、CHONS类型化合物含量更高。选取采样点距城镇距离、距源头距离以及土地利用类型所占采样点缓冲区的比例来表征人类活动的影响。结果表明,流域内DOM杂原子受人类活动强度影响,距源头的距离与水体DOM分子中氮原子的强度加权平均值(N wa)和CHON化合物百分呈显著正相关,与碳、氢原子和荷质比的强度加权平均值(C wa、H wa、m/z wa)呈显著负相关。CHON分子的相对丰度与林地面积比例呈显著负相关,与农业用地比例呈显著正相关。比较具有典型土地利用类型的水体DOM:典型农田、城镇土地利用类型DOM含有更多独特的CHON分子式,农田DOM在木质素/富羧酸脂环分子区域出现CHON分子式的富集,城镇DOM在脂肪类和木质素/富羧酸脂环分子区域均出现了CHON分子式富集。研究表明在城郊流域中,人类活动显著改变了水体DOM的分子特征,增加了分子多样性,促进了特定分子式的富集。

基于FT-ICR MS表征达古冰川冬春季节表层雪中DOM分子组成变化

分析冰川中溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)的迁移转化特征是评估冰川消融对下游生态环境效应的重要依据,但冰川表层雪中DOM在冬春季节的迁移转化特征尚不明确。本文以达古冰川冬春季节表层雪和春季冰川径流为研究对象,使用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)对表层雪和径流中DOM进行分子层次表征。结果显示:达古冰川冬春季节表层雪中DOM化学组成非常丰富,主要包括脂类、多肽类、不饱和烃类,还含有少量的酚类、多环芳烃类和糖类,来源包括微生物活动和陆源性输入。春季径流中DOM的主要来源是陆源性输入,受人类活动影响较大。分析不同季节表层雪DOM的分子组成变化,发现冬季低温环境有利于表层雪中脂类、多肽类和含S类DOM分子的富集,春季气温升高则有利于表层雪中多肽类、不饱和烃类和含N类DOM分子的富集。比较春季径流和表雪中DOM的分子组成变化,发现径流中杂原子类DOM含量降低,微生物来源的脂类和多肽类DOM含量降低,陆源性的酚类和多环芳烃类含量显著增加,说明径流中DOM的生物活性降低而光反应活性增加。因此随着冰川持续消融大量的冰川融水将DOM带入下游水环境,在微生物活动和光反应过程的共同作用下增加温室气体CO_(2)的排放,增强温室效应。

超高酸原油中石油酸分子组成表征与腐蚀性预测

采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法对国内某超高酸原油及其馏分油中的石油酸分子组成进行表征,研究Q345R、1Cr5Mo、304L和316L 4种典型炼油装置用材在不同酸值(Total acid number,TAN)油品中的静态腐蚀行为,并构建高温酸腐蚀预测模型。结果表明,TAN为10.403 mg KOH/g、含2个氧原子的O2类石油羧酸是石油酸的主要成分,其中二环、三环环烷酸和单环芳香羧酸含量相对较高。168 h静态挂片腐蚀实验结果表明,4种材质腐蚀速率均随温度升高而增加,高于280℃后增加趋势逐渐变缓。不同材质微观腐蚀形貌存在显著差异:Q345R整体呈现均匀腐蚀形态;1Cr5Mo表面形成密集蚀坑;304L表面分布少量浅表性腐蚀区;316L仍可见金属光泽。根据腐蚀速率结果,考虑脂肪酸、环烷酸和芳香酸与金属的结合作用,将石油酸分子组成作为腐蚀预测模型的修正项,采用Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法拟合模型参数,模型相关系数R 2大于0.950,均方根误差RMSE小于0.089,可实现超高酸原油腐蚀性的早期预测,为指导超高酸原油加工装置合理选材、制定检维修计划提供支持。

Compositional Characterization of Nitrogen Compounds in Changqing Crude Oil and Its Heavy Distillates

The nitrogen-containing compounds in Changqing crude oil, its atmospheric residue(AR), and vacuum reside(VR) were characterized by negative and positive ion electrospray ionization(ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS). The heteroatom compounds(N_1, N_2, N_1O_1, O_1, and O_2 class species) could be identified by the negative ESI analysis, while the positive mode could only detect the N_1, N_2, and N_1O_1 class species. Among them, the N_1 class species were found to be predominant in crude oil, as confirmed by either negative or positive ESI analyses,which were similar in composition to AR and VR. These compounds with higher abundance were characterized by double bond equivalent(DBE) values and carbon numbers. The composition of these compounds in crude oil and its AR as well as VR was correlated with their different boiling range, DBE values and carbon numbers. The negative ESI analysis showed that the abundant N_1 class species in crude oil and AR were centered at a DBE value of 12, and these species were likely benzocarbazoles, while the N_1 class species with the DBE value ranging from 13 to 16 having more complicated molecular structures were dominant in VR. And the positive ESI analysis gave the information of the abundant N_1 class species in crude oil, AR, and VR having the DBE values in the range of 10, 9―11, and 10―16, respectively, which were likely the compounds with the core of quinoline and benzoquinoline. The analysis confirmed that the distillation process in refinery preferentially removed the low DBE value and low molecular N-class species and brought them into the light and medium distillates, while those N-class species having a high molecular condensation in the molecules with large carbon number remained in the residual oil and could continually affect the downstream oil refining process.

基于激光拉曼和傅里叶变换质谱实验的高—过成熟有机质特征评价

如何准确评价沉积有机质特征是油气资源勘探开发工作的关键问题之一,勘探开发实践证实高—过成熟有机质特征评价尤其困难。为此,以松辽盆地下白垩统沙河子组、四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组和下寒武统筇竹寺组烃源岩为研究对象,运用激光拉曼和傅里叶变换质谱等方法对烃源岩样品进行了有机质特征评价,开展了超高分辨率的傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)实验,并从分子角度讨论了有机质热演化特征,计算了烃源岩样品的成熟度评价指标(MAT),表征了有机质分子化合物相对含量动态变化规律,实现了可连续量化的有机质成熟度评价。研究结果表明:①松辽盆地沙河子组、四川盆地龙马溪组和筇竹寺组烃源岩的有机质具有良好的生油气潜力,镜质体反射率(R_(o))大于1.30%,有机质的热演化程度为高—过成熟;②松辽盆地沙河子组烃源岩有机质化合物以碳氢类型为主,四川盆地龙马溪组和筇竹寺组以硫化合物和氧化合物为主,碳氢化合物、N_(1)、O_(1)、S_(1)化合物的单同位素离子总丰度呈现出随成熟度的增加而降低的趋势;③在R_(o)=0~2.50%、岩石热解高峰温度(T_(max))介于420~600℃时,烃源岩的MAT与成熟度正相关,而当R_(o)>2.50%、T_(max)>600℃时,MAT出现逐渐下降的现象,该现象可能与有机质分子化合物的热稳定性和沥青、石墨的生成有关;④激光拉曼光谱实验结果证实了基于FT-ICR MS的成熟度指标化合物中芳香环增加的现象。结论认为,激光拉曼和傅里叶变换质谱从不同角度揭示了热演化过程中有机质的结构变化,为高—过成熟烃源岩的有机质特征评价提供了启示。

基于FT-ICR MS表征煤焦化废水处理过程有机物分子组成变化

有效去除水溶性有机质(DOM)是废水处理的一项重要内容,但DOM分子组成及其在处理过程中的变化规律并不明确。本文以一整套煤焦化废水为研究对象,通过液-液萃取和固相萃取分离得到不同极性的水相有机质组分,使用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)对所得的有机质进行分子层次表征。油相和水相有机质的水溶性总有机碳(TOC)比例基本一致,随着处理过程的进行,废水的“油性”越来越弱,能溶解在二氯甲烷中的有机质越来越少,最后所剩的主要是一些难以降解的腐殖质类物质;而水相有机质具有极其复杂的分子组成,在单一质谱图中共鉴定出70余种不同种类的化合物,这些化合物,尤其是O_(4)S_(1)类化合物,虽然在废水处理过程中有很好的去除效果,但在最终出水中仍有残留。

2种电离方法综合表征有机气溶胶的分子组成

为了全面表征有机气溶胶(OA)分子组成,将电喷雾电离(ESI)源和激光解析电离(LDI)源结合傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)得到OA质谱数据,并将不同电离技术得到的质谱数据进行对比。结果表明:ESI源和LDI源对不同的OA分子具有显著的电离选择性,ESI源更易电离高度不饱和化合物及不饱和脂肪族化合物,并在大分子质量的化合物分析中有电离优势;LDI源更易电离多酚类和多环芳烃类化合物,且电离化合物的分子质量较小。