A New Speech Encoder Based on Dynamic Framing Approach

Latent information is difficult to get from the text in speech synthesis.Studies show that features from speech can get more information to help text encoding.In the field of speech encoding,a lot of work has been conducted on two aspects.The first aspect is to encode speech frame by frame.The second aspect is to encode the whole speech to a vector.But the scale in these aspects is fixed.So,encoding speech with an adjustable scale for more latent information is worthy of investigation.But current alignment approaches only support frame-by-frame encoding and speech-to-vector encoding.It remains a challenge to propose a new alignment approach to support adjustable scale speech encoding.This paper presents the dynamic speech encoder with a new alignment approach in conjunction with frame-by-frame encoding and speech-to-vector encoding.The speech feature fromourmodel achieves three functions.First,the speech feature can reconstruct the origin speech while the length of the speech feature is equal to the text length.Second,our model can get text embedding fromspeech,and the encoded speech feature is similar to the text embedding result.Finally,it can transfer the style of synthesis speech and make it more similar to the given reference speech.

Narrative Framing on C- E Translation of President Xi's Diplomatic Speeches

Narratives are"the everyday stories we live by"(Baker, 2006:3), they are featured by inter-media, inter-disciplines and inter-genres and play key role in cross-cultural communication. Narratives not only represent reality, but constitute reality by"accentuating, undermining or modifying aspects of the narrative(s) encoded in the source text or utterance"(Baker, 2006:5) in a way to intensify or weaken international political conflict, and in doing so participate in shaping social reality. The narrative account on translation raised up by Mona Baker"may constitute yet another turning point in translation studies"(Fan, 2009: 57), because she reveals that translation not only closely connects politics, but also creates politics(Baker, 2011:6). This provides a theoretical basis for us to discuss how translation shapes political speeches from the perspective of narration.Framing is what makes narratives takes into effective. The thesis will interpret translation of President Xi's diplomatic speeches from Baker's narrative account by the following framing means: labeling and repositioning of participants. It analyzes how President Xi's diplomatic speeches serves for enhancing consensus and reducing conflicts. It is hoped that the thesis will offer some suggestions on building a narrative system with Chinese characteristics and establishing more effective and skilled strategies for international communication.

Population Dynamics of Large Herbivores and the Framing of Wildlife Conservation in Zimbabwe

This article reviews: 1) The role of natural and human-induced controls in influencing large herbivore populations;2) how human controls (i.e., policy instruments, incentives and provisions) influence human activities and wildlife conservation;and 3) media framing of wildlife conservation using Zimbabwe as a case study, in particular Gonarezhou National Park and adjacent areas. The review shows that droughts are important in influencing large herbivore populations in semi-arid ecosystems;political instability and economic collapse does not necessarily lead to increased illegal hunting in situations where policy instruments, such as laws, are enforced. A higher perceived effectiveness of Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources was partly associated with a decline in human-wildlife conflicts and there was a spill-over effect of frames from the political domain into wildlife conservation following Zimbabwe’s land reforms in 2000. It is concluded that natural bottom-up processes (e.g., droughts) influence large herbivore population dynamics whereas policy instruments, incentives, provisions and societal frames mainly have a top-down effect on wild large herbivore populations in savanna ecosystems.

Preventive behaviors for maintenance of brain health: an online quasi-experimental study on the influence of involvement and message framing

Objective:The prevalence and economic burden of Alzheimer's Disease(AD)are consistently increasing.Individuals are encouraged to engage in cognitive preventive behaviors.However,the effectiveness of information provided,depends on factors including the level of personal relevance to the issue and the framing of the information.Our objective in this study was to examine the effect of involvement and message framing on an individual's intention to initiate preventive behaviors toward AD.Methods:An online quasi-experimental scenario-based study was implemented.Vignettes were prepared consisting of information on preventive behaviors to reduce the risk of AD.In the vignettes,scenarios were presented to influence the participant's involvement level(low/high).At the same time,the information was framed positively(low level of fear)or negatively(high level of fear).After exposure to the vignettes,the involvement level and framing perception(fear level)were evaluated.The effects of the two factors on perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,response-efficacy,self-efficacy,and intention to engage in recommended preventive behaviors(based on the Protection Motivation Theory)were then measured.Results:Overall,368 individuals with a mean age of 51.64(±5.48)years participated.Adjusted multiple linear regression indicated that higher involvement was associated with significantly higher perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,and intention to engage in preventive behaviors.Negative message framing was associated with significantly higher perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,and self-efficacy.Conclusion:Our findings indicated that involvement and message framing are essential factors to consider when designing communication materials for promoting health behaviors.Their effects may depend on the underlying drivers of intention toward the recommended health behaviors.

Beyond COVID: Reframing the Global Problematique with STiP (Systems Thinking in Practice)

Since 2019 humanity has been subjected to the perturbations of pandemic,economic disruption,war,civil unrest and changes in whole-Earth dynamics associated with a human-induced Anthropocene.Each perturbation is like a wave-front breaking on the shore of our historical ways of thinking and acting,increasingly unfit for our human circumstances.This challenge to humanity is not new.In 1970 the French term‘problematique’was coined to refer to a set of 49 interrelated global problems;the classic description of wicked and tame problems was published soon after,yet little progress has been made towards answering the question:what purposeful action will aid human flourishing,create and sustain a viable space for humanity,in our ongoing co-evolution with the Anthropocene-Biosphere?A case for innovation in our ways of knowing and doing is made based on arguments that our social world is constrained by:(i)explanations we accept that are no longer relevant to our circumstances;(ii)outdated historical institutions(in the institutional economics sense)that contribute as social technologies to a broader human created and ungoverned technosphere;(iii)inadequate theory-informed practices,or praxis,and(iv)governance-systems no longer adequate for purpose.Practitioners of knowledge science and systems science are urged to act reflexively to critically evaluate the traditions-of-understanding out of which they think and act.

To Blame or Not?Modulating Third-Party Punishment with the Framing Effect

People as third-party observers,without direct self-interest,may punish norm violators to maintain social norms.However,third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame(i.e.,verbally describe)a norm violation.We conducted a behavioral and a neuroimaging experiment to investigate the above phenomenon,which we call the“third-party framing effect”.In these experiments,participants observed an anonymous perpetrator deciding whether to keep her/his economic benefit while exposing a victim to a risk of physical pain(described as“harming others”in one condition and“not helping others”in the other condition),then they had a chance to punish that perpetrator at their own cost.Our results showed that the participants were more willing to execute third-party punishment under the harm frame compared to the help frame,manifesting a framing effect.Self-reported anger toward perpetrators mediated the relationship between empathy toward victims and the framing effect.Meanwhile,activation of the insula mediated the relationship between mid-cingulate cortex activation and the framing effect;the functional connectivity between these regions significantly predicted the size of the framing effect.These findings shed light on the psychological and neural mechanisms of the third-party framing effect.

Time-resolved measurement technique for pulsed electron beam envelope basing on framing and streaking principle

The time-resolved electron beam envelope parameters, including cross sectional distribution and beam centroid position, are very important for the study of beam transmission characteristics in a magnetic field and for verifying the rationality of the magnetic field parameters employed. One kind of high time-resolved beam envelope measurement system has recently been developed, constituted of a high-speed framing camera and a streak camera. It can obtain three panoramic images of the beam and time continuous information along the given beam profile simultaneously. Recently obtained data has proved that several fast vibrations of the beam envelope along the diameter direction occur during the front and the tail parts of the electron beam. The vibration period is several nanoseconds. The effect of magnetic field on the electron beam is also observed and verified. Beam debugging experiments have proved that the existing beam transmission design is reasonable and viable. This beam envelope measurement system will establish a good foundation for beam physics research.

Framing and Language of Ethics:Technology,Persuasion,and Cultural Context

What are the consequences of the language we use for technology,and,how we describe the frameworks regarding technology and its creation,use,and deployment?The language used to describe technology has the possibility to deceive and be abusive.How language is used demonstrates what can occur when one party is able to assert linguistic power over another.The way in which organizations frame their relationships with technology is one such power asymmetry.This article examines the complications of the imagery used for ethics in technology.Then,the author offers a brief overview of how language influences our perceptions.The frames used to describe phenomena,including ethical frameworks and technology,allow for the creation of heuristics,or shortcuts that are“good enough”for understanding what is being described and for decision-making.Therefore,descriptions matter for relaying meaning and constructing narratives related to ethical uses of technical systems.After this,the author investigates what we mean by ethics and the codes that corporate,governmental,and other organizations use to depict how they understand their relationship to the technology they create and deploy.The author explores three examples of frames of ethics and descriptions of technology,which though appearing progressive,once understood holistically,fail to adequately describe technology and its possible impact.The author ends this article with a discussion of the complexity of describing and communicating ethical uses of technology.

Resilience-incorporated seismic risk assessment of precast concrete frames with“dry”connections

A resilience-incorporated risk assessment framework is proposed and demonstrated in this study to manifest the advantageous seismic resilience of precast concrete frame(PCF)structures with“dry”connections in terms of their low damage and rapid recovery.The framework integrates various uncertainties in the seismic hazard,fragility,capacity,demand,loss functions,and post-earthquake recovery.In this study,the PCF structures are distinguished from ordinary reinforced concrete frame(RCF)structures by characterizing multiple limit states for the PCF based on its unique damage mechanisms.Accordingly,probabilistic story-wise pushover analyses are performed to yield story-wise capacities for the predefined limit states.In the seismic resilience analysis,a step-wise recovery model is proposed to idealize the functionality recovery process,with separate considerations of the repair and non-repair events.The recovery model leverages the economic loss and downtime to delineate the stochastic post-earthquake recovery curves for the resilience loss estimation.As such,contingencies in the probabilistic post-earthquake repairs are incorporated and the empirical judgments on the recovery parameters are largely circumvented.The proposed framework is demonstrated through a comparative study between two“dry”connected PCFs and one RCF designed as alternative structural systems for a prototype building.The results from the risk quantification indicate that the PCFs show reduced loss hazards and lower expected losses relative to the RCF.Particularly,the PCF equipped with energy dissipation devices at the“dry”connections largely reduces the expected economic loss,downtime,and resilience loss by 29%,56%,and 60%,respectively,compared to the RCF.

Experimental and numerical study regarding H-steel all-bolted connection steel frame with composite wall boards

H-steel all-bolted connection steel frame structures with heat preservation and decoration composite wall boards were investigated and the seismic performances of three scaled specimens were studied.The failure modes,hysteresis curves,bearing capacity,ductility,energy dissipation capacity,stiffness degradation and strain distribution were discussed.The calculation method of structural theoretical internal force was presented.The results showed that the overall structural seismic performance was better,and the structural ductility met the demands of elastic-plastic inter-story drift angle for seismic design.The H-steel weak-axis connection structure obtained better energy dissipation capacity,and its bearing capacity and stiffness were slightly different from the strong-axis connection.The heat preservation and decoration performance of composite wallboard and the all-bolted connection of the steel frame realized prefabrication during the whole construction period.The plastic hinge of the steel beam can be moved outwards because of the L-angles,which effectively avoids stress concentration in joint areas and expands the plastic hinge range.The errors between the theoretical structural capacity calculated by the plastic analysis method and the test results were within 2.44%.In addition,structural failure mechanisms and bearing capacities were verified by the finite element(FE)analysis,and the effects of the main parameters on the structures were investigated.The FE verification results were the same as in the test.The research results provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the application of thermal insulation and decorative composite wall panels in H-shaped steel all-bolted steel frames.

Five-view three-dimensional reconstructionfor ultrafast dynamic imaging of pulsedradiation sources

Multiaxial neutron/x-ray imaging and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques play a crucial role in gaining valuable insights intothe generation and evolution mechanisms of pulsed radiation sources. Owing to the short emission time (∼200 ns) and drastic changes of thepulsed radiation source, it is necessary to acquire projection data within a few nanoseconds in order to achieve clear computed tomography3D imaging. As a consequence, projection data that can be used for computed tomography image reconstruction at a certain moment are oftenavailable for only a few angles. Traditional algorithms employed in the process of reconstructing 3D images with extremely incomplete datamay introduce significant distortions and artifacts into the final image. In this paper, we propose an iterative image reconstruction methodusing cylindrical harmonic decomposition and a self-supervised denoising network algorithm based on the deep image prior method. Weaugment the prior information with a 2D total variation prior and a 3D deep image prior. Single-wire Z-pinch imaging experiments have beencarried out at Qin-1 facility in five views and four frames, with a time resolution of 3 ns for each frame and a time interval of 40 ns betweenadjacent frames. Both numerical simulations and experiments verify that our proposed algorithm can achieve high-quality reconstructionresults and obtain the 3D intensity distribution and evolution of extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray emission from plasma.

Cascaded ELM-Based Joint Frame Synchronization and Channel Estimation over Rician Fading Channel with Hardware Imperfections

Due to the interdependency of frame synchronization(FS)and channel estimation(CE),joint FS and CE(JFSCE)schemes are proposed to enhance their functionalities and therefore boost the overall performance of wireless communication systems.Although traditional JFSCE schemes alleviate the influence between FS and CE,they show deficiencies in dealing with hardware imperfection(HI)and deterministic line-of-sight(LOS)path.To tackle this challenge,we proposed a cascaded ELM-based JFSCE to alleviate the influence of HI in the scenario of the Rician fading channel.Specifically,the conventional JFSCE method is first employed to extract the initial features,and thus forms the non-Neural Network(NN)solutions for FS and CE,respectively.Then,the ELMbased networks,named FS-NET and CE-NET,are cascaded to capture the NN solutions of FS and CE.Simulation and analysis results show that,compared with the conventional JFSCE methods,the proposed cascaded ELM-based JFSCE significantly reduces the error probability of FS and the normalized mean square error(NMSE)of CE,even against the impacts of parameter variations.

Dynamic interactive bitwise meta-holography with ultra-high computational and display frame rates

Interactive holography offers unmatched levels of immersion and user engagement in the field of future display.Despite of the substantial progress has been made in dynamic meta-holography,the realization of real-time,highly smooth interactive holography remains a significant challenge due to the computational and display frame rate limitations.In this study,we introduced a dynamic interactive bitwise meta-holography with ultra-high computational and display frame rates.To our knowledge,this is the first reported practical dynamic interactive metasurface holographic system.We spa-tially divided the metasurface device into multiple distinct channels,each projecting a reconstructed sub-pattern.The switching states of these channels were mapped to bitwise operations on a set of bit values,which avoids complex holo-gram computations,enabling an ultra-high computational frame rate.Our approach achieves a computational frame rate of 800 kHz and a display frame rate of 23 kHz on a low-power Raspberry Pi computational platform.According to this methodology,we demonstrated an interactive dynamic holographic Tetris game system that allows interactive gameplay,color display,and on-the-fly hologram creation.Our technology presents an inspiration for advanced dynamic meta-holography,which is promising for a broad range of applications including advanced human-computer interaction,real-time 3D visualization,and next-generation virtual and augmented reality systems.

Comprehensive reutilization of herbal waste:Coproduction of magnolol,honokiol,and β-amyrin from Magnolia officinalis residue

Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.

Evaluation of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete structures with flat slab-column gravity frame and shear walls through nonlinear analysis methods

This paper presents an investigation of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete(RC)structures in which shear walls are the main lateral load-resisting elements and the participation of flat slab floor systems is not considered in the seismic design procedure.In this regard,the behavior of six prototype structures(with different heights and plan layouts)is investigated through nonlinear static and time history analyses,implemented in the OpenSees platform.The results of the analyses are presented in terms of the behavior of the slab-column connections and their mode of failure at different loading stages.Moreover,the global response of the buildings is discussed in terms of some parameters,such as lateral overstrength due to the gravity flat slab-column frames.According to the nonlinear static analyses,in structures in which the slab-column connections were designed only for gravity loads,the slab-column connections exhibited a punching mode of failure even in the early stages of loading.However,the punching failure was eliminated in structures in which a minimum transverse reinforcement recommended in ACI 318(2019)was provided in the slabs at joint regions.Furthermore,despite neglecting the contribution of gravity flat slab-column frames in the lateral load resistance of the structures,a relatively significant overstrength was imposed on the structures by the gravity frames.

Pain and social decision-making: New insights from the social framing effect

This paper focuses on the social function of painful experience as revealed by recent studies on social decision-making.Observing others suffering from physical pain evokes empathic reactions that can lead to prosocial behavior(e.g.,helping others at a cost to oneself),which might be regarded as the social value of pain derived from evolution.Feelings of guilt may also be elicited when one takes responsibility for another’s pain.These social emotions play a significant role in various cognitive processes and may affect behavioral preferences.In addition,the influence of others’pain on decision-making is highly sensitive to social context.Combining neuroimaging techniques with a novel decision paradigm,we found that when asking participants to trade-off personal benefits against providing help to other people,verbally describing the causal relationship between their decision and other people’s pain(i.e.,framing)significantly changed participants’preferences.This social framing effect was associated with neural activation in the temporoparietal junction(TPJ),which is a brain area that is important in social cognition and in social emotions.Further,transcranial direct current stimulation(tD CS)on this region successfully modulated the magnitude of the social framing effect.These findings add to the knowledge about the role of perception of others’pain in our social life.

Field Load Test Based SHM System Safety Standard Determination for Rigid Frame Bridge

The deteriorated continuous rigid frame bridge is strengthened by external prestressing. Static loading tests wereconducted before and after the bridge rehabilitation to verify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process. Thestiffness of the repaired bridge is improved, and the maximum deflection of the load test is reduced from 37.9 to27.6 mm. A bridge health monitoring system is installed after the bridge is reinforced. To achieve an easy assessmentof the bridge’s safety status by directly using transferred data, a real-time safety warning system is createdbased on a five-level safety standard. The threshold for each safety level will be determined by theoretical calculationsand the outcomes of static loading tests. The highest risk threshold will be set at the ultimate limit statevalue. The remaining levels, namely middle risk, low risk, and very low risk, will be determined usingreduction coefficients of 0.95, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively.

Effect of bivalirudin on myocardial microcirculation and adverse events after interventional therapy in older patients with acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND Bivalirudin,a direct thrombin inhibitor,is used in anticoagulation therapies as a substitute for heparin,especially during cardiovascular procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention.AIM To explore the effect of bivalirudin on myocardial microcirculation following an intervention and its influence on adverse cardiac events in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).METHODS In total,165 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial at our hospital between June 2020 and June 2022 were enrolled in this study.From June 2020 to June 2022,elderly patients with ACS with complete data were selected and treated with interventional therapy.The study cohort was randomly divided into a study group(n=80,administered bivalirudin)and a control group(n=85,administered unfractionated heparin).Over a 6-mo follow-up period,differences in emergency processing times,including coronary intervention,cardiac function indicators,occurrence of cardiovascular events,and recurrence rates,were analyzed.RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the study cohorts,with the observation group showing shorter emergency process times across all stages:Emergency classification;diagnostic testing;implementation of coronary intervention;and conclusion of emergency treatment(P<0.05).Furthermore,the left ventricular ejection fraction in the observation group was significantly higher(P<0.05),and the creatine kinase-MB and New York Heart Association scores were CONCLUSION In elderly patients receiving interventional therapy for ACS,bivalirudin administration led to increased activated clotting time achievement rates,enhanced myocardial reperfusion,and reduced incidence of bleeding complications and adverse cardiac events.

DER SPATIAL TURN IN DEN KLASSISCHEN ALTERTUMSWISSENSCHAFTEN(UND SPEZIELL IN DER EPIGRAPHIK)

Since the 1990s the so-called spatial turn has brought back space and topography into the discussion within historical studies,particular ancient studies.This survey reviews current trends and developments within the field and offers some perspectives on possible future developments related to space,material,objects,their agency,and frames.

Pathogenesis and clinical features of severe hepatitis E virus infection

The hepatitis E virus(HEV),a member of the Hepeviridae family,is a small,non-enveloped icosahedral virus divided into eight distinct genotypes(HEV-1 to HEV-8).Only genotypes 1 to 4 are known to cause diseases in humans.Genotypes 1 and 2 commonly spread via fecal-oral transmission,often through the consum-ption of contaminated water.Genotypes 3 and 4 are known to infect pigs,deer,and wild boars,often transferring to humans through inadequately cooked meat.Acute hepatitis caused by HEV in healthy individuals is mostly asymptomatic or associated with minor symptoms,such as jaundice.However,in immunosup-pressed individuals,the disease can progress to chronic hepatitis and even escalate to cirrhosis.For pregnant women,an HEV infection can cause fulminant liver failure,with a potential mortality rate of 25%.Mortality rates also rise amongst cirrhotic patients when they contract an acute HEV infection,which can even trigger acute-on-chronic liver failure if layered onto pre-existing chronic liver disease.As the prevalence of HEV infection continues to rise worldwide,highlighting the particular risks associated with severe HEV infection is of major medical interest.This text offers a brief summary of the characteristics of hepatitis developed by patient groups at an elevated risk of severe HEV infection.