People as third-party observers,without direct self-interest,may punish norm violators to maintain social norms.However,third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame(i.e.,v...People as third-party observers,without direct self-interest,may punish norm violators to maintain social norms.However,third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame(i.e.,verbally describe)a norm violation.We conducted a behavioral and a neuroimaging experiment to investigate the above phenomenon,which we call the“third-party framing effect”.In these experiments,participants observed an anonymous perpetrator deciding whether to keep her/his economic benefit while exposing a victim to a risk of physical pain(described as“harming others”in one condition and“not helping others”in the other condition),then they had a chance to punish that perpetrator at their own cost.Our results showed that the participants were more willing to execute third-party punishment under the harm frame compared to the help frame,manifesting a framing effect.Self-reported anger toward perpetrators mediated the relationship between empathy toward victims and the framing effect.Meanwhile,activation of the insula mediated the relationship between mid-cingulate cortex activation and the framing effect;the functional connectivity between these regions significantly predicted the size of the framing effect.These findings shed light on the psychological and neural mechanisms of the third-party framing effect.展开更多
The general relativistic frame dragging effect on the properties,such as the moments of inertia and the radiiof gyration of fast rotating neutron stars with a uniform strong magnetic field,is calculated accurate to th...The general relativistic frame dragging effect on the properties,such as the moments of inertia and the radiiof gyration of fast rotating neutron stars with a uniform strong magnetic field,is calculated accurate to the first orderin the uniform angular velocity.The results show that compared with the corresponding non-rotating static sphericalsymmetric neutron star with a weaker magnetic field,a fast rotating neutron star(millisecond pulsar)with a strongermagnetic field has a relative smaller moment of inertia and radius of gyration.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871109,32071083,and 31900779)Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science—Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions(2021SHIBS0003).
文摘People as third-party observers,without direct self-interest,may punish norm violators to maintain social norms.However,third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame(i.e.,verbally describe)a norm violation.We conducted a behavioral and a neuroimaging experiment to investigate the above phenomenon,which we call the“third-party framing effect”.In these experiments,participants observed an anonymous perpetrator deciding whether to keep her/his economic benefit while exposing a victim to a risk of physical pain(described as“harming others”in one condition and“not helping others”in the other condition),then they had a chance to punish that perpetrator at their own cost.Our results showed that the participants were more willing to execute third-party punishment under the harm frame compared to the help frame,manifesting a framing effect.Self-reported anger toward perpetrators mediated the relationship between empathy toward victims and the framing effect.Meanwhile,activation of the insula mediated the relationship between mid-cingulate cortex activation and the framing effect;the functional connectivity between these regions significantly predicted the size of the framing effect.These findings shed light on the psychological and neural mechanisms of the third-party framing effect.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10647116 and 10575140the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2005037175
文摘The general relativistic frame dragging effect on the properties,such as the moments of inertia and the radiiof gyration of fast rotating neutron stars with a uniform strong magnetic field,is calculated accurate to the first orderin the uniform angular velocity.The results show that compared with the corresponding non-rotating static sphericalsymmetric neutron star with a weaker magnetic field,a fast rotating neutron star(millisecond pulsar)with a strongermagnetic field has a relative smaller moment of inertia and radius of gyration.
