Analysis of Fresh Air Volume of Air-conditioning System for Railway Vehicles

The relevant standard requirements both in domestic and abroad provide the basis for designing air-conditioning system of railway vehicles present. However, there are great differences in the fresh air volume indicators among different standards requirements, and the requirements of each vehicle procurement contracts are also different. The design of air-conditioning become difficult above these. In this paper, the fresh air volume of different type railway vehicles is analyzed from health and equipment electricity consumption according to the railway vehicles air-conditioning system standard requirements in domestic and abroad. Some advises for designing air-conditioning system of railway vehicles through the fresh air volume calculation and comparison for domestic air-conditioning system of railway vehicles was provided.

Air purifier or fresh air system?A comparison of energy consumption and cost in urban China residential buildings

Chinese urban residential buildings face serious indoor air quality problems.Air purification systems(e.g.,air purifiers,fresh air systems)that supply fresh air or purify indoor air are widely used in residential buildings to improve indoor air quality.Considering the challenges of energy conservation and emission reduction,it is urgent to guide residents on choosing appropriate air purification systems.The key problem is how to identify the best air purification system with the lowest energy consumption or operating cost.Comparisons of air purification systems have rarely been conducted on the premise that they should deliver air such that the main indoor pollutant concentrations all meet air quality standards.Also ignored in comparisons are the increased filtration resistance caused by dust accumulation on the filter and the cost of filter replacement.In this study,we propose a method to compare residential air purification systems based on energy consumption and total cost,and we provide methods to select air purification systems in China's different climatic regions.We used a standard two-person bedroom as the example,and determined the most suitable(minimum cost or energy consumption)air purification systems for the capital cities of the provinces in Chinese mainland.

Electrochromism-induced adaptive fresh air pre-handling system for building energy saving

Building fresh air supply needs to meet certain regulations and fit people’s ever-growing indoor air quality de-mand.However,fresh air handling requires huge energy consumption that goes against the goal of net-zero energy buildings.Thus,in this work,an adaptive fresh air pre-handling system is designed to reduce the cool-ing and heating loads of HVAC system.The sky-facing surface of the system uses electrochromic mechanism to manipulate the optical properties and thus make full use of solar energy(solar heating)and deep space cold source(radiative cooling)by switching between heating and cooling modes.In the cooling mode,the sky-facing surface shows a transmittance of down to zero,while the reflectance is high at 0.89 on average.In the heating mode,the electrochromic glass is highly transparent,allowing the sunlight to reach the solar heat absorber.To obtain the energy-saving potential under different climates,six cities were selected from various climate regions in China.Results show that the adaptive fresh air pre-handling system can be effective in up to 55.4%time of a year.The maximum energy-saving ratios for medium office,warehouse,and single-family house can reach up to 11.52%,26.62%,and 18.29%,respectively.In addition,the system shows multi-climate adaptability and broad application scenarios,making it a potential solution to building energy saving.

How to Get A Breath of Fresh Air

Heavy smog shrouded China＇s central and eastern regions for days this past January, and experts are advising citizens to stay inside. But how much safer is our indoor air？ The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency＇s research shows that 24 million people in the world die every year as a result of poor indoor air quality, said Song Guangsheng, Secretary General of China＇s Indoor Environment Test Center （CIETC）.

严寒地区超低能耗教学建筑新风系统适用性分析

目的 解决严寒地区超低能耗建筑中人员密集场所供暖期新风系统的适用性问题。方法 以沈阳市某小学教学楼中三种典型教室为例,应用Designbuilder软件建立能耗模型,分析自然通风、有无热回收的定(变)风量机械通风五种工况下超低能耗建筑的各项能耗、相对节能率和本体节能率,以及室内CO_(2)体积分数变化。结果 无热回收的变风量、有热回收的定(变)风量与无热回收的定风量机械通风相比,节能率分别为12%~30%、32%~46%、38%~57%;有热回收的变风量机械通风总能耗最低,且接近自然通风工况;五种工况室内CO_(2)体积分数均小于0.09%。结论 人员密集场所中有热回收的定(变)风量机械通风节能效果显著;建筑气密性的提高导致机械通风系统新风能耗增加,经济性和节能性下降。

Solid Desiccant Heat Pump Fresh Air Unit using Composite Silica Gel

The introduction of fresh air into the indoor space leads to a significant increase in cooling or heating loads.Solid desiccant heat pump fresh air unit which can handle the latent and sensible load of fresh air efficiently have been proposed recently.To improve the performance of the solid desiccant heat pump fresh air unit in the fresh air handling process,in this paper,the application of composite silica gel in a heat pump fresh air unit was investigated.The comparison between silica gel coating(SGC)and composite silica gel coating(CSGC)shows that the adsorption rate and water uptake capacity of CSGC are more than two times higher than those of SGC.An experimental setup for the solid desiccant heat pump fresh air unit was established.The performance of SGC and CSGC was tested in the setup successively.Results show that under summer conditions,compared with the solid desiccant heat pump fresh air unit using silica gel(SGFU),the average moisture removal and COP of the one using composite silica gel(CSGFU)increased by 15%and 30%,respectively.Under winter conditions,compared with SGFU,the average humidification and COP of CSGFU increased by 42%and 17%.With optimal operation conditions of 3 min switchover time and 40 r/s compressor frequency,the COP of CSGFU under summer conditions can reach 7.6.Results also show that the CSGFU and SGFU have higher COP and dehumidification rate under higher outdoor temperature and humidity ratio.

室内空气调节系统的研究与设计

车间环境中,生产活动可导致空气质量恶化,极大影响员工身体健康。文章提出了一种空气调节系统,用于监测室内空气粉尘和VOC污染物浓度,适时开启换气系统,使空气参数保持在较高的水平。该系统集成多组粉尘和VOC检测模块和双向换气装置,根据发生空气质量恶化区域自适应调整空气流动路径,有针对性的净化空气。车间外设置风向传感器,根据自然风的风向调整室内换气方向,提高换气效率。各个监测点和执行点利用WiFi实现自组网,点与点之间密切配合,提高系统换气效率。验证试验表明:监测器能够稳定运行,点与点之间配合良好,高效率、针对性实现空气净化,大大改善了车间生产环境。

一种新型溶液除湿空调系统能耗及应用分析

传统空调系统通常采用温湿度联合处理的方式,该方式存在舒适性差、能源消耗大等问题。针对以上问题,提出一种利用复合直接蒸发冷却制冷水的溶液除湿空调系统,该系统可以有效节省功耗,符合节能减排的发展趋势。在研究过程中,以某办公楼为研究对象,利用TRNSYS仿真软件建立该系统,研究其在制冷季7—9月的能耗,分析其节能性及适用性。结果表明:当空调新风系统使用太阳能热水作为再生热源时,总供热能耗为6.1×10^(5)kW·h,总耗功为8.73×10^(4)kW·h。相比于传统空调系统,节能率达到55.2%,为降低空调系统能耗提供了新思路。

空调及换气系统运行对室内PM_(2.5)净化效果的影响

为了研究室内空调与换气系统运行时空气净化器对室内空气的净化效果,采用试验研究和CFD模拟相结合的方法,研究了空调与换气系统运行对净化器将室内PM_(2.5)净化到ASHRAE规定的可接受室内空气质量的限值15μg/m^(3)的净化时间的影响。结果表明,净化器外加空调净化时间相比净化器单独运行时间缩短15.2%;净化器外加换气系统净化时间相比净化器单独运行时缩短了30.4%;三系统联合运行时的净化时间相比净化器单独运行时间缩短32.6%。结果可为研究空调与换气系统对空气净化器净化效果的贡献及室内空气净化方式提供参考。

基于智能新风系统的旧实验楼宇改造的探索

以同济大学化学馆整体改造建设项目为例,介绍了基于智能新风排风联动系统的化学馆楼宇整体改造的各项措施,包含在设计中融入EHS体系、依据通风要求分等级分区设计、各项节能措施以及长效运行机制等。在项目改造过程中,以EHS理念为指导,以节能长效为目标,完成了旧楼改造的既定目标,师生满意度达到99%。本案例作为化学类老旧实验楼宇改造领域的有益探索,为旧实验楼改造和提升提供了一个典型范例,为后续工作积累了经验。

基于无机水合盐相变材料的相变蓄冷新风机实验研究

新风系统提高了空气质量,但其温度波动增加了空调系统的负担。相变材料能够利用低品位冷源进行蓄冷,控制新风温度波动。本研究将性能优异的无机复合相变材料与新风机耦合以搭建相变新风机,探究了18、20、22℃的冷水工况下相变新风机的蓄冷性能,发现夜间高温冷源能够满足蓄冷要求,利用相变储热的方式转移用电高峰;此外,相变蓄冷模块能够将28℃的新风温度降低2.4~3℃;基于峰谷电价政策,该装置充分利用电价差可节约54.8%的电力成本。

多联机空调系统夏季工况设计流程探讨

根据《实用供热空调设计手册》的设计流程,结合《多联机空调系统设计应用技术规程》的设计要求,研究分析了多联机空调系统在夏季工况时负荷处理、新风形式的特点,指出室内机选型时须进行显热量校核、潜热量校核、气流组织校核的必要性,并对文献中的设计流程提出修改建议。

空调新风系统需求响应潜力评估及影响因素研究

需求响应是保障电力供需平衡的重要措施,空调是重要的需求响应资源。空调新风负荷能耗占比高,但是基于室内二氧化碳浓度的新风负荷参与电力系统需求响应的潜力尚不清晰。该文以办公建筑新风系统为例,分别以单位小时能耗最低和全天电费最低为目标,提出了新风系统短期响应和全天响应策略,并建立了相应的响应潜力评估方法。研究结果表明:室内二氧化碳浓度惯性小,新风系统调节速度快,是优良的短期响应资源,单位小时能耗可削减20%~100%,人员密度越低,响应潜力越大,夏季尖峰电价时段平均可削减34%的新风负荷。以峰谷分时电价为响应信号,全天总运行费用可节省14%。在此基础上,进一步探究了室内二氧化碳浓度上限、人员密度、换气次数和气候区对新风负荷响应潜力的影响规律。新风柔性为建筑参与电网响应提出了新的解决方案,对于改善电力供需矛盾有较高的应用价值。

基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ的新风系统多目标优化控制策略研究

针对新风系统运行优化以降低室内甲醛浓度和减少能耗损失的问题,提出一种基于改进非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)的新风系统多目标优化控制策略。首先,采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术构建室内模型并仿真,分析室内甲醛浓度随新风系统送风速度及送风时间的变化趋势,并得到优化模型;然后,引入佳点集方法和正态分布交叉算子对NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行改进,并通过测试函数验证改进算法的有效性;最后,使用改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解新风系统控制策略优化问题的帕累托前沿,并从中选取4种方案进行分析验证。实验结果表明:改进算法可以有效地求解帕累托前沿,且其求解效率和速度优于原算法,该研究能够帮助决策者选择更多的优化策略,对新风系统的运行控制具有一定的参考价值。

住宅建筑新风系统对室内空气质量和舒适性影响的测试与评价

为了研究新风系统对住宅建筑室内空气质量和舒适性的影响,论文以某住宅楼房间为测试样本,通过现场测试,得到两种工况下室内CO_(2)浓度及空气分布特性指标(ADPI)的变化情况。研究表明新风系统对室内空气品质具有良好的改善作用,在论文模拟的实验条件下,2h内室内CO_(2)浓度提升值小于400ppm,远低于无新风系统作用状态;合理的新风系统设计有助于提高室内环境的舒适性,ADPI值由13.30%提高到46.67%。本文研究对于本地区新风系统的设计使用具有一定的参考意义。

液体循环式热回收在严寒和寒冷地区铅蓄电池生产厂房中的应用分析

分析了铅蓄电池生产厂房通风设计的特点,阐述了常规热回收装置的优、缺点,得出了液体循环式热回收是最适合应用在蓄电池厂房的结论。针对严寒和寒冷地区,以气温居中的银川地区为例,通过工程实践,计算分析了应用液体循环式热回收系统的经济性。并且,指出了系统设计时应注意的问题。

夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑新风热回收系统节能性能测试与应用研究

为了分析新风热回收系统在夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑中应用时的节能性能,对该系统在各季节的实际节能效果作出判断。通过现场测试计算出新风热回收系统的热交换效率、热回收量以及室内的新风负荷,运用PKPM能耗模拟软件建立两种建筑模型,计算分析某住宅建筑使用新风热回收系统前后的用电能耗和相对节能率。研究结果显示,使用新风热回收系统后,建筑相对节能率由2.60%提高到6.09%,建筑冬季供暖用电节能3948.35 kW·h,夏季空调用电节能2036.22 kW·h,总用电能耗降低了5984.57 kW·h,实现能源节约3.57%。上述研究内容为新风热回收系统的设计、运用及研究工作提供了借鉴帮助。

某综合医院空调系统问题分析及对策

某综合医院已正式运营5年有余,医院空调系统设计和施工阶段考虑不全面的问题逐步凸显。该文列举了空调系统设计思路以及日常运行中遇到的过渡季节内外区冷热不均,发热门诊空调选型偏小,某些机组安装位置不便于维修与更换,某些区域空调设置不合理等问题,并给出建议或解决方案。