Crab脉冲星巨脉冲辐射等待时间分布的非稳态泊松模拟

利用中国科学院新疆天文台南山观测站26m射电望远镜,在中心频率1556MHz,对Crab脉冲星(PSR B0531+21)进行了长达12.6h的连续观测,观测带宽为512MHz,时间分辨率为32μs,研究了巨脉冲辐射的等待时间分布特征.观测共探测到2097个信噪比大于10的巨脉冲,对应的流量密度大于100Jy.巨脉冲的爆发率表现为高度的间歇性,在较短的时间内具有较高的爆发率,在相对长的宁静期内巨脉冲的爆发率较低,尤其是中间脉冲相位内的巨脉冲爆发.相邻两个巨脉冲的等待时间分布表现为幂律分布特征,可以用一个非稳态的泊松过程进行模拟,这表明巨脉冲的爆发是一种独立的随机事件.此外,主脉冲和中间脉冲相位上的巨脉冲具有不同的等待时间分布特征,这意味着脉冲星不同磁极的巨脉冲辐射机制可能是不同的.这些观测结果对于理解脉冲星的射电辐射机制具有重要意义.

多发性骨髓瘤CRAB症状与抗氧化酶活性的相关性分析

目的:探讨多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者CRAB症状的常见临床指标与抗氧化酶活性之间的联系。方法:比色法检测44名骨髓瘤患者及12名非恶性血液病患者骨髓上清中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,分析两组抗氧化酶的活性差异以及骨髓瘤组中抗氧化酶的活性与血钙、血肌酐(Scr)、血红蛋白(Hb)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及骨破坏区域数量的关系。结果:与对照组相比,骨髓瘤患者的抗氧化酶活性更低(P<0.05)。当血钙、ALP的浓度高于正常水平,Hb低于85 g/L及存在多个骨破坏区域时,抗氧化酶CAT、SOD和GPX的活性明显降低(P<0.05);当Scr高于正常水平时,GPX活性明显降低(P<0.05)。回归分析结果显示,CAT、SOD、GPX与血钙(r=-0.538,r=-0.456,r=-0.431)、Scr(r=-0.342,r=-0.384,r=-0.463)和ALP(r=-0.551,r=-0.572,r=-0.482)均呈负性相关。结论:抗氧化酶CAT、SOD和GPX的活性在多发性骨髓瘤患者中下降,并且与CRAB症状的常见临床指标(血钙、Scr、ALP)呈负性相关,或许可以通过提高骨髓瘤患者体内的抗氧化酶活性来治疗CRAB症状。

Seasonal response of nitrogen exchange fluxes to crab disturbance at sediment-water interface in coastal tidal wetlands

Coastal wetlands are hotspots for nitrogen(N)cycling,and crab burrowing is known to transform N in intertidal marsh soils.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study conducted field experiments and used indoor control test devices to investigate the seasonal response of nitrogen to crab disturbance at the sediment-water interface in coastal tidal flat wetlands.The results showed that crab disturbance exhibited significant seasonality with large seasonal differences in cave density and depth.Due to crab disturbance,nitrogen fuxes at the sediment-water interface were much greater in the box with crabs than in the box without crabs.In summer,NH-N showed a positive flux from the sediment to the overlying water,but NO2-N and NOg-N showed positive fluxes from the sediment to the overlying water only in early stages.In winter,NH-N showed a positive flux from the sediment to the overlying water,but NO-N and NO,-N both exhibited positive and negative fluxes.These results indicated that the presence of crab burrows can cause the aerobic layer to move downward by approximately 8-15 cm in summer and directly promote nitrification at the sediment surface.

Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Crab Shell Using the Hydrothermal Method with Varying Holding Times

Hydroxyapatite(HA)is a bio ceramic commonly utilized in bone tissue engineering due to its bioactive and osteoconductive properties.Crab shells are usually disregarded as waste material despite their significant CaCO_(3) content,and have not been widely utilized in the synthesis of HA.This study aims to synthesize and analyze HA derived from crab shells using the hydrothermal method with different durations of holding time.This study utilized precipitated calcium carbonate(PCC)derived from crab shells.With a hydrothermal reactor set at 160℃ and varying holding times of 14(HA_14),16(HA_16),and 18(HA_18)h,a PCC and(NH4)2HPO4 mixture was used to synthesize HA.The synthesis results were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)tests.This study has accomplished the synthesis of HA from crab shells.Nonetheless,the final product of synthesis still contained CaCO_(3) as an impurity.The prolonged hydrothermal holding time of 14 to 18 h resulted in a reduction of impurities while increasing the percentage of crystal weight and crystallite size of HA.Specimen CH_18 is the best-quality product generated in this study.This specimen produced HA with the highest percentage of crystal weight and crystallite size compared to the other specimens.Furthermore,specimen CH_18 exhibited the lowest concentration of impurities.The Ca/P ratio in this specimen was also the closest to 1.67.The Ca/P ratio,crystallite size,and crystal weight percentage of this specimen are 1.54,19.06 nm,and 99.1%,respectively.

Fast Two-dimensional Positioning Method of Crab Pulsar Based on Multiple Optimization Algorithms

In the two-dimensional positioning method of pulsars, the grid method is used to provide non-sensitive direction and positional estimates. However, the grid method has a high computational load and low accuracy due to the interval of the grid. To improve estimation accuracy and reduce the computational load, we propose a fast twodimensional positioning method for the crab pulsar based on multiple optimization algorithms(FTPCO). The FTPCO uses the Levenberg–Marquardt(LM) algorithm, three-point orientation(TPO) method, particle swarm optimization(PSO) and Newton–Raphson-based optimizer(NRBO) to substitute the grid method. First, to avoid the influence of the non-sensitive direction on positioning, we take an orbital error and the distortion of the pulsar profile as optimization objectives and combine the grid method with the LM algorithm or PSO to search for the non-sensitive direction. Then, on the sensitive plane perpendicular to the non-sensitive direction, the TPO method is proposed to fast search the sensitive direction and sub-sensitive direction. Finally, the NRBO is employed on the sensitive and sub-sensitive directions to achieve two-dimensional positioning of the Crab pulsar. The simulation results show that the computational load of the FTPCO is reduced by 89.4% and the positioning accuracy of the FTPCO is improved by approximately 38% compared with the grid method. The FTPCO has the advantage of high real-time accuracy and does not fall into the local optimum.

The Science of Radio Astronomy: An Investigation of Crab Nebula

The science of radio astronomy focuses on the observation and study of celestial objects by reading their radio waves. The 5 meter radio-telescope is able to observe different radio sources using a C-band LNB. This research was essentially focused on Crab Nebula, also known as Taurus A. The study led to interesting observations, which were validated numerically using various scientific computing software. The radio waves emitted by Taurus A are readable by the RTL-SDR, a software defined radio receiver. This device is capable of reading radio frequencies in the range of 0.5 MHZ to 1700 MHZ.

XPNAV-1和NICER对Crab脉冲星观测数据的比较分析

通过对比NICER(Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer)和XPNAV-1(X-ray Pulsar Navigation-1)关于Crab脉冲星同一时段(108天)观测数据的计时处理结果,发现在周期跃变发生前的时段(95天),NICER数据的拟合前计时残差的RMS(root mean square)为5.77μs,远优于XPNAV-1数据的拟合前计时残差的RMS 51.56μs,体现了NICER在有效面积、探测效率、数据采集等方面的优势,给未来我国的X射线脉冲星探测器研制提供了发展方向;而在周期跃变发生后的时段(13天),发现XPNAV-1数据的拟合前计时残差的RMS为55.87μs,而NICER数据的拟合前计时残差的RMS为167.27μs,周期跃变对NICER的影响更大,说明在处理周期跃变发生后时段的NICER数据时,由于NICER的观测精度非常高,需要更频繁地更新Crab星历。最后分别得到了两个探测器整段数据的计时残差。XPNAV-1数据的拟合前计时残差的RMS为55.94μs,而NICER数据的拟合前计时残差的RMS为64.34μs,这说明NICER数据受周期跃变影响更为明显,进一步证明了上述结论。

Impact of three different processing methods on the digestibility and allergenicity of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)tropomyosin

The tropomyosin(TM)fractions of crab protems may cause allergic reactions in mdividuals susceptible to allergies;however,efficient and safe methods by which to reduce such allergenicity are not currently available.Therefore,in this study,the effects of three different processing methods,i.e.,microwave,ultrasound,and high temperature-pressure(HTP)treatments,on the digestion stability of TM from Chinese mitten crab muscle and the allergenicity of TM digestion products were explored.sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that microwaving had little effect on the digestion stability of TM.In contrast,ultrasound and HTP treatments facilitated the degradation of TM.Similarly,Western blotting and inhibition ELISA indicated that the IgE-binding activity of TM was significantly reduced after treatment with ultrasound or HTP.Among the three different proces sing methods,HTP was the most effective method for improving digestibility of TM and reducing immunoreactivity.This finding provides new insights into treatments for crab allergies.

非完整约束移动机器人CRAB RRT轨迹规划

针对快速扩展树算法在多障碍环境搜索效率低、冗余节点多的问题,提出一种CRAB-RRT算法。该算法采用圆域概率偏向采样策略进行随机采样;将扩展树上节点分为2类,通过度量邻近点间对角线距离、历史路径成本和扩展角度的加权和,在有效邻近点集中选出高质量最近点;在新节点扩展中添加了目标引力分量,并根据环境障碍信息实现扩展步长自适应变化;经过对非完整约束移动机器人运动学模型的分析,提出了极限角约束,通过考虑受极限角约束的路径裁剪策略剔除冗余节点,利用三次B样条平滑方法平滑轨迹。通过数值仿真分析和实车实验,验证了CRAB-RRT算法的可行性、实用性与优越性,平滑后的路径更利于机器人跟踪,且适用于多障碍环境。

Crab脉冲星标准脉冲轮廓更新对计时精度的改进

对于脉冲星试验01星的两年实测数据,针对蟹状星云脉冲星星历经历了多次更新的特点,提出了更新标准脉冲轮廓进行X射线计时的改进方法。以一系列观测时长为实测数据分组,再采用改进后的方法进行计时分析并与改进前的结果进行对比。通过对比改进前后的计时结果,发现改进方法得到的计时残差的均方根(root mean square, RMS)平均降低了14.2%,定位精度平均提高了14.4%,估计原子钟相对频率偏差的精度平均提高了26.2%,体现了改进方法处理经历多次星历更新的Crab脉冲星观测数据的合理性和优越性。此外,改进方法对脉冲星试验01星两年观测数据的稳定度σ_(z)没有量级上的改进,说明改进方法对Crab脉冲星时间稳定度的影响不大。

Combined Action of Lysozymes of Fresh-Water Bivalve Mollusks and Antibacterial Preparations against Some Clinical Strains of Microorganisms

The aim of the present study was to determine the MICs using broth microdilution method and their combination effect by （minimum inhibitory concentrations） of selected antibiotic agents determination of FICindex （fractional inhibitory concentrations）. Lysozyme Anodonta cygnea was more active than Lysozyme Uniopictorum, especially against Gram-negative bacterias. Combination of Macropen and Lysozyme Unio pictorum has a synergistic effect, while a separation of these antibacterial agents was not active against some of the strains of microorganisms.

光子TOA与自转频率误差对Crab脉冲星脉冲TOA估计的影响

为量化分析Crab脉冲星X射线波段光子到达时间(TOA)测量误差和自转频率误差对脉冲TOA估计的影响,仿真生成了13 200组带有不同光子TOA测量误差的光子TOA数据。采用含有不同大小自转频率误差的Crab脉冲星星历,通过历元折叠建立积分脉冲轮廓,与标准脉冲轮廓作互相关运算获得各组仿真观测的脉冲TOA测量误差,进一步计算出各误差参数组的仿真观测脉冲TOA测量误差均方根(RMS)。仿真结果表明,为使Crab脉冲星脉冲TOA短期测量精度达到30~300μs量级的要求,有效面积为6 000 cm^(2)和30 cm^(2)的探测器脉冲星自转频率误差均应小于3×10^(-6) Hz, 30 cm^(2)的探测器光子TOA的偶然误差同时应控制在500μs以内。

Study on crab-cavity-based longitudinal injection scheme and prototype realization of C-band crab cavity for electron storage rings

A diffraction-limited storage ring with a multi-bend achromat lattice suffers from a small dynamic aperture for conventional off-axis injection.Thus,a longitudinal on-axis injection scheme based on a new type of crab cavity is proposed in this paper.Particle tracking simulations were performed to study the disturbance of the stored beam and the motion of the injected beam during the injection process.The possibility of multi-bunch injections was discussed.In addition,the effect of the long-range wake field induced by the stored beam was analyzed.A C-band standing-wave crab cavity was designed and produced as requested,and its field distribution was measured.The corresponding results are consistent with the simulation results.

Long-term in-vitro culture and subculture of the hemocytes of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

Crab cell line,especially continuous crab cell line,can provide us a useful tool for studies on the virology,immunology,and molecular biology of crabs.However,no continuous crab cell line has been available due to the lacking of suitable medium and the occurrence of mitosis-arrest.In this study,long-term in vitro culture conditions for both two-(2D)and three-dimensions(3D)were successfully developed for the circulating hemocytes of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus,designated as PTH cells.In 2D culture,a novel crab basic medium in osmolarity of 990–1100 mOsm/kg was optimized for the first time,which is different from Leibovitz's L-15 medium in mainly the components of amino acids,containing double strengths of the contents of free amino acid mixture in the crab serum.Then an optimal crab growth medium was developed by supplementing 5%fetal bovine serum,50-g/L yeast extract powder,20-μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor into the optimal crab basic medium,and found that it could support a long-term survival of PTH cells in a healthy monolayer up to 347 days and partially break through the mitosis-arrest of crab cells evidenced by the obvious increase of proliferating potential detected in the 10-d primarily cultured PTH cells.These 2D cultured PTH cells could be successfully sub-cultured for 11 times by physical flushing method and well cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen.In 3D culture,using the same crab growth medium,the PTH cell aggregates could be easily formed and healthily maintained on the surface of solidified Matrigel or in the ultra-low-attachment plate with a survival rate of 50%–60%on Day 103.This work largely improved the primary culture and subculture of crab cells and will facilitate the establishment of continuous crab cell line.

Integrated Rice-Based Shrimp and Crabs Farming: Adaptation to Climate Change and Potential Mitigation of Global Warming in the Coastal Wetlands of Bangladesh

Coastal agriculture is vulnerable to climate change, thereby may affect food production systems and food security in Bangladesh. Methane (CH4) emission from coastal wetlands rice farming is a major environmental concern due to its global warming potential. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the southern coastal region of Shyamnagar, Satkhira, to investigate the feasibility of Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming for adaptation to the changing climate and sustaining food production system. The experimental treatments were designed on rice-based diversified farming systems such as rice sole cropping with no NPKS + no soil amendments (T1), rice sole cropping following farmers’ practice (FP) without soil amendment (T2), rice sole cropping following FP with phosphogypsum (PG) amendment (T3), Rice-Shrimp mixed culture with PG amendment (T4), Rice-Crabs mixed culture with PG amendment (T5), Rice-Shrimp mixed culture + PG amendment with Spirulina (Cyanobacteria) inoculation (T6), and Rice-Crabs mixed culture + PG amendment with Spirulina inoculation (T7). A closed chamber technique was followed to collect gas samples from the rice paddy field and samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. It was found that Rice-Shrimp (T6) and Rice-Crabs mixed farming (T7) practices significantly decreased GWPs compared to the rice sole cropping system. In the dry boro season, the maximum GWPs 4175 kg CO2 eq. ha-1 was recorded from rice sole cropping (T2), which was decreased by 30% and 36.7% under Rice-Shrimp (T6) and Rice-Crabs (T7) mixed farming practices, respectively. Furthermore, in the wet aman season, maximum GWP 4525 kg CO2 eq. ha-1 was recorded from rice sole cropping (T2), which was decreased by 33.0% and 38.8% under Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming, respectively. Rice grain yield was low under rice sole cropping (3500 kg/ha), which was increased by 11.0% and 14.7% under Rice-Shrimp mixed farming amended with PG and Spirulina (T6) during wet aman and dry boro seasons, respectively. The postharvest soil properties, such as soil organic matter content, redox potential value (Eh), and exchangeable K+ and Ca2+, contents in soil increased significantly with Phosphogypsum and Spirulina applications, however, decreased Na+ content and electrical conductivity (EC) eventually improved rice plants’ tolerance to salinity and enhanced overall productivity of Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming. Conclusively, the conversion of wetland mono rice cropping into mixed Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs farming would be a feasible strategy to sustain rice aquaculture-based farming, ensure food security and mitigate GWPs in coastal wetlands ecosystem.

辽河流域稻蟹共作系统主要蜘蛛生态位

稻蟹共作是利用种间互利共生、食物链、生态位等理论,有效地将水稻生产和水产养殖相结合的稻田综合种养模式,对推动农业生态发展具有重要意义。蜘蛛是稻田重要的捕食性天敌,为探明稻蟹共作系统中主要蜘蛛生态位特征,在时间、空间维度上对常规稻田和稻蟹共作田中主要蜘蛛种类、数量进行调查,并采用生态位理论方法,系统地分析了主要蜘蛛生态位宽度和重叠特征,结果表明:(1)两处理稻田共调查蜘蛛892头,隶属于10科共30种,其中稻蟹田蜘蛛占比57.96%,比常规田多15.92%;狼蛛、皿蛛、肖蛸在两处理田中数量均居前列,其中,狼蛛数量最多,每调查点分别为(18.60±1.17)头(常规田)、(26.00±2.39)头(稻蟹田);两处理田中的逍遥蛛和漏斗蛛数量较少。(2)时间维度上,稻蟹共作系统中狼蛛、皿蛛、跳蛛生态位宽度增加,肖蛸生态位宽度减小;空间维度上,稻蟹共作系统中狼蛛、皿蛛、肖蛸生态位宽度增加,管巢蛛生态位宽度减小;时空二维角度,稻蟹共作系统中狼蛛、皿蛛生态位宽度增加,增幅分别为49.64%和47.49%,管巢蛛生态位宽度下降,降幅为25.04%。(3)稻蟹共作系统蜘蛛时空二维生态位重叠指数和相似性比例指数多数表现为增大或持平,仅管巢蛛与园蛛、肖蛸的指数下降。研究首次探讨分析了稻蟹共作系统主要蜘蛛生态位特征,稻蟹共作通过影响蜘蛛在稻田环境中的活动强度、分布格局与数量结构,不同程度地改变了蜘蛛时间、空间生态位及其重叠和相似性特征,当竞争加剧时,蜘蛛将增大对较多资源序列利用的程度,从而更好地发挥控虫能力。

崇明清水蟹产业特点、主要问题与发展建议

崇明是上海河蟹产业的主产区,占上海市河蟹养殖总面积的78.2%,占全市河蟹总产量的86.3%。文章通过梳理崇明清水蟹2017—2022年的发展脉络,总结了其发展特点及存在问题。分析发现,近年来崇明加强政企联合宣传,促使“崇明清水蟹”知名度逐步提高,2022年崇明清水蟹示范养殖面积基本稳定在269 hm^(2),良种覆盖范围不断扩大,全区良种覆盖率达73.3%。但受种草品种单一和持续高温的影响,2022年成蟹单位产量、单位产值和单位效益相比2021年分别减少了10.0%、8.3%和18.5%。建议未来崇明清水蟹发展定位于高品质的种源、领先的养殖技术,逐步形成三产融合的发展格局。

绥芬河河蟹亲蟹培育及越冬技术研究

绥芬河河蟹为黑龙江省绥芬河流域的野生土著河蟹,具有种质纯正、耐寒力及抗病性强、生长速度快、性成熟晚等优良种质特性。文章介绍了绥芬河河蟹亲蟹培育及越冬技术,供参考。

池塘养殖“六月黄”中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺的滋味特征

为揭示“六月黄”中华绒螯蟹食用部分(几乎全部为肝胰腺)的滋味品质特征,利用味觉分析系统,研究昆山市养殖池塘产雌、雄“六月黄”中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺的滋味特征。结果表明,新鲜蒸制的“六月黄”中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺的基本味味觉指标中,鲜味非常突出,其次是苦味和涩味。而其回味味觉指标中苦味回味最高,其次是涩味回味和鲜味回味。“六月黄”雌、雄蟹个体间,苦、涩味和苦味回味等味觉强度指标均有极显著差异(P<0.01)。相关线性判别分析的初始验证判别和交互验证回判的正确率均可达到100%。池塘养殖“六月黄”中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺滋味具有显著性别差异性,雄蟹的滋味特征显示出较雌蟹更为美味的趋势。

盘山县稻蟹生态种养模式经济效益分析

为探索稻蟹生态种养的最优模式,对盘山县常规水稻单一种植(RM)、稻蟹生态种养模式(ERC)和稻蟹生态种养优化模式(OERC)三种模式下水稻产量及输出产品综合效益进行了比较分析。结果表明,三种种养模式的水稻产量未呈现显著差异,ERC和OERC两种生态种养模式都显著提升了经济效益,与ERC相比,OERC对河蟹产出量和规格提高效果明显,亦可有效减轻纹枯病的发生,并对于易倒伏水稻品种降低倒伏率作用显著,是兼顾经济效益和生态效益的稻蟹生态种养优化模式。