Design and friction loss study of full-ocean depth oil-filled direct current motor

In this study,we designed an oil-filled motor that can be used at full-ocean depths,and investigated the friction losses caused by the rotating seal and the properties of the oil.The direct current(DC)motor is encapsulated in an aluminum alloy housing.A rubber diaphragm is used to balance the internal and external pressures so that the motor can work on the seabed without pressure difference.To study the resistance caused by the rotating seal,a numerical model of the Glyd ring and the rotating shaft was established.Results from a rotational torque test agreed with those from numerical analysis.The kinematic viscosity of four oils was measured at 1-25℃.Oil bath experiments in an incubator showed that the resistance from oil is highly correlated with its dynamic viscosity.Dimethicone appears to be very suitable as an insulating oil for these motors.The working characteristics of the motor were tested in a high-pressure chamber.The results showed that the motor needs to overcome higher oil resistance under higher pressure.A prototype of a pressure-adaptive motor was designed and applied successfully in the hadal zone at a water depth of more than 10000 m.

Effects of Dimensional Tolerances on the Friction Power Loss of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing System

According to the dimensional tolerances on hydrodynamic journal bearing system, a nonlinear oil film force model was established,and the Reynolds' equation was solved by adopting finite difference method. In order to fulfill different dimensional tolerances in the system,adopting 2kfactor design and using the eccentricity ratio corresponding to the stability critical curve,the effects of the friction power loss brought by the dimensional tolerances of the dynamic viscosity,bearing width,bearing diameter and journal diameter were analyzed. The effect on dynamic characteristics of the hydrodynamic journal bearing system was quantitatively analyzed,and the nonlinear dynamic analysis, modeling and calculation methods were studied while considering the manufacturing tolerances. The results show that in contrast to the impacts of the tolerances in journal diameter,dynamic viscosity and bearing width,the bearing diameter tolerance would lead to the rise in the power loss, and the dimensional tolerances have different degrees of impacts on the journal bearing system. The friction power loss decreased as the eccentricity ratio increased, and when the eccentricity ratio was 0. 695 the power loss came to the minimum.The investigation would find the best solution and reduce energy consumption,then control varieties of nonlinear dynamical behavior effectively,and provide a theoretical basis for hydrodynamic journal bearing system in parameter design.

Experimental Analysis and Optimization of Timing Belt Guide Plate Material on Engine Operational Friction Loss

We focus on the friction loss measurement and reduction of the timing belt guide plates of a fourcylinder gasoline engine. To minimize the friction loss caused by the dynamic friction of the guide plates during timing belt motion and improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine(ICE), we adopt four different plastic materials in fabricating the guide plates. With controlled engine boundary conditions and operational modes, an AVL electric dynamometer is used to measure the output of the engine. The results indicate that selecting polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) as the additive in fabricating the guide plates can effectively reduce the friction loss, so that the output torque and output power of the engine can be improved, thus reducing fuel consumptions. This work also has positive impact on the efficiency optimization of similar ICEs.

摆线针轮减速机参数对传动效率的影响与参数优化

为进一步提高摆线针轮减速机的传动效率,对减速机传动效率的影响规律进行了深入研究,提出了考虑设计参数与工况参数变化的摆线针轮减速机传动效率计算模型,并对参数进行了优化。首先,考虑摩擦力和啮合齿隙,建立了摆线针轮传动机构的多齿承载接触分析模型,计算了摆线针齿啮合力与载荷分布规律;然后,考虑摆线针轮减速机的啮合损耗、输出损耗、轴承损耗、润滑损耗和密封损耗,提出了摆线针轮减速机传动效率计算模型,并分析了设计参数和工况参数对摆线针轮减速机传动效率的影响规律。研究表明,在考虑摩擦受力的情况下,转速、负载、针齿销半径、针齿分布圆半径、偏心距、针齿套半径是影响传动效率的主要参数,针齿销数、柱销分布圆半径、柱销半径和摆线轮齿宽次之。最后,以齿轮强度、齿轮宽度、齿廓形状、齿间间隙和承载能力作为参数优化范围,将效率和体积作为目标对设计参数进行多目标优化分析,得到最优参数解,进而获得了更小体积、更高传动效率的摆线针轮减速机。

非均布压力作用下纯弯曲孔道预应力摩阻损失

为获得更准确的孔道预应力摩阻损失计算方法,保证桥梁结构设计的有效预应力和桥梁结构的安全运行。根据赫兹接触理论,综合考虑摩擦力、接触压力与张拉力间的相互作用,导出了纯弯曲孔道在非均匀压力作用下摩阻损失公式。通过有限元软件分析不同参数对摩阻损失计算值的影响。通过实际工程的摩阻试验探究纯弯曲孔道在非均匀压力下预应力摩阻损失的具体分布规律,并通过规范公式、推导公式的理论计算值与现场实测数据的偏差,验证公式的合理性。结果表明:弯曲角度小于120°、摩擦系数为0.2~0.4范围内,推导公式计算值更接近实际情况;随着张拉应力和弯曲角度的增加,利用推导公式计算得到的摩阻损失值更接近实测结果。

装配式混凝土梁桥预应力摩阻损失研究

装配式预应力混凝土梁桥以其施工效率高、构件质量好等优势应运而生,混凝土构件在工厂可以标准化生产确保质量,而预应力损失却难以把控。现行规范中对于弯曲孔道预应力摩阻损失的计算在接触压力、弯曲夹角等方面存在不适用性。基于弹性接触理论,揭示该公式在推导过程中的缺陷,对某线路装配式混凝土梁桥进行预应力沿程损失试验,验证预应力混凝土梁桥的有效预应力不足来源于计算公式缺陷。

柔性转子弹性对行波旋转超声电机接触特性的影响

转/定子间动态接触过程决定行波旋转超声电机(TRUM)的输出性能,但是柔性转子弹性在以往界面接触特性研究中常被忽略.本文中基于建立的考虑柔性转子和摩擦层三维弹性的转-定子动力学耦合模型,从接触界面的接触状态、速度、接触应力、摩擦应力驱动和阻碍子区等空间分布角度,研究了柔性转子弹性对TRUM摩擦界面的动态接触行为和摩擦损耗的影响.结果表明:柔性转子在轴向、径向和切向均呈现出一定的振动速度,且在接触界面沿圆周方向与定子各向速度形成一定的相位关系,显著影响界面动态接触特性、摩擦特性和摩擦损耗;柔性转子与定子轴向位移分布的相位一致性表明,定子与摩擦层的接触界面具有类齿轮啮合机制;与以往中间驱动两端阻碍的分布结果不同,考虑转/定子动力学耦合的接触区摩擦应力分布为一端驱动和一端阻碍的新机制.计算结果表明在建模过程中忽略柔性转子弹性得到的界面摩擦损耗要比考虑柔性转子弹性获得的摩擦损耗大得多,主要原因:(1)柔性转子径向刚度小,摩擦力作用下接触区的运动方向与定子相同,从而减小了径向速度差和径向摩擦损耗;(2)柔性转子界面的切向振动特性,改变了接触界面黏-滑子区分布,使得行波远离端的摩擦应力阻碍子区消失,且摩擦层界面切向剪切变形长度增大,从而减小了切向滑动和摩擦损耗.研究结果将有助于更好地理解TRUM中的动态接触特性,并指导摩擦界面的设计.

大屯锡矿尾砂膏体环管管输数值模拟研究

膏体管输沿程阻力是影响管道设计与采场充填质量的关键因素之一,采用Fluent建立与实际环管实验系统一样的管道输送的几何模型,分析得到不同管线沿程阻力损失之间的关系以及膏体配比参数对沿程阻力损失的影响规律。研究表明:膏体在管道中弯管处的速度和压力都发生急剧的变化,弯管外侧压力和速度明显大于弯管内侧,有着明显的梯度。在水平管段速度和压力在管道径向上存在明显的梯度,呈结构流的特点,分为柱塞流动区和边界层区域。在膏体管道输送中管道内膏体的速度和压力均存在着边界效应,随着流速的增大,管输阻力增大;随着膏体质量浓度增加,沿程管道阻力损失变大;随着屈服应力与塑性黏度的增加,沿程阻力损失也增大,获得了不同物料组成、管道内径、管流流速下水平段膏体压力损失,为大屯锡矿最终输送泵、充填管道选型提供了依据。

镀镍FeS对铁基轴承材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

以Fe,C混合粉末为原料,FeS或镀镍FeS为固体润滑剂,通过粉末冶金工艺制备了FeS/铁基轴承材料的试样,研究镀镍FeS对试样显微组织、密度、硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,结果表明:FeS表面镀镍提高了FeS与基体的界面结合强度,增大了试样的密度和硬度;干摩擦条件下,含镀镍FeS试样摩擦表面形成的固体润滑膜更牢固、完整,黏着磨损减少,耐磨性提高;油润滑条件下,润滑油膜与FeS固体润滑膜可以协同润滑,提高了摩擦副间润滑膜的稳定性和承载能力,减摩耐磨性能更好。

低黏度润滑油对重型商用柴油机节能减排和可靠性的影响研究

从摩擦损失和泵送功耗两个方向论证了低黏度润滑油的有效性;从仿真计算和摩擦学试验两个手段探测了低黏度润滑油的可行性;从经济性、排放性、可靠性3个维度验证了低黏度润滑油对重型商用柴油机的影响。经济性主要通过倒拖摩擦功和万有油耗进行对比评价;排放性主要通过WHTC排放循环和机油耗进行对比评价;可靠性主要通过台架耐久和路试验证进行对比评价。结果表明:摩擦功可降低3.6%~12.5%;燃油经济性受负荷影响显著,常用工况区可节油(1~2)g/(kW·h);NO_(x)和PM排放几无影响;24 h机油耗影响差异在5%以内;耐久过程中机油压力及漏气量波动率符合限值要求、油液监测数据正常;耐久后关键摩擦副表观正常,磨损变化量小,在可靠性接受范围内;市场验证节油效果在6.41%左右,且换油期未受影响。研究结论对于双碳目标的完成和低黏度润滑油的推介应用尤其是在售成熟机型切换提供了数据依据。

电力液压系统中的密封摩擦特性分析与优化

随着电力液压系统中发动机的快速发展,活塞组件面临着越来越苛刻的工作环境。为了降低发动机活塞组的摩擦损失功,提高电力液压系统的工作效率,通过对电力液压系统中活塞环组密封摩擦特性影响因素进行分析,再通过正交试验对实验进行优化,分析不同环组配合下的曲轴偏置、活塞销偏置、配缸间隙和活塞中凸点高度等因素对密封和摩擦特性的影响规律。实验结果表明,曲轴偏置是对摩擦损失功最主要的影响因素,配缸间隙是对窜气量最主要的影响因素。优化后方案与原始方案相比,窜气量减少至39.53 L/min,摩擦损失功为0.45 kW。优化后的方案密封性得到了改善,同时摩擦损失功和敲击噪声均有所减少。通过对电力液压系统中的密封摩擦特性进行深入研究和优化,可以为提高液压系统的可靠性和效率提供理论依据和实践指导。

大跨度连续刚构桥超长预应力钢束优化设计研究

针对超长预应力钢束整体损失会导致大跨度连续刚构桥跨中出现持续下挠和腹板开裂的现象,基于合理成桥状态的优化设计思路,以减小超长钢束的摩阻损失为控制目标,提出平行交错锚固和分段锚固两种优化布置方案,将其与通长束布置形式下的主梁挠度、应力以及预应力储备能力等方面进行对比分析。结果表明:平行交错锚固和分段锚固两种方案钢束预应力储备分别提高了21.53%和20.76%,成桥阶段跨中实腹段下挠程度分别减小了14.28%和88.91%,两种优化方案均能改善结构的承载能力,但分段锚固方案较平行交错锚固方案改善效果更明显。

曲面摩擦型织物耐磨仪测试方法的改进

为了解决威士伯织物耐磨仪在曲面摩擦测试中存在磨料适应性差、磨料耐久性低和测试效率低的问题,以具有代表性的纯棉、涤棉和涤纶织物为测试对象,采用耐久性好的金刚石砂布和树脂砂布作为磨料,并对金刚石砂布和树脂砂布的摩擦耐久性进行验证。探究了在磨料锋利度和负荷不变的条件下,织物强力损失率与摩擦次数的相关性,重点围绕摩擦后织物强力损失率这一客观评价指标,提出通过给定摩擦次数(100次)下筛选磨料锋利度使之与被测织物适配,避免织物样品欠磨损造成磨损差异小、结果数据离散度大的问题和过度磨损造成结果区分度低、耗时长的问题;在此基础上倍增摩擦次数(200次)提高测试结果稳定性和区分度。认为:改进后的测试方法提高了耐磨仪对织物样品的适应性,显著提升了测试效率和耐磨性评价的准确性。

深中通道桥梁工程环氧钢绞线张拉用限位板的张拉限位距离

以深中通道项目的桥梁工程为对象,针对环氧钢绞线的张拉施工,通过理论分析、室内试验和现场检测,围绕限位板的限位距离对锚口摩阻及预应力损失的影响进行了分析。首先分析了锚具系统锚口摩阻的构成和影响因素,通过试验数据和理论计算验证了不同限位距离对锚口摩阻损失和钢绞线回缩损失的影响;然后通过计算与在实际桥梁工程中进行试验,对比了不同限位距离下钢绞线的磨损情况及锚下有效预应力值,得出了限位距离为12mm时张拉本项目的单丝环氧钢绞线能够有效降低预应力损失的结论;最后总结了分析结果,并提出了在深中通道桥梁工程中使用限位距离为12mm的限位板进行环氧钢绞线张拉的建议,为类似工程的预应力施工提供实践经验。

沿程水力摩阻的电算实现与应用

针对油田注水、采油工艺设计中经常用到牛顿流体沿程水力摩阻计算而效率不高的问题,根据经典教材的计算方法,使用WPS表格VBA编制了九参数的自定义函数,实现了在WPS表格中快速计算沿程水力摩阻,并能返回多种计算结果,极大地提高了工作效率。自定义函数的计算结果与所引用的2篇文献的偏差在1%以内,证明其结果可靠,能用于快速计算注水、采油时的沿程摩擦压降,这对于油田生产选择合适的管子尺寸、流量范围、节省能源有很大的指导作用。此外,该WPS表格自定义函数也适用于Office Excel。

Friction and wear properties of copper matrix composites reinforced by tungsten-coated carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were coated by tungsten layer using metal organic chemical vapor deposition process with tungsten hexacarbonyl as a precursor. The W-coated CNTs （W-CNTs） were dispersed into Cu powders by magnetic stirring process and then the mixed powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering to fabricate W-CNTs/Cu composites. The CNTs/Cu composites were fabricated using the similafprocesses. The friction coefficient and mass wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu and CNTs/Cu composites were studied. The results showed that the W-CNT content, interfacial bonding situation, and applied load could influence the friction coefficient and wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu com- posites. When the W-CNT content was 1.0 wt.%, the W-CNTs/Cu composites got the minimum friction coefficient and wear loss, which were decreased by 72.1% and 47.6%, respectively, compared with pure Cu specimen. The friction coefficient and wear loss of W-CNTs/Cu composites were lower than those of CNTs/Cu composites, which was due to that the interracial bonding at （W-CNTs）-Cu interface was better than that at CNTs-Cu interface. The friction coefficient of composites did not vary obviously with increasing applied load, while the wear loss of composites increased significantly with the increase of applied load.

基于缸套失圆的活塞环结构参数对密封与摩擦性能的影响研究

以某非道路高压共轨柴油机为研究对象,采用仿真和测试相结合的方法,建立了整机耦合装配模型与活塞环组动力学模型,研究了干式缸套的失圆变形。在考虑缸套失圆变形的基础上,研究了活塞环结构参数对窜气量、机油消耗量和摩擦损失的影响,并通过正交设计方法进行了活塞环径向弹力、开口间隙和侧向间隙对窜气量、机油消耗和摩擦损失的影响研究。研究结果表明,活塞环结构参数中,二环径向弹力、二环开口间隙和顶环侧向间隙对窜气量的影响最大,油环径向弹力、二环开口间隙和顶环侧向间隙对机油消耗量的影响最大,油环径向弹力、油环开口间隙和油环侧向间隙对摩擦损失的影响最大。

Influence of loading and rotation speed on Friction and Wear properties of CuAlBi Alloy

The variation of the friction coefficient of the CuAlBi alloy at different connecting loading and friction speed were investigated by using MMU-5G sliding friction-wear tester, besides, the wear mass loss of the CuAlBi alloy was measured, and the influence of loading and rotation speed on friction and wear properties of CuAlBi alloy was also discussed. The results show that the friction coefficient increase then decrease with increase of connecting loading as well as decreases with increase of friction speed, and the wear loss mass increases with increase of connecting loading and friction speed. As a result, the wear failure form of CuAlBi alloy is mainly ploughing.

油摩损耗对电潜泵用永磁电机流固耦合传热计算的影响

电潜泵用永磁电机工作在高温高压的特殊环境下,采用润滑油作为潜油电机的润滑和冷却物质,润滑油随着转子在气隙中运动。以往研究只考虑了转子油摩损耗,然而相比于空冷、水冷等冷却方式,油冷时,润滑油黏度较大的特性是不可忽略的因素。且电潜泵用电机转速较高,润滑油对定子侧产生的油摩损耗是否可以忽略及其对电机温升的影响需进一步探究。因此,以一台15 kW潜油永磁电机为例,推导出了定子油摩损耗近似解析式,提出了定子油摩损耗与转子油摩损耗的关系规律。基于计算流体力学和流固耦合传热理论,研究了气隙处流体流动特性,证明了定子油摩损耗近似解析式的准确性,得出了电机各部件温升分布,并分析了定子油摩损耗对电机的温升影响。