Floating Clamping Mechanism of PT Fuel Injector and Its Dynamic Characteristics Analysis

PT fuel injector is one of the most important parts of modern diesel engine.To satisfy the requirements of the rapid and accurate test of PT fuel injector,the self-adaptive floating clamping mechanism was developed and used in the relevant bench.Its dynamic characteristics directly influence the test efficiency and accuracy.However,due to its special structure and complex oil pressure signal,related documents for evaluating dynamic characteristics of this mechanism are lack and some dynamic characteristics of this mechanism can＇t be extracted and recognized effectively by traditional methods.Aiming at the problem above-mentioned,a new method based on Hilbert-Huang transform（HHT） is presented.Firstly,combining with the actual working process,the dynamic liquid pressure signal of the mechanism is acquired.By analyzing the pressure fluctuation during the whole working process in time domain,oil leakage and hydraulic shock in the clamping chamber are discovered.Secondly,owing to the nonlinearity and nonstationarity of pressure signal,empirical mode decomposition is used,and the signal is decomposed and reconstructed into forced vibration,free vibration and noise.By analyzing forced vibration in the time domain,machining error and installation error of cam are revealed.Finally,free vibration component is analyzed in time-frequency domain with HHT,the traits of free vibration in the time-frequency domain are revealed.Compared with traditional methods,Hilbert spectrum has higher time-frequency resolutions and higher credibility.The improved mechanism based on the above analyses can guarantee the test accuracy of injector injection.This new method based on the analyses of the pressure signal and combined with HHT can provide scientific basis for evaluation,design improvement of the mechanism,and give references for dynamic characteristics analysis of the hydraulic system in the interrelated fields.

Effect of pulsed laser process parameters on welding quality of automobile fuel injector

In this research, pulverization plate and base of a fuel injector in an automobile electronic-controlled engine was joined by pulsed laser welding. The different welding parameters were evaluated and effect of process parameters on joint characteristics was analyzed. The optimal process parameters were obtained as follows： welding current 120 A, welding speed 600 ram/rain, pulse duration 1.80 ms and pulse frequency 60 Hz. The microstructure of weld metal was investigated. Results show that the fusion zone is austenitic dendrite, the weld center is equiaxed grain, while the transition zone between fusion zone and weld center is mixed crystal with austenitic dendrite and equiaxed grain. The weld layered phenomenon was observed, and eddy caused by keyhole effect is the main reason for the formation of layered structure in molten pool.

Failure in Fuel Injector Nozzles Used in Diesel Engines

This paper aims to conduct a study of the problems associated with the wear of the needles and fuel injection nozzles utilized in diesel engines. The wear found on the needles is mainly associated to impurities in the fuel oil and microcavitation occurred due to high pressure in the phase of the air compression for combustion of the combustible fluid. These pressures associated with the temperature and the fluid velocity results in the occurrence of vaporization, which releases shock waves that cause damage to the affected surface. The impurities solid particles from the fuel oil cause problems inside the nozzles as obstruction of the holes and wear on the needle tip and nozzle seat surface. These failures affect in the atomization of the fuel, since the deterioration of the internal passages of the nozzles interferes in the spray formation and in the end passage of the fluid. For the execution of this study it will be used digital microscopic analysis in specimens that suffered damage, in order to investigate the effects of fuel property, and the temperature conditions and pressure in the formation of the wear on the needles and injector nozzle.

Fault Detection of Fuel Injectors Based on One-Class Classifiers

Fuel injectors are considered as an important component of combustion engines. Operational weakness can possibly lead to the complete machine malfunction, decreasing reliability and leading to loss of production. To overcome these circumstances, various condition monitoring techniques can be applied. The application of acoustic signals is common in the field of fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Advanced signal processing is utilized for the construction of features that are specialized in detecting fuel injector faults. A performance comparison between novelty detection algorithms in the form of one-class classifiers is presented. The one-class classifiers that were tested included One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) and One-Class Self Organizing Map (OCSOM). The acoustic signals of fuel injectors in different operational conditions were processed for feature extraction. Features from all the signals were used as input to the one-class classifiers. The one-class classifiers were trained only with healthy fuel injector conditions and compared with new experimental data which belonged to different operational conditions that were not included in the training set so as to contribute to generalization. The results present the effectiveness of one-class classifiers for detecting faults in fuel injectors.

Visualization Experiment and Numerical Analysis of Cavitation Flow Characteristics in Diesel Fuel Injector Control Valve with Different Structure Design

Increasing the injection pressure has been proven an effective method to enhance performance and reduce pollutant of diesel engine.With the increase of the injection pressure,the cavitation damage problem inside common rail fuel injector is more significant,which has direct influences on reliability of diesel engine.While the most studies so far have focused on cavitation occurred in injector nozzle and its atomization characteristics,few researchers studied the cavitation phenomenon in fuel injector control valve.But due to the complexity of flow field and difficulty of experiment,the cavitation in control valve could not be fully described by existing theories.In this paper,the two-dimensional visualization experiment and numerical simulation of control valve was implemented to acquire the image of cavitation intuitively and validate the simulation method and model.Then a new structure design of control valve named convergent model was presented for comparison.The origin model and convergent model with different valve lifts were simulated in three dimensions.The results showed that the sheet cavitation occurred at the surface of seal cone and steel ball then turned to cloud cavitation in downstream area.The intensity of cavitation increased with the increase of valve lift.Convergent model could efficiently reduce the cavitation intensity near the seal area.This research could provide references for engineering optimization design of control valve.

Experimental study of a heavy fuel oil atomization by pressure-swirl injector in the application of entrained flow gasifier

The available SMD(Sauter mean diameter) correlations on pressure-swirl injectors predict droplet sizing very different from each other, especially for heavy fuels. Also there was a lack in the literature for comparing available correlations. So an experimental study was conducted on a heavy fuel oil(HFO) spray, Mazut 380. A pressure swirl injector was designed and fabricated. The experiments for Mazut at 40℃ and 80℃ were compared with the results for water, including spray half cone angle, breakup length and mean droplet diameter,at different injection pressures. Lower spray angle, higher breakup length and larger droplets were observed for lower injection pressures and higher liquid viscosity. SMD was about 75 μm for water and about 87 μm for Mazut at 80℃. The results for droplet mean diameter were also compared with correlations from previous studies on pressure swirl atomizers. The SMD results show that for water spray, LISA method was in good agreement,also Babu and Ballester correlations were successful when high viscosity fluid was injected.

Thermal Modeling of a Novel Heated Tip Injector for Otto Cycle Engines Powered by Ethanol

This work presents a thermal modeling of a new cold-start system technology designed for Otto cycle combustion based on the electromagnetic heating principle. Firstly, the paper presents a state-of-the-art review and presents the context of automobile industry where heated injectors are necessary. The novel method of electromagnetic heating principle to solve the cold-start problem is still in the development phase and it enables engine starting at low temperatures in vehicles powered by ethanol or flex-fuel vehicles (FFV). This new system technology should be available as an alternative to replace the existing system. Currently, the cold-start system uses an auxiliary gasoline tank, which brings some inconvenience for the user. Secondly, the aim was also to create a physical model that takes into consideration all the parameters involved on the heating process such as power heating and average heat transfer coefficient. The study is based on the lumped system theory to model the ethanol heating process. From the analysis, two ordinary differential equations arise, which allowed an analytical solution. Particularly, an ethanol heating curve inside the injector was obtained, an important parameter in the process. Comparison with experimental data from other authors is also provided. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of controlling parameters such as heating power and heat transfer coefficient variation. The paper is concluded with suggestions for further studies.

The Possibility of Active Attitude Control for Fuel Spray

The internal combustion engine (ICE) is an attractive power source for automobiles, with its superior storability, transportability, and suppliability of liquid fuel with high energy density. Compact ICEs with high performance and a low environmental load are greatly needed. In the future, smart active control of combustion by means of fuel spray injection must be considered as a breakthrough technology to address serious issues related to conventional ICEs, such as emissions. A designed fuel injection rate and spray pattern during the injection period have been technically developed, and combustion can be partially controlled in the conventional ICE. However, spatial fuel distribution is not progressing as desired in the field of combustion;thus, new and effective active control technologies for fuel spray are very necessary for the smart control of combustion. Cavitation, flash boiling, spray-to-spray interaction, spray-to-wall interaction, and air flow have potential as a basis for active attitude control of fuel spray. This article uses evidence from the literature to discuss the possibility of active spray attitude control for future fuel spray combustion technology in a smart compact ICE.

基于三维建模的喷油器流量系数在线测试

该文提出一种柴油机喷油器喷嘴流量系数在线测量方法。通过实验探究了燃油系统内部压力波的演化及传递过程并基于实验数据验证了算法的准确性;基于黎曼不变量理论将燃油系统内部复杂的压力变化过程简化为黎曼波的演化及传递过程,并建立了喷油过程中喷油器入口压力与流量系数的数学关系;根据燃油系统结构提出了一种基于喷油器入口压力信号的黎曼波解耦方法,提高了算法的使用范围。该文搭建了流量系数测量平台,通过实验验证了所提出方法有较高精度。

柴油-天然气双燃料喷射器燃料喷射特性的测试方法

针对双燃料喷射器结构复杂而无法实现喷射特性同时测量的问题,以同心双轴针式喷射器为研究对象,提出一种油和气同场测量方法,用动量法获取喷油规律及喷气规律型线,再通过测试密闭容腔内的压力变化计算喷气量,将二者结合可在测量喷气量的同时测量出精确喷气规律,最后对柴油-天然气双燃料喷射器的常用工况进行测试及验证。结果表明,采用动量法结合容积法的喷气规律测量方法得出的喷气量误差不超过5%。对喷射器的一致性进行验证,喷油量与喷气量的波动率均不超过3%,证明其喷射器一致性较好,该测试技术具有较高的准确度与可信度。

基于堆叠稀疏自编码器的多缸喷油器堵塞定位算法

燃油喷射系统的工作质量直接影响柴油机工作过程及性能,针对多缸机不同喷油器发生堵塞故障且故障程度不一时,传统故障诊断方法难以精准定位故障喷油器的问题,提出一种基于堆叠稀疏自编码器(Stacked Sparse Autoencoder,SSAE)的故障定位算法。通过SSAE提取不同喷油器发生堵塞故障时轨压信号的深层特征,以softmax网络实现故障部件定位。以一维轨压信号为输入,故障喷油器定位为输出,并研究算法超参数对算法精度的影响。研究结果表明,此算法能精准定位发生堵塞故障的喷油器,且精度不受堵塞程度的影响,故障诊断正确率可达96.7%。

基于网格搜索和投票分类模型的喷油器故障诊断研究

为了提高高压共轨试验台对喷油器检修效率,提出一种基于网格搜索和投票分类模型的喷油器故障自动诊断方法。由于压电喷油器故障数据采集困难,使用AMESim软件模拟不同轨压和脉宽状态下压电喷油器可能出现的多种故障情况。随后,将采集到的1 760组数据使用由随机森林、支持向量机和GBM组成的投票分类模型进行训练,并使用网格搜索法优化各分类器的超参数。实验结果表明:该模型对压电喷油器的5种故障状态及正常状态诊断时的准确率、精确率、召回率和F1-score分别为98.86%、99.13%、98.56%、98.83%,表现出较高的准确性和稳定性。该方法能够快速高效地对喷油器故障情况进行定位。

基于PISO算法的汽车喷油器优化仿真研究

通过三维数值模拟软件Converge结合PISO算法,针对重型直喷柴油机,研究喷油器的不同孔径、孔深和喷油倾角对发动机燃烧和排放性能的影响,得到柴油发动机最佳热效率的喷油器参数设置方案。结果表明:相较于喷孔深度和喷孔倾角,喷孔直径的改变对发动机热效率的影响更大,且可有效改善发动机的NO_(x)和碳烟排放。当喷孔直径为0.179 mm、0.219 mm及0.259 mm时,分别能实现1.4%、3.4%、和2.8%的增幅,热效率提升较为显著。

迈腾B8高压喷油器常见故障诊断

迈腾B8不仅在中国中级车辆的销售市场占有率较高,还是全国汽车技术技能竞赛的主选车型之一。在各类汽车故障中,高压喷油器是故障高发区域之一,对于高压喷油器常见故障及时进行精准诊断,是把握故障原因,做好有效处理的关键。本文主要结合燃油控制电路,对迈腾B8发动机喷油器的喷油过程进行分析,最后以案例的形式,讲解其高压喷油器常见故障的分析诊断过程,最后对于高压喷油器的故障诊断提供几点有效方法参考。通过理论联系案例分析,为更好的把握迈腾B8高压喷油器故障问题提供指导,为高压喷油器的故障诊断和处理提供一些思路和借鉴。

回油背压对高压共轨喷油器喷油特性影响的研究

高压共轨喷油器是柴油机高压共轨电控系统中最重要的一个部件,其喷油特性(如喷油器量)的优劣将直接影响发动机的性能表现。喷油器的喷射特性不仅受到喷油器的结构参数的影响,同时在喷射过程中还受到外界工作环境的影响,比如喷油器喷射时发动机缸内的背压,以及喷油器工作时的回油通道中的背压。本文主要对某高压共轨喷油器进行台架试验测试,研究喷油器回油背压对喷油特性的影响,并分析产生影响的原因,为开发新型的燃油喷射系统提供试验数据。

某船用发电辅机性能优化

为降低某船用发电辅机常用工况油耗,采用仿真分析确定最佳配气相位、压缩比、柱塞速度;通过负荷特性试验及正交试验,确定最佳喷油器方案;通过热怠速试验选择合适的机油泵、海水泵;通过台架负荷特性试验对比发电辅机优化前、后的油耗。结果表明:该发电辅机优化后,进气关闭角对应的曲轴转角为565°,排气开启角对应的曲轴转角为135°,压缩比为15.5,最高柱塞速度提高至2.54 m/s,选用喷孔直径为0.32 mm、喷孔锥角为158°的喷油器,机油泵、海水泵体积流量分别降低10、15 m^(3)/h,辅机常用工况区油耗比原机下降4~5 g/(kW·h),达到降低油耗的目的。

基于SSA-VMD和ITFPF的喷油器信号去噪方法

由于柴油机工作环境复杂多变,喷油器信号中包含较多噪声,导致诊断率低。为降低噪声的影响,提高故障诊断率,提出一种麻雀算法优化变分模态分解(SSA-VMD)和改进时频峰值滤波(ITFPF)结合的信号去噪方法。针对VMD受分解参数制约的问题,以能量分解因子为目标函数,通过SSA自适应地将信号分解成一系列IMF,以解决参数设置不当导致的模态混叠问题。TFPF的窗长选择不当会影响其滤波效果,由于排列熵能够度量非平稳信号的复杂度,以排列熵为适应度函数寻到最优窗长,使ITFPF兼顾信号保真和噪声压制。仿真和试验结果表明:SSA-VMD和ITFPF结合的方法降噪效果优于其他方法,并使故障识别率相比未优化VMD提高了10.13%。

喷油器安装角对156FMI发动机缸内直喷燃烧过程的影响

以156FMI摩托车发动机为原型,针对其进气道喷射改为缸内直喷时喷油点位置的确定问题展开研究,考察喷油器安装角对缸内直喷燃烧过程的影响。基于四方程湍流模型、Enable扩散模型、walljet碰壁模型、Dukowicz蒸发模型和KHR破碎模型以及ECFM燃烧模型模拟156FMI摩托车发动机缸内直喷燃烧过程,并充分考虑此发动机缸盖空间位置的限制,将喷油器安装在相对气缸盖原火花塞对称位置,研究喷油器安装角对缸内平均压力、温度、瞬时放热率及压力升高率等的影响。结果表明:循环喷油量10 mg、转速3 600 r/min及当量比为1的工况下,θ为55°时,相较于35°峰值压力增大了19.85%,峰值相位提前了2.5°CA,温度峰值升高了14.89%。θ从40°增大到55°时气缸内的压力、温度、瞬时放热率和累积放热量峰值都不同程度地出现了上升,峰值对应的相位角也出现了不同程度的提前,缩短了着火落后期,使气缸内的混合气燃烧速率加快。当θ为55°时,火焰传播速率最快,气缸内的热功转换效率最高,其在燃烧性能方面较好。研究结果为156FMI摩托车发动机缸内直喷技术的应用提供了理论指导和参考。

关于某喷油器CVO控制精度的研究

发动机喷油器是喷油系统的重要部件,对发动机的性能有很大的影响。文章结合对某发动机喷油器CVO自学习的失效案例,对喷油器CVO自学习、产生机理、常见问题改进措施进行详细的总结,希望对喷油器类高频高精密零件的控制软硬件匹配设计改进提供帮助。

汽车燃油喷射系统中喷油嘴堵塞故障的诊断与修复方法研究

随着汽车行业的快速发展,燃油喷射技术已成为提高燃油效率和减少污染物排放的重要技术之一。喷油嘴为燃油喷射系统的关键部件。它的性能直接影响发动机的工作效率和排放标准。然而,喷油嘴易堵塞,影响整个汽车的性能。因此,探讨喷油嘴堵塞的诊断技术与修复方法,利用多种传感器技术检测和诊断喷油嘴的性能,采用化学方法和机械方法对堵塞喷油嘴进行修复,并通过实验与模拟分析,提出有效的解决策略。研究结果表明,所提的诊断和修复方法能显著提高喷油嘴的工作效率和可靠性。