Influencing factors and solution strategies of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy(CAR–T)cell immunotherapy

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cesll therapy(CAR–T)has achieved groundbreaking advancements in clinical application,ushering in a new era for innovative cancer treatment.However,the challenges associated with implementing this novel targeted cell therapy are increasingly significant.Particularly in the clinical management of solid tumors,obstacles such as the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment,limited local tumor infiltration capability of CAR–T cells,heterogeneity of tumor targeting antigens,uncertainties surrounding CAR–T quality,control,and clinical adverse reactions have contributed to increased drug resistance and decreased compliance in tumor therapy.These factors have significantly impeded the widespread adoption and utilization of this therapeutic approach.In this paper,we comprehensively analyze recent preclinical and clinical reports on CAR–T therapy while summarizing crucial factors influencing its efficacy.Furthermore,we aim to identify existing solution strategies and explore their current research status.Through this review article,our objective is to broaden perspectives for further exploration into CAR–T therapy strategies and their clinical applications.

The Problems and Solutions of Enterprise Financial Management in the Perspective of Digital Economy

From the perspective of the digital economy,enterprise financial management is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities.Traditional financial management models are no longer suited to current development needs.Fine-tuning financial management is essential to support the modernization of enterprises,guard against operational risks,and promote coordination across the entire value chain for greater economic efficiency.With the help of digital technology,data-driven,highly interconnected,and intelligent decision-making processes are becoming more prominent,profoundly transforming the operational and financial management models of enterprises.This enables financial management to keep pace with modern developments.In light of this,the paper explores the connotations and mechanisms of the digital economy and enterprise financial management,clarifies relevant conceptual characteristics,and identifies problems in financial management under the digital economy.It also offers strategies for optimization and problem-solving,with the aim of providing valuable insights for educators and practitioners.

Solution of Chemical Dynamic Optimization Using the Simultaneous Strategies

An approach of simultaneous strategies with two novel techniques is proposed to improve the solution accuracy of chemical dynamic optimization problems. The first technique is to handle constraints on control vari- ables based on the finite-element collocation so as to control the approximation error for discrete optimal problems, where a set of control constraints at dement knots are integrated with the procedure for optimization leading to a significant gain in the accuracy of the simultaneous strategies. The second technique is to make the mesh refine- ment more feasible and reliable by introducing length constraints and guideline in designing appropriate element length boundaries, so that the proposed approach becomes more efficient in adjusting dements to track optimal control profile breakpoints and ensure accurate state and centrol profiles. Four classic benchmarks of dynamic op- timization problems are used as illustrations, and the proposed approach is compared with literature reports. The research results reveal that the proposed approach is preferz,ble in improving the solution accuracy of chemical dy- namic optimization problem.

Characteristic equation solution strategy for deriving fundamental analytical solutions of 3D isotropic elasticity

A simple characteristic equation solution strategy for deriving the fun- damental analytical solutions of 3D isotropic elasticity is proposed. By calculating the determinant of the differential operator matrix obtained from the governing equations of 3D elasticity, the characteristic equation which the characteristic general solution vectors must satisfy is established. Then, by substitution of the characteristic general solution vectors, which satisfy various reduced characteristic equations, into various reduced ad- joint matrices of the differential operator matrix, the corresponding fundamental analyt- ical solutions for isotropic 3D elasticity, including Boussinesq-Galerkin （B-G） solutions, modified Papkovich-Neuber solutions proposed by Min-zhong WANG （P-N-W）, and quasi HU Hai-chang solutions, can be obtained. Furthermore, the independence characters of various fundamental solutions in polynomial form are also discussed in detail. These works provide a basis for constructing complete and independent analytical trial func- tions used in numerical methods.

Fabrication of Cu_2O@Cu_2O core-shell nanoparticles and conversion to Cu_2O@Cu core-shell nanoparticles in solution

Cu2O@Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by using solution phase strategy. It was found that Cu2O@Cu2O NPs were easily converted to Cu2O@Cu NPs with the help of polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP) and excessive ascorbic acid (AA) in air at room temperature, which was an interesting phenomenon. The features of the two kinds of NPs were characterized by XRD, TEM and extinction spectra. Cu2O@Cu NPs with different shell thicknesses showed wide tunable optical properties for the localized surface plasmon (LSP) in metallic Cu. But Cu2O@Cu2O NPs did not indicate this feature. FTIR results reveal that Cu+ ions on the surface of Cu2O shell coordinate with N and O atoms in PVP and are further reduced to metallic Cu by excessive AA and then form a nucleation site on the surface of Cu2O nanocrystalline. PVP binds onto different sites to proceed with the reduction utill all the Cu sources in Cu2O shell are completely assumed.

Exact Solutions of VNE: A Survey

Network virtualization is an enabling technology of running multiple virtual networks on a shared substrate network. It aims to deal with the ossification of current network architecture. As a crucial component of network virtualization, virtual network embedding(VNE) can efficiently and effectively allocates the substrate resource to proposed virtual network requests. According to the optimization strategy, VNE approaches can be classified into three categories: exact, heuristic and meta-heuristic solution. The VNE exact solution is the foundation of its corresponding heuristic and meta-heuristic solutions. This paper presents a survey of existing typical VNE exact solutions, and open problems for the future research of VNE exact solutions are proposed.

A novel fixed-combination timolol-netarsudillatanoprost ophthalmic solution for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension

Currently commercial fixed-concomitant three agents have multiple problems such as multiple dosing administration,poor efficacy and side effects.Once-daily fixed-combination timolol-netarsudil-latanoprost ophthalmic solution(FC-TNL)has the ability to treat glaucoma by lowering the intraocular pressure(IOP)with great efficacy and improving patient compliance.However,the commercialized netarsudil dimesylate precipitated when the p H of the solution was above 5.4,or when maleic acid,the salt of commercial timolol maleate,was mixed with netarsudil dimesylate.Consequently,the homologous salt engineering strategy was used to make netarsudil dimesylate soluble in p H 4.8–5.2 solution by synthesizing timolol mesylate.Next,the morphology of timolol mesylate was observed by scanning electron microscopy,differential scanning calorimetry,thermogravimetric analysis,and powder X-ray diffraction.The prepared FC-TNL showed good stability during refrigeration storage.Additionally,FC-TNL exerted no influence on the intraocular penetration of each active compounds in the pharmacokinetic study.Importantly,oncedaily FC-TNL exerted potent IOP-lowering effect and protective effect on retinal ganglion cells.The FC-TNL was stable,safe and effective,being a promising glaucoma therapeutic.

Misuse of Teaching Gesture from the Perspective of Multi-modal Discourse Analysis and Its Solutions

Based on the teaching video of middle school English teachers, through observation and analysis, it puts forward the problem of less use, wrong use and abuse in the use of teachers' teaching gestures in middle school English teaching. And then it puts forward corresponding solutions from three aspects: concept, theory and practice. Hoping to provide further reference to the complementary role of teaching gesture and teaching discourse.

模块化教学改革的专业人才培养方案开发:现实状况、主要问题和破解策略

模块化教学改革是国家近年来职业教育相关政策的持续导向,也是学校提升教育教学质量的需要。模块化教学既是一种课程观,也是一种教学观,是一项牵一发而动全身的系统工程,最理想的解决方案是从专业人才培养方案做好源头整体设计。基于模块化教学改革的视角,综合分析当前产业结构转型和专业绿色化改造、技能型社会建设和落实国家标准体系、教育数字化转型等现实情境下,专业人才培养方案开发过程中面临的理念、开发路径、模块构建、实施保障、质量评价等主要问题,提出遵循标准、系统调研、分析模块功能、深化产教融合、重构数智评价体系等相关策略。

领导者引导与支配解进化的多目标矮猫鼬算法

面对现实中日益复杂的多目标优化问题,需要发展新型多目标优化算法应对挑战。提出一种基于领导者引导与支配解动态缩减进化的多目标矮猫鼬优化算法(MODMO)。领导者引导机制通过引入动态权衡因子以调控侦察猫鼬探寻土丘的搜索半径,同时以非劣解集构建外部存档并根据非支配排序层级确定出领导者,进而引导侦察猫鼬向多目标前沿面推进以改善算法的收敛性;支配解动态缩减进化策略是为克服非劣解外部存档维护过程中的解冗余问题而构建,其以支配关系和拥挤距离动态筛选支配解并存入外部存档,以支配解信息融入种群进化实现多目标潜在前沿的挖掘并增强算法的多样性。在ZDT、DTLZ与WFG基准函数上,与5种代表性比较算法的实验结果表明MODMO算法在收敛性与多样性上均具有显著优势。

公众基因本质论:成因、表现与解决策略

基因本质论是一种对遗传过程过度简单化的认知倾向,其在一定程度上左右了公众在医疗、饮食等方面的抉择。公众基因本质论脱胎于心理本质论,其发生扩散过程中,现代遗传学的精深化、公众科学素养的欠缺以及大众媒体不严谨的表述习惯都起到了推波助澜的作用。表型的固定性、病因的特定性、群体的同质性或离散性、伦理的自然性是公众基因本质论的四种表现形式,它们会导致公众对基因研究及相关技术产生排斥恐惧或过度追捧的两种极端心理,也容易强化群体歧视等社会问题及出身论等封建思想。当前,加强科技科普工作协同发展,针对遗传学内容进行教育干预,提高大众媒体发声的真实性和准确性,提升公众科学素养、基因组学素养及媒介素养,是减少公众基因本质论倾向的有效途径。

Photoshop软件在陶瓷花纸设计中的运用研究

笔者探讨了Photoshop在陶瓷花纸设计中的应用及相关挑战,并提出了解决策略。Photoshop作为图像处理工具,在陶瓷花纸设计中的图像编辑、修复、色彩管理、图案和纹理设计以及设计稿制作方面具有广泛的应用。然而,设计师面临技术要求、数据格式兼容性、艺术与工艺的平衡和知识产权保护等挑战。为解决这些挑战,建议进行高级技术培训、数据格式标准化、加强合作与沟通、艺术与工艺的协调、知识产权保护和持续创新。这些策略有助于提高陶瓷花纸设计的质量和效率,推动该领域的发展。

当前医学大学生就业形势分析与对策

随着医疗科技的持续进步和公众对健康议题的日益关注,医学专业已成为许多学子与家长所青睐的选择。然而,在当前情况下,医学类毕业生的就业形势正面临多重挑战。本文将分析这些挑战,并提出相应的解决策略。

多策略混合的花朵授粉算法

针对花朵授粉算法(FPA)在解决高维度问题时存在收敛速度慢和收敛精度低的问题,本文提出一种混合了多种策略的花朵授粉算法(MFPA).该算法通过使用自适应控制因子来动态地切换全局与局部搜索策略的使用;为了提高收敛速度和维持花粉种群多样性,提出一种基于多方信息的全局搜索策略;为了能探索到更充分的解空间,提出一种局部搜索策略;为提高算法的搜索解空间能力,引入特征选择策略降低问题复杂度.基于多种类型测试函数开展模拟实验,与多种优秀算法进行算法性能对比分析,实验结论:MFPA算法在收敛速度与精度方面有着更好的表现,适用于求解大规模复杂优化问题.

骨骼肌中卫星细胞衰老生物学机制及潜在的应对策略

背景:卫星细胞是一种肌源性干细胞,位于肌纤维膜与基底膜之间,但尚未有综述完全揭示卫星细胞衰老机制及其潜在应对策略,这对于当前减缓骨骼肌老化的策略应用难以起到有效的指导效果。目的:综述骨骼肌中卫星细胞衰老的机制及其相关减缓其衰老的应对策略。方法:检索各数据库时间截至2023年5月,包括Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方和维普数据库。英文检索词:“Skeletal muscle,satellite cells,aging,mechanism,solution strategye”;中文检索词:“骨骼肌,卫星细胞,衰老,老化,机制,应对策略”。经过严格按照纳入和排除标准进行筛选,最终纳入78篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①卫星细胞位于肌纤维膜与基底膜之间,具有增殖和分化潜能,通常处于静息状态,但在肌肉组织受刺激时会被激活并参与修复和恢复正常组织结构的过程,衰老会导致卫星细胞数量减少,并引发肌力和耐力的下降等症状。②卫星细胞衰老的机制主要涉及再生能力下降、串扰能力随生态位变化、年龄依赖性损失和异质性变化,衰老的卫星细胞数量减少以及活性降低会导致肌肉再生速度变慢和损伤恢复时间增加,且在分化过程中可能出现错误,从而导致肌肉质量下降和功能退化。③针对卫星细胞衰老的应对策略主要包括调节体内卫星细胞的受体环境、外源手段干预促进卫星细胞再生、人体肌肉模型构建和运动和饮食干预诱导卫星细胞增殖等,这些策略具有一定的潜力,可以为卫星细胞的再生和治疗骨骼肌疾病提供新的思路和方法。④未来的研究建议深入探究卫星细胞衰老机制,探究卫星细胞与生态位之间的相互作用,研究卫星细胞与免疫系统和线粒体功能等因素的关系,开发应用人体肌肉模型来提高研究深度和准确性。

柔性网架结构下考虑双边交易的多微网与配网协同规划

高比例风光接入下,多微网与配网间的双边交易对配电网的调控能力提出了更高要求。考虑柔性配电装置快速灵活调节网络潮流的优点,提出一种柔性网架结构下考虑多微网与配网双边交易的协同规划方法。首先,在考虑智能软开关规划的基础上构建协同规划的广义纳什议价模型。其次,采用交替优化策略将议价模型转化为易于求解的双层迭代过程,上层各主体各自优化规划方案,下层完成双边交易的结算问题。然后,将下层问题等效转化为电量结算和费用结算两个子问题,并分别采用交替方向乘子法求解。最后,在IEEE33节点配电系统中的算例表明所提规划方法可有效缩减社会总成本和各主体年综合费用。

学校教育数字化转型:认知误区、潜在挑战与求解策略

教育数字化转型是通过数字技术驱动教育生态变革,从而发挥育人效果的过程。澄清教育数字化转型内涵的“技术”误区,教育与数字技术关系的“和谐”误区,人与数字技术关系的“价值”误区,可以发现教育数字化转型本质上遵循了“取决于人,用之于人”的数据伦理。学校在教育数字化转型中面临校园围墙消弭,学校边界持续重建;课程模式颠覆,教学实践面临重组;教师角色转换,专业能力有待重构;学生能力弱化,学习生态亟需重塑等困境。学校需要通过完善数字基础设施,构建多元数字平台,加强教师系统培训,健全管理保障机制四种方式来全力打造智能校园,全面革新教学空间,全程提升教师素养,全速创建学习生态。

铁路工程长距离带状GNSS控制网高精度解算

铁路工程控制网三网合一,采用GNSS卫星导航定位基准站(CORS)方式建网是发展的趋势,但其长距离、带状布设的控制网要确保高精度且连续均匀,具有一定的难度。针对长距离带状控制网的特点,分析影响GNSS控制网解算的影响因素,引入IGS站点坐标的松弛约束,筛选出优化解算策略:融合多星座卫星观测数据,基于电离层约束模型求解宽巷模糊度,当控制网的基线长度小于100 km时,对流层延迟采用站间差分改正、电离层延迟采用差分或模型改正,并结合环境条件顾及其他负荷改正。实际铁路工程带状控制网解算测试表明,优化策略控制网处理精度相较于常规策略在Y和Z方向上提升2~5 mm。通过对复杂地形环境下长距离带状控制网的解算质量分析,进一步表明该策略可优化铁路工程长距离带状控制网高精度解算性能。

基于价格机制的微网群三层主体交易策略

为更好地研究微网群多利益相关者的交易行为并为当地能源市场提供指导,该研究提出一种分布式求解方法,用以求解微网群三层主体间复杂的交易策略。该研究建立由配电网、微网群运营商、微网群及用户组成的优化模型,包括微网群运营商与各微网的供需互动模型和微网与用户的主从博弈模型,并采用分布式方法求解三层主体间的优化均衡策略。结果表明该方法既可实现微网群运营商最大的社会福利,也可提升微网及用户的经济效益,最终实现整个微网群能源互济、协作共赢。