Chlorofullerene C_(60)Cl_(6) Enables Efficient and Stable Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Tin-based perovskite solar cells(TPSCs)have received great attention due to their eco-friendly properties and high theoretical efficiencies.However,the fast crystallization feature of tin-based perovskites leads to poor film quality and limits the corresponding device performance.Herein,a chlorofullerene,C_(60)Cl_(6),with six chlorine attached to the C_(60)cage,is applied to modulate the crystallization process and passivate grain boundary defects of the perovskite film.The chemical interactions between C_(60)Cl_(6)and perovskite components retard the transforming process of precursors to perovskite crystals and obtain a high-quality tin-based perovskite film.It is also revealed that the C_(60)Cl_(6)located at the surfaces and grain boundaries can not only passivate the defects but also offer a role in suturing grain boundaries to suppress the detrimental effects of water and oxygen on perovskite films,especially the oxidation of Sn^(2+)to Sn^(4+).As a result,the C_(60)Cl_(6)-based device yields a remarkably improved device efficiency from 10.03%to 13.30%with enhanced stability.This work provides a new strategy to regulate the film quality and stability of TPSCs using functional fullerene materials.

亚甲基[6,6]—富勒（fullerene）[60]单羧酸的合成研究

亚甲基[6,6]-fullerene[60]单羧酸是一个具有化学反应活性的fillerene[60]衍生物,可以用它合成得到一些新的具有潜在生化应用价值的水溶性fillerene[60]衍生物.本文详细报道了常规量合成亚甲基[6,6]-fullerene[60]单羧酸的技术.

C_(60)(Fullerene)及其卤化衍生物在阴离子聚合中的研究

综述了近年来C60 及其卤化衍生物在阴离子聚合中的研究进展。在阴离子聚合中 ,C60 可以直接参与反应而进入主链 ,形成超枝化结构 ;C60 可作为阴离子聚合的偶联剂 ,形成星形和线形结构 ;C60 阴离子可以引发阴离子聚合。介绍了偶联产物结构控制的方法 ,以及偶联产物的稳定性。氯化富勒烯也可以作为阴离子聚合的偶联剂 ,生成星形结构聚合物。

合成Fullerene C_(60)的新方法

C60(Backminsterfullerene)是一种巨型分子组成的纯碳物质.1985年,H.W.Kroto等采用激光辐射蒸发石墨制备出稳定的C60原子簇,提出它是切角多面体的结构.1990年,R.Huffman等合成并分离出稳定的C60和C70簇合物,开辟了球化学的崭新领域。目前,本领域尝试研制一系列的衍生物,并用于轻型高效电池、电子计算机蕊片、燃料、太空火箭推进剂、超级润滑剂和癌症治疗等方面,开辟了C60的广泛的应用前景.

Fullerene[60]功能材料的潜在应用前景

Fullerene犤60犦多氢化物可望在储氢材料方面获得应用前景,C60H36催化分解可望放出氢气。Fullerene犤60犦的多硝基化合物可望作为含能材料的添加剂。这方面的研究是Fullerene化学的一个新进展。

C_(60)的发现和Fullerene化学——1996年诺贝尔化学奖简介

本文简单介绍了１９９６诺贝尔化学奖获得者。

Fullerenes制备中C_(60)和C_(70)含量不同的热力学解释

本文计算了不同温度下气相反应7/6 C_(60)=C_(70)的热力学函数,讨论了C_(60)与C_(70)之间相互转化的热力学条件.结果表明,温度高于2828K时气相中C_(60)比C_(70)稳定,温度低于2828K时气相中C_(70)比C_(60)稳定,解释了由石墨制备Fullerenes时,C_(60)和C_(70)

亚甲基[6,6]-Fullerene[C_(60)]单羧酸衍生物的合成

以溴乙酸乙酯、硫醚和Fullerene[60]为原料合成Fullerene[60]羧酸乙酯,再经水解、酸化得到亚甲基[6,6]-Fullerene[C60]单羧酸,并进一步反应得其酰胺。这些新化合物的结构经IR和1HNMR确证。

Fullerene C_(60)研究进展

简单介绍Fulerene C_(60)的研究史和研究现状,详细介绍Fullerene的主要物性及应用前景。

Determination of Fullerenes (C60/C70) from the Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Meishan Section of South China

Fullerenes (C 60 /C 70 ), clays and rocks near the Permian-Triassic (P/T) boundary in the Meishan section of South China are explored by means of comprehensive analytical techniques, including ultrasonic extraction with column purification, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of- flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). The study confirms the existence of fullerenes toward the P/T event boundary and their absence in clays and limestones beyond the boundary. In particular, the white clay, known as the event boundary, contains fullerenes of 0.33 ppb, while the red material, as the first lamina fill of goethite and gypsum on the base of the white clay, contains fullerenes of 1.23 ppb, and the last lamina of 2.50 ppb. Significantly, distinct enrichment of fullerenes is coincident with the disappearance of fossil records of marine species (94%) just at the base of the white clay, implying that geological fullerenes would be one of temporal remnants led by the P/T catastrophic event. This work strongly supports that fullerenes would be one of significant records of the P/T catastrophic event but their origin remains to be studied further.

Solvent-free Synthesis of Dihydrofuran-fused [60]Fullerene Derivatives by High-speed Vibration Milling

Solvent-free reactions of 1, 3-cyclohexanedione, 5, 5-dimethyl-1, 3-cyclohexanedione, 2, 4-pentanedione and ethyl acetoacetate with C60 in the presence of Mn（OAc）3·2H2O and ceric ammonium nitrate （CAN） under the high-speed vibration milling conditions afforded dihydrofuran-fused C60 derivatives. CAN is the better oxidant than Mn（OAc）3·2H2O in these mechanochemical reactions.

Fullerenes and derivatives as electrocatalysts: Promises and challenges

Carbon-based metal-free nanomaterials are promising alternatives to precious metals as electrocatalysts of key energy storage and conversion technologies.Of paramount significance are the establishment of design principles by understanding the catalytic mechanisms and identifying the active sites.Distinct from sp2-conjugated graphene and carbon nanotube,fullerene possesses unique characteristics that are growingly being discovered and exploited by the electrocatalysis community.For instance,the well-defined atomic and molecular structures,the good electron affinity to tune the electronic structures of other substances,the intermolecular self-assembly into superlattices,and the on-demand chemical modification have endowed fullerene with incomparable advantages as electrocatalysts that are otherwise not applicable to other carbon ma-terials.As increasing studies are being reported on this intriguing topic,it is necessary to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the recent progress.This review takes such an initiative by summarizing the promises and challenges in the electrocatalytic applications of fullerene and its derivatives.The content is structured according to the composition and structure of fullerene,including intact fullerene(e.g.,fullerene composite and superlattices)and fullerene derivatives(e.g.,doped,endohedral,and disintegrated fullerene).The synthesis,characterization,catalytic mechanisms,and deficiencies of these fullerene-based materials are explicitly elaborated.We conclude it by sharing our perspectives on the key aspects that future efforts shall consider.

Evaluation of Transient Absorption Spectra of N, N, N, N- Tetra - ( p -methylphenyl ) - 4, 4- diamino - 1, 1- diphenyl Ether ( TPDAE ) for Electron Transfer from TPDAE to Fullerenes ( C_(60) / C_(70) ) by Laser Flash Photolysis

Photoinduced electron transfer processes between fullerenes (C60 / C70) and N, N, N, N tetra - ( p-methylphenyl ) - 4, 4 diamino - 1, 1- diphenyl ether ( TPDAE ) have been studied by nanosecond laser flash photolysis. Quantum yields and rate constants of electron transfer from TPDAE to excited triplet state of fullerenes (C60 / C70 ) in benzonitrile have been evaluated by observing the transient absorption bands in the near-IR region where the excited triplet state, radical anion of fullerenes ( C60 / C70 ) and radical cations of TPDAE appear.

Synthesis and Characterization of W-doped TiO_2 Supported by Hybrid Carbon Nanomaterials of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and C_(60) Fullerene by a Hydrothermal Method

W-doped TiO2 supported by hybrid carbon nanomaterials of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and C60 fullerene was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The material displayed high visible light photocatalytic activity. X-ray diffraction, field emission transmission electron microscopy, ultra violet/visible light absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the material as photoeatalyst. Photocatalytic activity on the degradation of Rhodamine B dye in an aqueous solution under ultraviolet light and visible light irradiation was also studied. The experimental results indicated that the photocatalytic activity of the material was much higher than that of pure TiO2 or Degussa P25 TiO2.

Addition Reaction of Fe(CO)_n (n = 3～5) on Fullerene C_(50), C_(60), and C_(70): A Density Functional Theory Study

The electronic structure and reactivities of Fe（CO）n （n = 3~5） addition to different fullerenes have been investigated through the first-principles calculations, and the results indicate that Fe（CO）3 and Fe（CO）4 can be adsorbed to the outside network of fullerene via hollow and bridge sites, respectively. Both of them have larger binding energy, but when Fe（CO）5 is adsorbed via the top site, the binding energy is relatively smaller. According to the directional curvature theory, the reactivities of Fe（CO）3 addition to the fullerenes are determined by KM of the ring center, and those of Fe（CO）4 addition by KD of the C–C bond curvature; while for Fe（CO）5, it presents weak reactivities in the addition reaction because of the larger volume effect. No matter whether the addition reaction takes place on the hollow or bridge site, the binding energies show a linear relationship with KD. This work further enriched the directional curvature theory and applied the isolobel analogy theory in the fullerene addition reactions.

Formation of mesophase microbeads from bulk mesophase pitch induced by fullerene

A transformation of naphthalene-based coalescenced mesophase pitch(NMP)to mesophase microbeads was achieved by heating a mixture of NMP and fullerene(C_(60)).This is different from the conventional process of the liquid-phase carbonization of isotropic pitch to the emergence of carbon microbeads in the matrix and finally their growth to form a 100%anisotropic bulk meso-phase,but rather a reverse transformation.The effects of C_(60) loading and reaction temperature on the morphological transformation of mesophase were investigated by polarizing optical and scanning electron microscopies.The physical changes in the NMP induced by C_(60) were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy.The results show that the coalesced NMP can be converted to a spherical type at 300-320℃ with the addition of 5%C_(60),and the size of the mesophase microbeads increases with increasing temperature.Furthermore,a model is established to ex-plain the unique induction effect of C_(60) in the transformation process.This work makes the morphological transformation of MP con-trollable,and provides a new idea for the understanding and research of mesophase pitch.

Doping PCBM with fullerene phosphinate derivatives enhances the interface energy alignment and synergistic passivation capability

Phenyl-C_(61)-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM) serves as a common electron transport layer(ETL) in inverted p-i-n structure perovskite solar cells(IPSCs),yet energy barriers and insufficient passivation at the PCBM-perovskite interface hinder device effectiveness and durability.In this study,we present a series of novel Fullerene Phenylacid Ester Derivatives(FPEDs:FPP,FTPP,FDPP) incorporated into PCBM.Our investigations illustrate that FPEDs effectively act to passivate the perovskite surface by forming robust interactions with uncoordinated Pb^(2+) ions via the phosphine oxide groups present in their molecular structures,thereby enhancing the stability of the devices.Moreover,these additives elevate the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) of ETL,diminish the electron injection barrier,and enhance the efficiency of interlayer electron transport.Incorporating FPEDs enhances ETL coverage on the perovskite layer,reducing leakage current significantly.Notably,Devices with PCBM/FTPP achieved a peak PCE of 23.62% and showed superior stability,maintaining 96,8% of the initial PCE after 500 h,while control devices retained merely 80.7% over the same period.

Preparation of a fullerene[60]‐iron oxide complex for the photo‐fenton degradation of organic contaminants under visible‐light irradiation

Iron oxide（Fe2O3） was doped onto fullerene[60]（C（60）） to form a C（60）‐Fe2O3 composite using an easy and scalable impregnation method. The as‐prepared C（60）‐Fe2O3 samples were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, Raman spec‐troscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the C（60）‐Fe2O3 catalyst was evaluated by examining the degradation of methylene blue（MB）, rhodamine B（RhB）, methyl orange（MO）, and phenol under visible light（λ 420 nm） in the presence of hydrogen per‐oxide. The results showed that the catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic properties over a wide pH range 3.06–10.34. Under optimal conditions, 98.9% discoloration and 71% mineralization of MB were achieved in 80 min. Leaching test results indicated that the leaching of iron from the catalyst was negligible and that the catalyst had a high photocatalytic activity after five reaction cycles. The catalyst was also efficient in the degradation of RhB, MO, and phenol. These findings could be at‐tributed to the synergetic effects of C（60） and Fe2O3. We used active species trapping experiments to determine the main active oxidant in the photocatalytic reaction process and found that hydroxyl radicals played a major role in the entire process.