Muslim Fundamentalism: Psychological Orientations and Counter-Narratives

The current study attempted to formulate a conceptualization of Muslim fundamentalism as well as its counter-narratives as grounded in religious experience of Pakistani Muslims.Open ended interviews were conducted with 133 Pakistani Muslim men and women of prominent local religious affiliations.Analysis revealed a grounded theory model of Muslim fundamentalism highlighting cognitive,and social psychological processes involved.Participants saw their religion as a complete code of conduct and inferred various meanings from completeness of Islam as finalized,closed to inquiry as well as rejecting of other cultures and religious traditions.The major inter-related themes of the model were totalitarianism,closed mindedness,binary thinking,hyper-exotericism,ambiguity intolerance,authoritarianism,punitive approach,violent tendencies,labelling,diversity intolerance and paranoia or threat perceiving attitude.The interplay of these factors is discussed in the light of earlier research on fundamentalism.The research also revealed strong counter narratives to fundamentalist stance which formulated the major themes of esoteric religiosity,open mindedness,pluralism,and Islam and civil society.The study carries implications for religious education of Muslims and their socialization with believers of other religious traditions.

Religious Fundamentalism,Right-Wing Authoritarianism,and the LGBTQ Community

According to the advocacy group Parents,Families,and Friends of Lesbians and Gays(PFLAG),gays and lesbians are victims of hate crimes seven times as often as straight peers.The question becomes what underlying ideology currently exists in American society to perpetuate this behavior?This paper explores the impact of conservatism and religious ideology to anti-gay prejudice in public schools.The paper presents a model of an intergroup program using prevention of harassment,bullying and rejection to gay members of the student body by attempting a change in attitudes regarding gay students.It also provides recommendations for school administrators and teachers for confronting these challenges in public education.

Two-dimensional Parameter Relationships for W UMa-type Systems Revisited

Reviewing the empirical and theoretical parameter relationships between various parameters is a good way to understand more about contact binary systems.In this investigation,two-dimensional(2D)relationships for P–MV(system),P–L1,2,M1,2–L1,2,and q–Lratiowere revisited.The sample used is related to 118 contact binary systems with an orbital period shorter than 0.6 days whose absolute parameters were estimated based on the Gaia Data Release 3 parallax.We reviewed previous studies on 2D relationships and updated six parameter relationships.Therefore,Markov chain Monte Carlo and Machine Learning methods were used,and the outcomes were compared.We selected 22 contact binary systems from eight previous studies for comparison,which had light curve solutions using spectroscopic data.The results show that the systems are in good agreement with the results of this study.

先进压缩空气储能系统的基础研究与应用进展

Decarbonization of the electric power sector is essential for sustainable development.Low-carbon generation technologies,such as solar and wind energy,can replace the CO_(2)-emitting energy sources(coal and natural gas plants).As a sustainable engineering practice,long-duration energy storage technologies must be employed to manage imbalances in the variable renewable energy supply and electricity demand.Compressed air energy storage(CAES)is an effective solution for balancing this mismatch and therefore is suitable for use in future electrical systems to achieve a high penetration of renewable energy generation.This study introduces recent progress in CAES,mainly advanced CAES,which is a clean energy technology that eliminates the use of fossil fuels,compared with two commercial CAES plants at Huntorf and McIntosh which are conventional ones utilizing fossil fuels.Advanced CAES include adiabatic CAES,isothermal CAES,liquid air energy storage,supercritical CAES,underwater CAES,and CAES coupled with other technologies.The principles and configurations of these advanced CAES technologies are briefly discussed and a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art technologies is presented,including theoretical studies,experiments,demonstrations,and applications.The comparison and discussion of these CAES technologies are summarized with a focus on technical maturity,power sizing,storage capacity,operation pressure,round-trip efficiency,efficiency of the components,operation duration,and investment cost.Potential application trends were compiled.This paper presents a comprehensive reference for developing novel CAES systems and makes recommendations for future research and development to facilitate their application in several areas,ranging from fundamentals to applications.

Confirmation of a Sub-Saturn-size Transiting Exoplanet Orbiting a G Dwarf:TOI-1194 b and a Very Low Mass Companion Star: TOI-1251 B from TESS

We report the confirmation of a sub-Saturn-size exoplanet,TOI-1194 b,with a mass of about 0.456+0.055-0.051M_(J),and a very low mass companion star with a mass of about 96.5±1.5 MJ,TOI-1251 B.Exoplanet candidates provided by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)are suitable for further follow-up observations by ground-based telescopes with small and medium apertures.The analysis is performed based on data from several telescopes worldwide,including telescopes in the Sino-German multiband photometric campaign,which aimed at confirming TESS Objects of Interest(TOIs)using ground-based small-aperture and medium-aperture telescopes,especially for long-period targets.TOI-1194 b is confirmed based on the consistent periodic transit depths from the multiband photometric data.We measure an orbital period of 2.310644±0.000001 days,the radius is 0.767+0.045-0.041RJ and the amplitude of the RV curve is 69.4_(-7.3)^(+7.9)m s^(-1).TOI-1251 B is confirmed based on the multiband photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic data,whose orbital period is 5.963054+0.000002-0.000001days,radius is 0.947+0.035-0.033 R_(J) and amplitude of the RV curve is 9849_(-40)^(+42)ms^(-1).

Perception of fundamental science to boost lithium metal anodes toward practical application

As a key material for lithium metal batteries(LMBs),lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials to break the bottleneck of battery energy density and a commonly used active material for reference electrodes.Although lithium anodes are regarded as the holy grail of lithium batteries,decades of exploration have not led to the successful commercialization of LMBs,due mainly to the challenges related to the inherent properties of lithium metal.To pave the way for further investigation,herein,a comprehensive review focusing on the fundamental science of lithium are provided.Firstly,the natures of lithium atoms and their isotopes,lithium clusters and lithium crystals are revisited,especially their structural and energetic properties.Subsequently,the electrochemical properties of lithium metal are reviewed.Numerous important concepts and scientific questions,including the electronic structure of lithium,influence of high pressure and low temperature on the properties of lithium,factors influencing lithium deposition,generation of lithium dendrites,and electrode potential of lithium in different electrolytes,are explained and analyzed in detail.Approaches to improve the performance of lithium anodes and thoughtfulness about the electrode potential in lithium battery research are proposed.

Comparing the Structural Parameters of the Milky Way to Other Spiral Galaxies

The structural parameters of a galaxy can be used to gain insight into its formation and evolution history.In this paper,we strive to compare the Milky Way’s structural parameters to other,primarily edge-on,spiral galaxies in order to determine how our Galaxy measures up to the Local Universe.For our comparison,we use the galaxy structural parameters gathered from a variety of literature sources in the optical and near-infrared wave bands.We compare the scale length,scale height,and disk flatness for both the thin and thick disks,the thick-to-thin disk mass ratio,the bulge-to-total luminosity ratio,and the mean pitch angle of the Milky Way’s spiral arms to those in other galaxies.We conclude that many of the Milky Way’s structural parameters are largely ordinary and typical of spiral galaxies in the Local Universe,though the Galaxy’s thick disk appears to be appreciably thinner and less extended than expected from zoom-in cosmological simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies with a significant contribution of galaxy mergers involving satellite galaxies.

Low Surface Brightness Galaxies from BASS+MzLS with Machine Learning

From ∼5000 deg^(2) of the combination of the Beijing–Arizona Sky Survey and Mayall z-band Legacy Survey which is also the northern sky region of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy Imaging Surveys, we selected a sample of 31,825 candidates of low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) with the mean effective surface brightness 24.2<μ_(eff.g)<28.8 mag arcsec^(−2) and the half-light radius 2.″5 < r_(eff)<20″ based on the released photometric catalog and the machine learning model. The distribution of the LSBGs is bimodal in the g−r color, indicating the two distinct populations of the blue (g−r< 0.60) and red (g−r> 0.60) LSBGs. The blue LSBGs appear spiral, disk or irregular while the red LSBGs are spheroidal or elliptical and spatially clustered. This trend shows that the color has a strong correlation with galaxy morphology for LSBGs. In the spatial distribution, the blue LSBGs are more uniformly distributed while the red ones are highly clustered, indicating that red LSBGs preferentially populate a denser environment than the blue LSBGs. Besides, both populations have a consistent distribution of ellipticity (median ∈∼ 0.3), half-light radius (median r_(eff) ∼ 4″) and Sérsic index (median n=1), implying the dominance of the full sample by the round and disk galaxies. This sample has definitely extended the studies of LSBGs to a regime of lower surface brightness, fainter magnitude and broader other properties than the previously Sloan Digital Sky Survey-based samples.

Period–Luminosity Relationship forδScuti Stars Revisited

The Gaia DR3 parallax approach was used to estimate the absolute parameters of 2375δScuti stars from the ASAS catalog.The selected stars have a variety of observational characteristics,with a higher than 80%probability of beingδScuti stars.We have displayed all the stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram along with theδScuti instability strip,the Zero Age Main Sequence and the Terminal Age Main Sequence.Then,we determined which fundamental and overtone modes each star belongs to using pulsation constant(Q)calculations.In addition,we evaluated the parameters in the Q calculation equation using three machine learning methods,which showed that surface gravity and temperature have the greatest effect on its calculation.The Period-Luminosity(P-L)relationship of theδScuti stars was also revisited.Eventually,using least squares linear regression,we made four linear fits for fundamental and overtone modes and updated their relationships.

BSEC Method for Unveiling Open Clusters and its Application to Gaia DR3:83 New Clusters

Open clusters(OCs) are common in the Milky Way, but most of them remain undiscovered. There are numerous techniques, including some machine-learning algorithms, available for the exploration of OCs. However, each method has its limitations and therefore, different approaches to discovering OCs hold significant values. We develop a comprehensive approach method to automatically explore the data space and identify potential OC candidates with relatively reliable membership determination. This approach combines the techniques of Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise, Gaussian mixture model, and a novel cluster member identification technique, color excess constraint. The new method exhibits efficiency in detecting OCs while ensuring precise determination of cluster memberships. Because the main feature of this technique is to add an extra constraint(EC) for the members of cluster candidates using the homogeneity of color excess,compared to typical blind search codes, it is called Blind Search-Extra Constraint(BSEC) method. It is successfully applied to the Gaia Data Release 3, and 83 new OCs are found, whose color–magnitude diagrams(CMDs) are fitted well to the isochrones. In addition, this study reports 621 new OC candidates with discernible main sequence or red giant branch. It is shown that BSEC technique can discard some false negatives of previous works, which takes about three percentage of known clusters. It shows that as an EC, the color excess(or twocolor) constraint is useful for removing fake cluster member stars from the clusters that are identified from the positions and proper motions of stars, and getting more precise CMDs, when differential reddening of member stars of a cluster is not large(e.g., ΔE(G_(BP)-G_(RP)) < 0.5 mag). It makes the CMDs of 15% clusters clearer(in particular for the region near turnoff) and therefore is helpful for CMD and stellar population studies. Our result suggests that the color excess constraint is more appropriate for clusters with small differential reddening, such as globular clusters or older OCs, and clusters that the distances of member stars cannot be determined accurately.

Study of 26 Galactic Open Clusters with Extended Main-sequence Turnoffs

Recent studies indicate that some Galactic open clusters(OCs)exhibit extended main-sequence turnoff(eMSTO)in their color–magnitude diagrams(CMDs).However,the number of Galactic OCs with eMSTO structures detected so far is limited,and the reasons for their formation are still unclear.This work identifies 26 Galactic OCs with undiscovered eMSTOs and investigates the causes of these features.Stellar population types and fundamental parameters of cluster samples are acquired using CMD fitting methods.Among them,the results of 11 OCs are reliable as the observed CMDs are well-reproduced.We propose the crucial role of stellar binarity and confirm the importance of stellar rotation in reproducing eMSTO morphologies.The results also show that the impact of age spread is important,as it can adequately explain the structure of young OCs and fit the observed CMDs of intermediate-age OCs better.

The Intervention Path of Fundamental Rights under the Scope of International Private Law

In recent years, international private law scholars have argued for the radiating effect of fundamental rights on international private law by introducing constitutional theory. However,there remains a lack of systematic research on how fundamental rights should be integrated into judicial practices concerning foreign-related civil and commercial cases. Throughout the development of international private law, public policy has served as a historical carrier of substantive values for judicial entities and has consistently played a crucial role in value review. In cases of international private law where conflicts arise with the values of fundamental rights, public policy indirectly excludes the legal choice outcomes to safeguard the human rights values inherent in fundamental rights from infringement.However, due to limitations imposed by the degree of connection and relative conditions, traditional paths of public policy have certain constraints and cannot provide comprehensive protection for fundamental rights. Therefore, there is a need for judges to shift their logical paradigms, transcend bilateral choice-of-law models, and introduce a direct intervention path for fundamental rights. This direct intervention path utilizes the logical analysis framework of the protection scope,intervention, and justification of fundamental rights. It can effectively balance conflicting legal interests and maximize the protection of the fundamental rights of the parties involved.

New Approach to Synchronize General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics with Constant “K”-Resulting Dark Matter as a New Fundamental Force Particle

Planck scale plays a vital role in describing fundamental forces. Space time describes strength of fundamental force. In this paper, Einstein’s general relativity equation has been described in terms of contraction and expansion forces of space time. According to this, the space time with Planck diameter is a flat space time. This is the only diameter of space time that can be used as signal transformation in special relativity. This space time diameter defines the fundamental force which belongs to that space time. In quantum mechanics, this space time diameter is only the quantum of space which belongs to that particular fundamental force. Einstein’s general relativity equation and Planck parameters of quantum mechanics have been written in terms of equations containing a constant “K”, thus found a new equation for transformation of general relativity space time in to quantum space time. In this process of synchronization, there is a possibility of a new fundamental force between electromagnetic and gravitational forces with Planck length as its space time diameter. It is proposed that dark matter is that fundamental force carrying particle. By grand unification equation with space-time diameter, we found a coupling constant as per standard model “αs” for that fundamental force is 1.08 × 10-23. Its energy calculated as 113 MeV. A group of experimental scientists reported the energy of dark matter particle as 17 MeV. Thorough review may advance science further.

Frame Length Dependency for Fundamental Frequency Extraction in Noisy Speech

The fundamental frequency plays a significant part in understanding and perceiving the pitch of a sound. The pitch is a fundamental attribute employed in numerous speech-related works. For fundamental frequency extraction, several algorithms have been developed which one to use relies on the signal’s characteristics and the surrounding noise. Thus, the algorithm’s noise resistance becomes more critical than ever for precise fundamental frequency estimation. Nonetheless, numerous state-of-the-art algorithms face struggles in achieving satisfying outcomes when confronted with speech recordings that are noisy with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. Also, most of the recent techniques utilize different frame lengths for pitch extraction. From this point of view, This research considers different frame lengths on male and female speech signals for fundamental frequency extraction. Also, analyze the frame length dependency on the speech signal analytically to understand which frame length is more suitable and effective for male and female speech signals specifically. For the validation of our idea, we have utilized the conventional autocorrelation function (ACF), and state-of-the-art method BaNa. This study puts out a potent idea that will work better for speech processing applications in noisy speech. From experimental results, the proposed idea represents which frame length is more appropriate for male and female speech signals in noisy environments.

God Time = Planck Time: Finally Detected! And Its Relation to Hubble Time

Newton already mentioned indivisible time in Principia. In 1899, Max Planck derived a unique time period from three universal constants: G, c, and ħ, and today this is known as the Planck time. The Planck time is of the order of about 10−44 seconds while the best atomic clocks are down to 10−19 seconds. An approach has recently been outlined that puts an upper limit on the quantization of time to 10−33 seconds;this is, however, still far away from the Planck time. We demonstrate that the Planck time can easily be measured without any knowledge of any other physical constants. This is remarkable as this means we have demonstrated that the Planck time and therefore the Planck scale is real and detectable. It has taken more than 100 years to understand this. The reason for the breakthrough in Planck scale physics in recent years comes from understanding that G is a composite constant and that the true matter wavelength is the Compton wavelength rather than the de Broglie wavelength. When this is understood, the mysteries of the Planck scale can be uncovered. In this paper, we also demonstrate how to measure the number of Planck events in a gravitational mass without relying on any constants. This directly relates to a new and simple method for quantizing general relativity theory that we also will shortly discuss.

Seismology in the Light of Fundamental Sciences

According to the definition, seismology is a science that studies the processes and causes of seismic phenomena and the structure of the Earth, i.e. a scientific discipline that studies the movement of blocks of rocks of the Earth’s crust and mantle and related phenomena. Seismology conducts research in the following areas and is designed to scientifically explain two main issues: 1) Study of the nature of seismic phenomena and the internal structure of the Earth. Why, how and where do seismic impacts occur? 2) Protecting humanity from the catastrophic consequences of seismic events. Is it possible to predict seismic impacts? Like any other scientific discipline, seismology is obliged to follow the laws of science and its fundamental principles. This article is devoted to the description of violations of the fundamental laws of science committed by seismologists in the study of seismic processes and raises the question of compliance of the stated research directions with the current level of development of sciences. Answering point No. 1, regarding the structure of the Earth, it is possible to recognize some successes of seismology, which nevertheless cause great doubts in the scientific community of geophysicists, because if the stratigraphic data of ultra-deep wells often refute [1] the conclusions made by seismologists on the structure of the Earth’s crust at shallow depth, then to assert something unambiguously about the structure of the mantle and at the present stage, seismology cannot. Answering the main questions of seismology, why seismic phenomena occur, and how earthquake energy is formed, seismologists have not had, and have not. Answering point No. 2, we can confidently say that in the matter of forecasting seismic phenomena, seismology has not advanced one iota over the past century, and as seismologists have been confused in the search for earthquake prediction algorithms, they are also confused without any hope of success. All that modern seismology can “boast” is the theory of Elastic recoil [2], the absurdity of which does not cause any doubt among the progressive part of geophysicists. But, the fact that most of the leading scientists-seismologists continue to piously believe the conclusions of the Elastic Recoil theory puts seismology in a humiliating position, because Mr. Reid’s theory is the clearest example of a false theory based on scientific incompetence of scientists, a model of brazen violation of the fundamental laws of science and the foundation of false and ignorant conclusions. Based on the results achieved, or rather on their absence, we regret to draw a sad conclusion: modern seismology is in the deepest decline, the cause of which is the incompetence of researchers as a result of their catastrophically low level of academic training, who stuff the scientific community with scientific geophysical rubbish, breeding similar ignoramuses in seismology. We understand that by asserting this, we offend most seismologists, but it is impossible to continue to tolerate this state of affairs in geophysics, because: “Amicus plato, sed magis amica est veritas.” Obviously, the time has come for a new meteorologist, Alfred Wagener [3], who will come and teach seismologists not to guess on coffee grounds, but to investigate seismic processes using the fundamental laws of science. In this article, we not only investigate the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of affairs in seismology, but also give our answers to the questions, of why earthquakes occur and how seismic energy is formed.

Islam,Society and Kurds:Islamic Fundamentalism Among Iranian’s Kurds

Islamic fundamentalism is a reading of Islam,the Qur’an and hadiths,according to which a large part of these bases are nonhistorical,independent and immune to social and political changes and are applicable to all societies and eras.The aim of this article is explanation the causes behind the emergence and spread of this specific form of fundamentalist trend.The research method is based on grounded theory.Samples have been selected through purposive sampling and theoretical saturation was obtained after carrying out depth interviews with 15 participants.Findings show confronting modernism,the crisis of meaning,dominant uncertainty,the need of the contemporary man to collective identity,and the weakness of religious clergy in converting religion to a discourse are the main reasons to tendency to Islamic fundamentalism movement.The fundamentalist movement in Kurdistan,rather than ethnic,highlights Sunni Islam and claims to establishment an Islamic state.These two characteristics distinguish this movement from other Kurdish movements throughout history of Iranian Kurdistan.Moreover,this movement is a reaction to the political,economic and social challenges of the Sunnis of Iran,especially the Kurds.

Behaviorist Fundamentalism Turns Radical:ETIM/TIP’s Islamic Fundamentalist Representations and Narratives

Many contemporary Islamic terrorist groups have been identified as forms of religious fundamentalism.Moreover,the narratives and representations constructed by many of these groups contain traces of religious fundamentalism.In this article,ETIM/TIP’s narratives and representations are examined as a case study.The group’s power discourses as they relate to religious fundamentalism are analyzed through examining the group’s rhetoric of its own origin,its current situation,and its reactions toward this situation.The power discourse of an unconventional“Orientalism”and the use of behaviorist logic are especially emphasized.Furthermore,the presence of behaviorism in religious fundamentalist narratives suggests the need for China to revise its official national counterterrorist discourse.Instead of continuing the current behaviorist rhetoric in the legal framework,this article suggests a deconstruction-ultimately,a discouragement-of religious behaviorism to prevent the radicalization of Muslims in the country.

The Jurisprudence Trace Behind the DAESH Trench:Theoretical Basis of Islamic Fundamentalism Focusing on Kurdistan Province of Iran

Religious fundamentalism is a return to pure religious thought,beliefs,laws,and identity in the era of Islamic authority.Given the ever-growing spread of religious fundamentalism and revivalism in today’s world,especially in Islamic countries,the present article aims at studying the role of Jurisprudence in the tendency of people to Islamic fundamentalist thinking.The methodology of this article includes the documentary method and grounded theory method.Two data categories were studied to evaluate the issue:jurisprudential rulings–which can be a pretext for Islamic fundamentalist movements–and the reasons that motivate some Islamic fundamentalists taken from these jurisprudential rulings or matched with them.Data on understanding the reasons that motivate these individuals are collected through purposive sampling.Theoretical saturation is achieved after interviewing 27 persons.To achieve the goal of the paper,some jurisprudential rulings,Jihad rulings especially,were studied,followed by analysing the interviews.The findings show that there is an association between some jurisprudential rulings and the tendency of interviewees toward fundamentalists thinking.Moreover,it was found that their main reasons for supporting Islamic fundamentalism are modernism,the rebuilding of Islamic identity,and the founding of the Islamic state.Finally,it was found that some of the jurisprudential rulings could provide appropriate context for Islamic fundamentalist movements.

Mathematical Wave Functions and 3D Finite Element Modelling of the Electron and Positron

The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.