Apple replant disease(ARD)negatively affects plant growth and reduces yields in replanted orchards.In this study,biochar was applied to apple replant soil with Fusarium oxysporum.Our aim was to investigate whether bio...Apple replant disease(ARD)negatively affects plant growth and reduces yields in replanted orchards.In this study,biochar was applied to apple replant soil with Fusarium oxysporum.Our aim was to investigate whether biochar could promote plant growth and alleviate apple replant disease by reducing the growth of harmful soil microorganisms,changing soil microbial community structure and improving the soil environment.This experiment included five treatments:apple replant soil(CK),methyl bromide fumigation apple replant soil(FM),replant soil with biochar addition(2%),replant soil with F.oxysporum spore solution(8×10^(7)spores·mL^(-1)),and replant soil with biochar and F.oxysporum spore solution addition.Seedling biomass,the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves and roots,and soil environmental variables were measured.Microbial community composition and community structure were analyzed using 16SrDNA and ITS2 gene sequencing.Biochar significantly reduced the abundance of F.oxysporum and increased soil microbial diversity and richness.Biochar also increased the soil enzyme activities(urease,invertase,neutral phosphatase,and catalase),the biomass(plant height,fresh weight,dry weight)and the activity of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase).The root indexes of apple seedlings was also increased in replant soil by biochar.In sum,biochar promoted the growth of plants,improved the replant soil environment,and alleviated apple replant disease.展开更多
The Genisteae tribe belongs to the Fabaceae family.The wide occurrence of secondary metabolites,explicitly high-lighting the quinolizidine alkaloids(QAs),characterizes this tribe.In the present study,twenty QAs(1-20),...The Genisteae tribe belongs to the Fabaceae family.The wide occurrence of secondary metabolites,explicitly high-lighting the quinolizidine alkaloids(QAs),characterizes this tribe.In the present study,twenty QAs(1-20),including lupanine(1-7),sparteine(8-10),lupanine(11),cytisine and tetrahydrocytisine(12-17),and matrine(18-20)-type QAs were extracted and isolated from leaves of three species(i.e.,Lupinus polyphyllus(’rusell’hybrid),Lupinus muta-bilis,and Genista monspessulana)belonging to the Genisteae tribe.These plant sources were propagated under greenhouse conditions.The isolated compounds were elucidated by analyzing their spectroscopical data(MS,NMR).The antifungal effect on the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum(Fox)of each isolated QA was then evaluated through the amended medium assay.The best antifungal activity was found to be for compounds 8(IC_(50)=16.5μM),9(IC_(50)=7.2μM),12(IC_(50)=11.3μM),and 18(IC_(50)=12.3μM).The inhibitory data suggest that some QAs could effi-ciently inhibit Fox mycelium growth depending on particular structural requirements deduced from structure-activity relationship scrutinies.The identified quinolizidine-related moieties can be involved in lead structures to develop further antifungal bioactives against Fox.展开更多
Fusarium wilt is a common fungal disease in sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.sesami(FOS).To determine the toxin production profiles of the FOS isolates with different pathogenicity levels under various culture...Fusarium wilt is a common fungal disease in sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.sesami(FOS).To determine the toxin production profiles of the FOS isolates with different pathogenicity levels under various culture conditions,we assessed the content variation of fusaric acid(FA)and 9,10-dehydrofusaric acid(9,10-DFA)produced by the four representative FOS isolates.Results indicated that the concentration of FA reached to a maximum of 2848.66μg/mL in Czapek medium,while 9,10-DFA was mainly produced in Richard and Lowcarbon Richard medium.The concentration of 9,10-DFA on Richard culture medium varied from 0μg/mL to 716.89μg/mL.Of the five culture media used in this study,Czapek culture medium was the most conductive to produce FA.FA production was significantly affected by culture medium,culture time,and their interactions.Results suggest that there is no correlation between toxin production and pathogenicity level of FOS isolates.These findings provide key information for the mechanism analysis of FOS-sesame interaction and pathogen control.展开更多
[Objective] With a strain of endophytic antagonistic bacteria with good disease control efficacy in pot as trial material,the paper was to explore the antagonistic mechanism of siderophore against Fusarium oxysporum.[...[Objective] With a strain of endophytic antagonistic bacteria with good disease control efficacy in pot as trial material,the paper was to explore the antagonistic mechanism of siderophore against Fusarium oxysporum.[Method] Whether the strain produced siderophore and its fluorescent property was judged by MSA（Modified Sugar-Aspartic acid） plate.The siderophore activity of strains in liquid MSA medium was determined through the absorbance values at particular wavelength.The inhibition effects of it siderophore against F.oxysporum under different concentrations of Fe3＋ were compared.Then the strain was preliminarily identified based on morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics [Result] The fluorescent siderophore produced by the endophytic bacteria in MSA medium had a strong inhibition effect against F.oxysporum.With the increasing concentration of Fe3＋,the inhibition effect against the pathogen weakened.The preliminary analysis showed these strains belonged to Bacillus.[Conclusion] Bacillus could compete the absorption of Fe3＋ by secreting siderophore to inhibit the growth of F.oxysporum.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the control of cotton Fusarium wilt and cotton boll rot disease.[Method]The inhibitory activity of the extracts from three species of plants(Artemisia annual L.,...[Objective]The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the control of cotton Fusarium wilt and cotton boll rot disease.[Method]The inhibitory activity of the extracts from three species of plants(Artemisia annual L.,Artemisia capillaris Thunb.,Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant)against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and Fusarium moniliforme were studied under the condition of laboratory.[Result]The extracts of all the three plants in Artemisia showed strong antifungal activity against the tested pathogenic ...展开更多
[Objective] To study the effects of different culture conditions on the Fusarium oxysporurn SchL f. sp. [Method] Based on species identification of the pathogenic organism of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp, effects of...[Objective] To study the effects of different culture conditions on the Fusarium oxysporurn SchL f. sp. [Method] Based on species identification of the pathogenic organism of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp, effects of different cultures and different nutrients on the mycelial growth and conidial production of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp were studied. [Result] The mycelial growth and conidial pro- duction of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp was different under different culture con- ditions. PDA medium was the most suitable medium for the mycelial growth and had the highest conidial production; and the mycelial grew the fastest on the medium with maltose as carbon source or peptone as nitrogen source, which also had the highest conidial production. [Conclusion] This study provided experimental basis for the study of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp and also provided theoretical basis for the study and control of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp.展开更多
Studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy ofcarbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem （Azadirachta indica） seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould...Studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy ofcarbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem （Azadirachta indica） seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould （Trichoderma harzianum） at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria （Pseudomonas fluorescens） at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108. All the treatments significantly improved the growth of the plants as compared carbofuran and A. indica seed powder increased plant growth to untreated inoculated plants. Analysis of data showed that and yield significantly more in comparison to bavistin and P. fluorescens. Carbofuran was highly effective against nematode, bavistin against fungus, A. indica seed powder against both the pathogens and both the bioagents were moderately effective against both the pathogens.展开更多
The diameter of the colony of Fusarium oxysporum in solid medium, and the mycelium growth, pectinase activity, and mycelium permeability of Fusarium oxysporum in liquid medium under varying concentrations of Nd^3＋ （...The diameter of the colony of Fusarium oxysporum in solid medium, and the mycelium growth, pectinase activity, and mycelium permeability of Fusarium oxysporum in liquid medium under varying concentrations of Nd^3＋ （0, 2, 4, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 300, and 400 mg·L^-1） were measured. The results indicated that the growth of Fusarium oxysporum was stimulated in solid medium when the concentration of Nd^3＋ ranges from 2 to 180 mg·L^-1, whereas it was inhibited when Nd^3 ＋ concentration was greater than 200 mg· L^-1. The colonies were fewer and smaller when Nd^3 ＋ was used in the solid medium. The growth of Fusarium oxysporum was inhibited in liquid medium when Nd^3＋ was used. The inhibition rate showed by the dry weight of mycelium ranged from 4.83% to 52.18% and inereased with Nd^3 ＋ concentration. The pectinase activity decreased compared with that of controls. When the concentration of Nd^3 ＋ was 10 and 400 mg· L^- 1, the pectinase activity decreased by 95 % at both concentrations. Mycelium cell membrane permeability increased when Nd^3 ＋ concentrations ranged from 10 to 400 mg· L^-1 but decreased when Nd^3＋ concentration was 2 mg· L^-1.展开更多
基金supported by the earmarked fund for National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31801816)National Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(Grant No.CARS-27)Taishan scholar funded project(Grant No.TS20190923)。
文摘Apple replant disease(ARD)negatively affects plant growth and reduces yields in replanted orchards.In this study,biochar was applied to apple replant soil with Fusarium oxysporum.Our aim was to investigate whether biochar could promote plant growth and alleviate apple replant disease by reducing the growth of harmful soil microorganisms,changing soil microbial community structure and improving the soil environment.This experiment included five treatments:apple replant soil(CK),methyl bromide fumigation apple replant soil(FM),replant soil with biochar addition(2%),replant soil with F.oxysporum spore solution(8×10^(7)spores·mL^(-1)),and replant soil with biochar and F.oxysporum spore solution addition.Seedling biomass,the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves and roots,and soil environmental variables were measured.Microbial community composition and community structure were analyzed using 16SrDNA and ITS2 gene sequencing.Biochar significantly reduced the abundance of F.oxysporum and increased soil microbial diversity and richness.Biochar also increased the soil enzyme activities(urease,invertase,neutral phosphatase,and catalase),the biomass(plant height,fresh weight,dry weight)and the activity of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase).The root indexes of apple seedlings was also increased in replant soil by biochar.In sum,biochar promoted the growth of plants,improved the replant soil environment,and alleviated apple replant disease.
基金the Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones at the Universidad Militar Nueva Granada(UMNG)through the project IMP-CIAS-2924,validity 2020.
文摘The Genisteae tribe belongs to the Fabaceae family.The wide occurrence of secondary metabolites,explicitly high-lighting the quinolizidine alkaloids(QAs),characterizes this tribe.In the present study,twenty QAs(1-20),including lupanine(1-7),sparteine(8-10),lupanine(11),cytisine and tetrahydrocytisine(12-17),and matrine(18-20)-type QAs were extracted and isolated from leaves of three species(i.e.,Lupinus polyphyllus(’rusell’hybrid),Lupinus muta-bilis,and Genista monspessulana)belonging to the Genisteae tribe.These plant sources were propagated under greenhouse conditions.The isolated compounds were elucidated by analyzing their spectroscopical data(MS,NMR).The antifungal effect on the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum(Fox)of each isolated QA was then evaluated through the amended medium assay.The best antifungal activity was found to be for compounds 8(IC_(50)=16.5μM),9(IC_(50)=7.2μM),12(IC_(50)=11.3μM),and 18(IC_(50)=12.3μM).The inhibitory data suggest that some QAs could effi-ciently inhibit Fox mycelium growth depending on particular structural requirements deduced from structure-activity relationship scrutinies.The identified quinolizidine-related moieties can be involved in lead structures to develop further antifungal bioactives against Fox.
基金financially supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-14)the Key Project of Science and Technology of Henan province(201300110600)+4 种基金Zhongyuan Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Plan(214200510020)the Zhongyuan Scientist Workshop Construction(214400510026)the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(222102110081)Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province(22111520400)Distinguished Young Scholars from Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2022JQ01).
文摘Fusarium wilt is a common fungal disease in sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.sesami(FOS).To determine the toxin production profiles of the FOS isolates with different pathogenicity levels under various culture conditions,we assessed the content variation of fusaric acid(FA)and 9,10-dehydrofusaric acid(9,10-DFA)produced by the four representative FOS isolates.Results indicated that the concentration of FA reached to a maximum of 2848.66μg/mL in Czapek medium,while 9,10-DFA was mainly produced in Richard and Lowcarbon Richard medium.The concentration of 9,10-DFA on Richard culture medium varied from 0μg/mL to 716.89μg/mL.Of the five culture media used in this study,Czapek culture medium was the most conductive to produce FA.FA production was significantly affected by culture medium,culture time,and their interactions.Results suggest that there is no correlation between toxin production and pathogenicity level of FOS isolates.These findings provide key information for the mechanism analysis of FOS-sesame interaction and pathogen control.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960010 )Principal Fund Key Projects of Tarim University(TDZKZD06001)~~
文摘[Objective] With a strain of endophytic antagonistic bacteria with good disease control efficacy in pot as trial material,the paper was to explore the antagonistic mechanism of siderophore against Fusarium oxysporum.[Method] Whether the strain produced siderophore and its fluorescent property was judged by MSA（Modified Sugar-Aspartic acid） plate.The siderophore activity of strains in liquid MSA medium was determined through the absorbance values at particular wavelength.The inhibition effects of it siderophore against F.oxysporum under different concentrations of Fe3＋ were compared.Then the strain was preliminarily identified based on morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics [Result] The fluorescent siderophore produced by the endophytic bacteria in MSA medium had a strong inhibition effect against F.oxysporum.With the increasing concentration of Fe3＋,the inhibition effect against the pathogen weakened.The preliminary analysis showed these strains belonged to Bacillus.[Conclusion] Bacillus could compete the absorption of Fe3＋ by secreting siderophore to inhibit the growth of F.oxysporum.
基金Supported by the 10th Five Years Program for Science and Technol-ogy Development of Anhui Province(01013011)Open Foundation Project of Key Lab for Food Safety of Anhui Province(las200508)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the control of cotton Fusarium wilt and cotton boll rot disease.[Method]The inhibitory activity of the extracts from three species of plants(Artemisia annual L.,Artemisia capillaris Thunb.,Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant)against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and Fusarium moniliforme were studied under the condition of laboratory.[Result]The extracts of all the three plants in Artemisia showed strong antifungal activity against the tested pathogenic ...
文摘[Objective] To study the effects of different culture conditions on the Fusarium oxysporurn SchL f. sp. [Method] Based on species identification of the pathogenic organism of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp, effects of different cultures and different nutrients on the mycelial growth and conidial production of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp were studied. [Result] The mycelial growth and conidial pro- duction of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp was different under different culture con- ditions. PDA medium was the most suitable medium for the mycelial growth and had the highest conidial production; and the mycelial grew the fastest on the medium with maltose as carbon source or peptone as nitrogen source, which also had the highest conidial production. [Conclusion] This study provided experimental basis for the study of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp and also provided theoretical basis for the study and control of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp.
文摘Studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy ofcarbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem （Azadirachta indica） seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould （Trichoderma harzianum） at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria （Pseudomonas fluorescens） at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, Vigna radiata cv ML-1108. All the treatments significantly improved the growth of the plants as compared carbofuran and A. indica seed powder increased plant growth to untreated inoculated plants. Analysis of data showed that and yield significantly more in comparison to bavistin and P. fluorescens. Carbofuran was highly effective against nematode, bavistin against fungus, A. indica seed powder against both the pathogens and both the bioagents were moderately effective against both the pathogens.
基金Project supported by the High Technology Research and Development Programof China (2002AA244031) China Postdoctoral Science Foundation and Young Foundation of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science
文摘The diameter of the colony of Fusarium oxysporum in solid medium, and the mycelium growth, pectinase activity, and mycelium permeability of Fusarium oxysporum in liquid medium under varying concentrations of Nd^3＋ （0, 2, 4, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 300, and 400 mg·L^-1） were measured. The results indicated that the growth of Fusarium oxysporum was stimulated in solid medium when the concentration of Nd^3＋ ranges from 2 to 180 mg·L^-1, whereas it was inhibited when Nd^3 ＋ concentration was greater than 200 mg· L^-1. The colonies were fewer and smaller when Nd^3 ＋ was used in the solid medium. The growth of Fusarium oxysporum was inhibited in liquid medium when Nd^3＋ was used. The inhibition rate showed by the dry weight of mycelium ranged from 4.83% to 52.18% and inereased with Nd^3 ＋ concentration. The pectinase activity decreased compared with that of controls. When the concentration of Nd^3 ＋ was 10 and 400 mg· L^- 1, the pectinase activity decreased by 95 % at both concentrations. Mycelium cell membrane permeability increased when Nd^3 ＋ concentrations ranged from 10 to 400 mg· L^-1 but decreased when Nd^3＋ concentration was 2 mg· L^-1.
