Characteristics of Oil and Gas Accumulation in Yong'an-Meitai Area of the Fushan Depression,Beibuwan Basin,South China Sea

The Yong＇an-Meitai area is the focus of the present exploration in the Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea. All oils from this area are geochemically characterized by higher Pr/Ph ratio, higher proportion of heavy molecular weight hydrocarbons, and higher proportion of C29 regular steranes, which indicate that the organic matter of source rocks might have been deposited in an oxidizing palaeoenvironment and be dominated by higher plant organic matter input. The oil from E3w2 （the second member of Weizhou Fro. of the Oligocene） has a much higher density, relatively higher Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18 ratios, and a ＂UCM--unresolved complex mixture＂ on gas chromatograms, which indicate that it has been slightly biodegraded. CPI and other terpane and sterane isomer ratios suggest they are all mature oils. The timing of oil charging in E3w2 and E2I1 （the first member of the Liushagang Fro. of the Eocene） determined by the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions and thermal evolution history are from 9-3 Ma and 8-3 Ma, respectively. Thus, the interpretation of E3w2 as a secondary reservoir is unlikely. The timing of oil charging is later than that of hydrocarbon generating and expulsion of Liushagang Fin. source rocks and trap formation, which is favorable for oil accumulation in this area. All molecular parameters that are used for tracing oil filling direction decrease with shallower burial depth, which suggests vertical oil migration. The widely occurring faults that penetrate through the source rocks of the Liushagang Fro. may serve as a fine oil charging conduit.

Astronomical forcing of sedimentary cycles of Late Eocene Liushagang Formation in the Bailian Sag, Fushan Depression, Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea

Sediments in the Liushagang Formation of Late Eocene form a group of key hydrocarbon play fairways in the Beibuwan Basin,South China Sea.As an important reservoir-forming combination,the Liushagang Formation consists of deltaic siliciclastic and show clear sedimentary cyclicity.According to paleontology research and stratigraphic correlation,the boundary between Liushagang Formation(Els)and Weizhou Formation(Ewz)is regarded as the Eocene-Oligocene boundary.The oxygen isotope dating for well cores from the top of the first Member of Liushagang Formation(Els1)and the bottom of the third Member of Weizhou Formation(Ewz3)give an isochron age of 35.2 Ma.Here,we use GR logging data as a paleoenvironmental proxy to conduct a detailed cyclostratigraphic study of the Els1 in the Bailian Sag,Fushan Depression.Power spectra,evolutionary fast Fourier transformation and wavelet analysis all reveal significant sedimentary cycles in Els1.The ratios of cycle wavelengths in these stratigraphic units are 21?5?2.8?1.2?1,and are interpreted as Milankovitch cycles of 400 ka and 96 ka eccentricity,52 ka obliquity,22ka and 19 ka precession cycles,respectively.An astronomical time scale is established by tuning filtered 96 ka eccentricity cycles to a target curve of Well L2 in the Bailian Sag.Based on regional stratigraphic framework,combined with seismic,cores and logging data,the HST of the first member of the Liushagang Formation(Els1)delta in Well L2 was divided into six parasequence sets named Ps1-Ps6.According to the spectrum analysis by Simple Lomb periodogram from PAST program packages,the sediment accumulation rate of each parasequence sets first increased and then decreased as time went by.The sediment accumulation rate of Ps4 reached the maximum(0.127 m/ka)during the most prosperous period of delta prograding.Finally,the duration of each period of parasequence sets and more accurate geological age were calculated on the basis of sediment accumulation rate.The ages of each depth are precisely estimated and provide new constraints on the Late Eocene.

Depositional setting analysis using seismic sedimentology: Example from the Paleogene Lishagang sequence in the Fushan depression,South China Sea

The Fushan depression is a classic lacustrine rifted sub-basin in the Beibuwan Basin, South China Sea. The Paleogene Liushagang sequence is the main hydrocarbon-bearing stratigraphic unit in the depression. Using three-dimensional （3-D） seismic data and logging data, we analyzed depositional setting of the Liushagang sequence. We use wave impedance inversion to describe progradational directions of provenance and the general distribution of sand body. The seismic facies was analyzed by using the seismic sedimentology approach based on 3-D seismic data, and summed into eight types of seismic facies which could be well related to sedimentary facies. Seismic attributes with six objective sequence boundaries were extracted. Consequently, four provenance system of Liushagang sequence in the study area were confirmed by the corresponding relationship between the geologic information and the warm color and higher value area of seismic attributes： （i） the Hainan uplift provenance area in the south, （ii） the Linggao uplift provenance area in the west, （iii） the Yunlong uplift provenance area in the east and （iv） the northern provenance area. The seismic sedimentology used in this study may provide new in- sizhts into a better understanding of depositional setting in continental lacustrine rifted basins.

Oil source and migration process in oblique transfer zone of Fushan Sag,northern South China Sea

The oblique transfer zone in the Fushan Sag, a syndepositional dome sandwiched between the Bailian and Huangtong sub-sags, has been the most important exploration target. The major oil observation occurs in the E_2l_1^(L+M) and the E_2l_3~U. 46 oil and rock samples reveal that the oil in the transfer zone is mostly contributed by the Bailian sub-sag, though the source rock conditions, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion histories of the Bailian and Huangtong sub-sags are similar. The E_2l_3~U oil, characterized by high maturity, Pr/Ph ratio and oleanane/C_(30)-hopane ratio, shows a close genetic affinity with the E_2l_3~b source rocks, while the E_2l_1^(L+M) oil, characterized by lower maturity, Pr/Ph ratio and oleanane/C_(30)-hopane ratio, is suggested to be derived from the E_2l_(1+2)~b source rocks. The homogenization temperatures of aqueous fluid inclusions, taking the burial history of the reservoirs into account, reflect that the oil charge mainly occurred from mid-Miocene to Pliocene in the oblique transfer zone. The oil transporting passages include connected sand bodies, unconformities and faults in the Fushan Sag. Of these, the faults are the most complicated and significant. The faults differ sharply in the west area, the east area and the oblique transfer zone, resulting in different influence on the oil migration and accumulation. During the main hydrocarbon charge stage, the faults in the west area are characterized by bad vertical sealing and spatially dense distribution. As a result, the oil generated by the Huangtong source rocks is mostly lost along the faults during the vertical migration in the west area. This can be the mechanism proposed to explain the little contribution of the Huangtong source rocks to the oil in the oblique transfer zone. Eventually, an oil migration and accumulation model is built in the oblique transfer zone, which may provide theoretical and practical guides for the oil exploration.

Total alkyl dibenzothiophenes content tracing the filling pathway of condensate reservoir in the Fushan Depression,South China Sea

The condensates are generally characterized by high maturity,low concentration of steranes and ter-panes biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. In this case commonly used steranes,terpanes and carbazoles parameters cannot be effectively applied in the reservoir-filling tracing. The hydrogen bond formed by sulfur atom in the dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) results in molecule adsorption and fractionation during oil migration in reservoir. Like carbazoles,total DBTs content decreases with the increasing of oil migration distance. Therefore,a new parameter——total DBTs content is proposed to be used to trace the oil migration orientation and filling pathway. In present study,total DBTs con-tents of condensates and light oils are obtained by adding internal standard——eight deuterium atoms substituted DBT during Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of aromatic fraction. Except for a few samples with much lower content of non-hydrocarbon fraction,the total DBTs content shows a fine positive correlation with that of carbazoles. Large errors can be caused in the process of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds separation. The application of this new parameter in the Fushan Depression of Beibu Gulf Basin,South China Sea indicates that this parameter is a reliable one to trace filling pathway in condensate reservoirs. Combined with other DBTs-related parameters,such as 4-/1-methydibenzo-thiophene and 2,4-/1,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene,oil migration orientation and filling pathway of the Fushan Depression was determined. The accumulations of Huachang oil field in the Fushan Depres-sion are mainly migrated and charged from northeast to southeast along the Huachang uplift. It can be predicated that the light oil and condensates in the Huachang oil field should be sourced from the source kitchen at the Bailian Sag. It shows that total DBTs content is an effective parameter to tracing oil migration orientation and filling pathway.

Paleogene Tectonic Evolution Controls on Sequence Stratigraphic Patterns in the Fushan Sag, Northern South China Sea

Tectonism is of extreme importance to sequence stratigraphic patterns in continental sedimentary basins, affecting both the architectures and internal makeup of sequences. Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Paleogene system in the Fushan sag, northern South China Sea, was built using 3D and 2D seismic data, complemented by drilling cores and well logs data. One first-order, three second-order and seven third-order sequences were identified. Analysis of paleotectonic stress field, unconformities and subsidence history showed that the Paleogene tectonic evolution presented significant characteristics of multistage and episode, and can be divided into three stages： rifting stage I（initial rifting period）, rifting stage II（rapid subsidence period）, rifting stage III（fault-depressed diversionary period）. Partition of the west and east in tectonic activity was obvious. The west area showed relatively stronger tectonic activity than the east area, especially during the rifting stage II. Episodic rifting and lateral variations in tectonic activity resulted in a wide variety of structural slope break belts, which controlled both the sequence architectures and interval makeup, and strongly constrained the development of special facies zones or sand bodies that tended to form hydrocarbon accumulation. This paper classifies the genetic types of slope break belts and their relevant sequence stratigraphic patterns within the Fushan sag, and further discusses the tectonic evolution controls on sequence stratigraphic patterns, which suggests that vertical evolution paths of structural slope break belts and relevant sequence stratigraphic patterns as a response to the Paleogene tectonic evolution were strongly controlled by sag margin types and lateral variations of tectonic activity.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TIDES AND CURRENTS IN FUSHAN BAY, QINGDAO

The three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was employed to simulatethe tide and current simul-tanuously for the first time in the Fushan Bay, Qingdao, China. Byadopting the elevation condition that was combined with the tides M2, S2, K1 and O1 at the openboundary and by choosing the proper value of bottom roughness, the horizontal and verticaldistributions of the tidal current and water level variations in the bay were computed. The resultsagree well with the field observation data, indicating that this model can be used to predictaccurately the variation of tides and currents in the Fushan Bay and other costal regions in thefuture. Our study also provides useful information and a data base for the Olympic Projects thatwill be conducted in the Fushan Bay in 2008.

咖啡隐喻:海南福山特色小镇农文旅融合的地方性叙事

物承载着人类社会的文化实践,在其背后呈现的是文化隐喻。咖啡在海南省福山地区的发展历程体现了物的世界性与地方性的关联,以及中国式现代化的实践。咖啡流通空间的转化实现了物的跨边界流动,咖啡在世界范围的传播轨迹反映了全球化的过程。海南福山咖啡的文化实践既是海南自贸港建设进程中农文旅融合发展特色小镇的打造模式,也是中国式现代化的具体实践路径,还是一种特定社会语境中文化隐喻的表达。

福山凹陷低阻油层成因分析及流体识别方法

福山油田涠洲组广泛发育低阻油层,储层低阻成因机制认识不清与储层流体准确识别是制约涠洲组高效勘探开发的主要难题。以花场、白莲、永安地区为研究对象,综合分析岩石物理实验、地层水分析化验、测井、试油等资料,围绕地层水矿化度、淡水钻井液侵入、束缚水饱和度、黏土附加导电性、含油饱和度5方面因素展开分析研究。明确不同地区低阻主控因素,深入分析不同成因机制的岩石物理和测井响应特征,针对性构建综合储集指数、侵入因子、电阻增大率等流体敏感测井评价参数。结合测井解释及生产试油情况,建立相应流体识别图版,应用于涠洲组27口井58个试油层位。结果表明,流体识别符合率由76%提高到84%,有效提高了涠洲组低阻油层流体识别准确率。

北部湾盆地福山凹陷晚始新世物源示踪与源汇系统耦合

北部湾盆地福山凹陷古近纪“盆小源多”、沉积体系复杂多变,源汇配置关系及源汇耦合模式研究有待深化。通过地震前积反射、锆石U-Pb定年、重矿物组分和砂岩百分含量多方法开展福山凹陷流沙港组一段上亚段沉积物源示踪,厘定源汇配置关系,进而建立福山凹陷晚始新世不同源汇耦合模式,以指导有利储层预测。结果表明,南部斜坡带、西部陡坡带和东部陡坡带可见明显前积反射;永安、花场地区锆石均表现为与海南隆起物源类似的双峰年龄特征;福山凹陷重矿物组合可以分为4类,即:西部朝阳地区,东部金凤地区,南部西侧美台、永安地区,南部东侧花场、白莲地区;南部美台、花场、白莲沿线可见砂岩百分含量高值,向北可延伸至永安地区,西部朝阳地区、东部金凤地区可见砂岩百分含量中值。综合分析认为,福山凹陷晚始新世发育南部海南隆起、西部临高凸起和东部云龙凸起3大物源,其中海南隆起物源又可分为东、西两支。进一步将晚始新世福山凹陷划分为海南隆起—南部斜坡带、临高凸起—朝阳陡坡带和云龙凸起—金凤陡坡带3个次级源汇系统。从源汇控储的角度来看,南部海南隆起—南部斜坡带源汇系统中的水下分流河道为优质储层发育有利区带。

推进福山大樱桃产业高质量发展对策分析

大樱桃是烟台福山第一大特色果业,是农业增效、农民增收的支柱产业。近年来,随着国内大樱桃种植面积的持续扩大,福山大樱桃产业正面临自身质量下降和外部竞争加剧的双重考验,“内忧”与“外患”并存,产业发展进入瓶颈期。本文调研了福山大樱桃产业发展现状,分析了制约产业发展的关键因素,提出了推进福山大樱桃产业高质量发展的对策建议。

福山油田绳结暂堵转向压裂工艺

海南福山油田储层主要特点薄互层发育,油层厚度小,隔层泥质含量高,使用可溶球和颗粒暂堵剂实现层间暂堵转向,存在暂堵压力响应不明显,颗粒暂堵剂堵塞压裂泵车柱塞阀的问题。通过对暂堵材料、暂堵工艺的改进,使用新型绳结暂堵球,取代了以往的可溶球和颗粒暂堵剂;同时在室内开展了薄互层射孔优化、携砂液对孔眼冲蚀规律分析、绳结暂堵球直径大小和数量与射孔孔眼的匹配研究,形成了适应福山油田储层特征的绳结暂堵转向压裂工艺。经福山油田应用17口井27层,暂堵转向有效率82%,单井平均日增油4.28 t/d,取得较好增产效果。该工艺进一步提高了薄互层压裂改造效率,具有良好的推广应用价值。

福山区樱桃产业发展现状与对策建议

立足烟台市福山区大樱桃产业发展,从提升品质、培育品牌、设施栽培、规模经营、拓宽市场、采摘游等方面,对福山区大樱桃生产中存在的问题及难题进行调研,探讨建议与对策,以期为深入推进福山区樱桃产业发展提供参考。

基于AHP和信息量模型的烟台市福山区地质灾害风险评价

本文在地质灾害详细调查和资料收集的基础上,选取坡向、高程、坡度、岩土体、距断层距离、距河流距离、距道路距离及降雨量8个影响因子作为研究区危险性评价指标,运用层次分析法构建了评价体系。基于ArcGIS平台,结合加权信息量模型对福山区地质灾害的易发性、危险性、易损性和风险进行了评价分区。结果表明,福山区危险性评价可分为高危险区、中危险区和低危险区,无极高危险区,面积分别为75.89 km^(2)、192.7 km^(2)和668.11 km^(2),并通过ROC曲线对该评价结果进行验证,AUC值为89.9%,表明该评价具有较好的准确性。在此基础上对风险性进行评价,划分为高、中、低3级风险区,面积分别为12.06 km^(2)、222.75 km^(2)、701.89 km^(2)。该研究可为烟台市地质灾害防治和生态环境保护提供重要的参考依据。

基于空间句法的新型农村社区空间形态研究——以淄博市傅山村为例

新型农村社区是乡村振兴的重要内容,研究新型农村社区空间形态对于开展因地制宜的建设具有重要意义。文章运用空间句法理论,结合实地调研,对傅山村空间特征进行解读,并对存在问题提出优化建议。研究结果表明:傅山村空间结构明确,以最早建设的居住区为核心向外辐射;蟠龙山东路整合度最高,为整个空间系统的核心;该村空间系统智能度较高,全局整合度与局部整合度高度相关,但存在绿化景观不足和空间感知差等问题。

太行山南段符山高镁闪长岩的成因——拆沉陆壳物质熔融的熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应的结果

本文对太行山南段符山高镁闪长岩进行了年代学与地球化学研究,结合其中地幔橄榄岩包体的研究,对符山高镁闪长岩的成因和中生代岩石圈地幔的性质进行了探讨。研究表明,符山闪长岩体是由一套含橄榄石角闪闪长岩-角闪闪长岩-闪长岩构成。含橄榄岩包体的寄主岩——角闪闪长岩中的锆石可划分为两种:一是代表寄主岩浆结晶的锆石:内部结构均匀、呈条带状吸收、自形-半自形晶形,具有较高的Th/U比值(1.10～4.08),其^(206)Pb/^(238)U年龄介于123～128Ma之间,12个点的加权平均值为125±1Ma,这表明岩体的形成时代为早白垩世;二是捕获或继承锆石:具有核边结构、吸收程度不均匀、呈浑圆状和自形-半自形两种,它们的Th/U比值介于0.32～2.03之间,构成了3组^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb加权平均年龄:2503±11Ma、2181±26Ma和1778±36Ma。该类岩石的SiO_2和MgO含量分别介于56.69%～59.21%和3.60%～6.33%之间;且以高Mg~#(0.51～0.64)、富Na(Na_2O/K_2O大于1)、高Cr(93.1×10^(-6)～420×10^(-6))、Ni(35.1×10^(-6)～137×10^(-6))为特征。该类岩石强烈富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素、明显亏损高场强元素,(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_i、ε_(Nd)(t)值和(^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb)_i分别变化于0.70581～0.70641、-8.30～-16.56和17.052～17.512之间。综合上述特征,同时结合地慢橄榄岩包体的特征和古元古代捕获锆石的大量存在,认为符山高镁闪长岩的原始岩浆起源于拆沉陆壳物质的部分熔融,其后经历了与地幔橄榄岩的反应过程。

北部湾盆地福山凹陷构造转换带及其油气富集规律

基于典型三维地震解释结果,结合东西部构造差异特征,在福山凹陷中部识别出一个构造转换带,该构造转换带主要发育于古近纪流沙港组沉积时期,位于东西部接壤部位花场低凸起之上,转换带两侧分属为2个伸展构造体系,断层的走向和构造样式具有较大的差异性。花状构造的发育表明存在区域走滑作用,与转换带的成因密切相关。构造转换带为物源入口,控制着砂体和沉积体系的运移方向和展布范围;深层反向断裂有利于油气的疏导和封存;复杂的断裂体系有利于断鼻和断块圈闭形成,同时有利于改善储层物性。构造转换带具有双向油源条件,发育独特的油气成藏模式和多种油气藏类型,由此可见该转换带对油气成藏具有良好的控制作用,具有良好的油气勘探前景。

由流体包裹体均一温度和埋藏史确定油气成藏时间的几个问题——以北部湾盆地福山凹陷为例

利用BasinMod-1D软件恢复了北部湾盆地福山凹陷代表井的埋藏史和热史,结合流体包裹体均一温度,确定福山凹陷始新统流沙港组和渐新统涠洲组油藏为一期成藏,成藏时间为中中新世末期至上新世早期。油气主要成藏时间与源岩大量生排烃期和圈闭形成期很好地匹配,有利于该区油气的充注成藏。

北部湾盆地福山凹陷构造转换带对层序及沉积体系的控制

基于福山凹陷典型三维地震解释结果,以流沙港组构造转换带为研究对象,对其层序构成样式和沉积体系展布特征进行研究。结果表明:构造转换带发育于凹陷中部花场地区,并起到调节东西部构造差异性的作用,其两侧所发育的层序构成样式差异显著,西部发育多级断阶型层序样式,东部发育缓坡型层序样式;构造转换带处发育挠曲坡折型层序样式,高位域时期发育大规模辫状河三角洲沉积体系,低位时期发育大范围浊积扇;福山凹陷的沉积充填演化受到构造转换带、相对湖平面变化和古地貌联合控制,不同体系域内转换带对沉积充填控制作用也有一定的差异性。

北部湾盆地福山凹陷流沙港组湖底扇沉积特征及发育背景

福山凹陷流沙港组内发育一套具有一定规模的湖底扇沉积,其中可识别出浊流沉积、水下泥石流沉积和滑塌堆积3种沉积相单元。湖底扇沉积主要发育于低位域及水进早期,地震剖面特征显示为双向下超的丘形反射复合体,测井曲线特征为箱形、钟形或漏斗形。湖底扇在平面上由扇根、扇中和扇端沉积所组成。垂向层序上湖底扇下部常见厚度较大的重力流沉积充填的下切水道,中上部发育多个叠置的浊积扇体组成。湖底扇的发育主要受控于盆地东西两侧的断层活动、湖平面变化及物源供给。流二段时期沉积的较大规模的湖底扇与这一时期的构造快速沉降和充足的物源供给有关。