Quantitative geochemical reconstruction of Eocene paleoenvironment in Fushun Basin,northeast China

The quantitative estimation of key parameters of paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation is crucial for paleoclimate reconstruction.Geochemical data from mod-ern sediments are highly consistent with climate data,and their relationship can provide an important reference for the quantitative reconstruction of the paleoclimate.In this study,detailed inorganic geochemical analysis was carried out using high-precision sampling of the Paleogene(LFD-1 well)Guchengzi,Jijuntun and Xiloutian Formations in the Fushun Basin located in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.The Eocene Guchengzi Formation(54.51–47.8 Ma)and Jijuntun Formation(47.8–41.2 Ma)in the Fushun Basin were found to have been deposited under a humid climate.The lower(41.2–40.1 Ma)and upper(40.1–37.8 Ma)parts of the Xiloutian Formation were character-ized by semiarid and semihumid–semiarid climates,respec-tively,which is very similar to the paleoclimatic information reflected by organic carbon isotopes.The Eocene Thermal Maximum 2(ETM2,~53.7 Ma),Early Eocene Climatic Optimum(EECO,~53.1–46.5 Ma),Eocene Thermal Maxi-mum 3(ETM 3,~52.8 Ma),and Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum(MECO,~40.7–40.1 Ma)events significantly enhanced chemical weathering during these periods.The rapid increase in pCO_(2)concentration leads to an increase in temperature,precipitation,and surface runoff,exhibiting strong chemical weathering.The mean annual temperature(MATa)and mean annual precipitation(MAPa,MAPb,and MAPc)were estimated using parameters,such as the corrosion index without potassium(CIA-K),CaO/Al_(2)O_(3),and(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)/Al_(2)O_(3).Comparing MAPa,MAPb,and MAPc with the MAP estimated using pollen data,MAPa and MAPb were found to be more sensitive to the climate during high precipitation periods(precipitation>1000 mm,Guchengzi Formation),and the recovered average precipi-tation was similar to MAP.In contrast,MAPc was more sensitive to the climate during low precipitation periods(precipitation<1000 mm,Jijuntun,and Xiloutian Forma-tions),with higher accuracy.To fully consider the influence of soluble inorganic salts Ca^(2+)and Na^(+),multivariate linear equations of CIA-K and CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)with CIA,and CIA-K and CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)with MAP were constructed,namely MAPd and MAPe.The results show that MAPe has the highest per-formance and can be effectively used to estimate the change of paleoprecipitation in Northeast Asia.

Using deep neural networks coupled with principal component analysis for ore production forecasting at open-pit mines

Ore production is usually affected by multiple influencing inputs at open-pit mines.Nevertheless,the complex nonlinear relationships between these inputs and ore production remain unclear.This becomes even more challenging when training data(e.g.truck haulage information and weather conditions)are massive.In machine learning(ML)algorithms,deep neural network(DNN)is a superior method for processing nonlinear and massive data by adjusting the amount of neurons and hidden layers.This study adopted DNN to forecast ore production using truck haulage information and weather conditions at open-pit mines as training data.Before the prediction models were built,principal component analysis(PCA)was employed to reduce the data dimensionality and eliminate the multicollinearity among highly correlated input variables.To verify the superiority of DNN,three ANNs containing only one hidden layer and six traditional ML models were established as benchmark models.The DNN model with multiple hidden layers performed better than the ANN models with a single hidden layer.The DNN model outperformed the extensively applied benchmark models in predicting ore production.This can provide engineers and researchers with an accurate method to forecast ore production,which helps make sound budgetary decisions and mine planning at open-pit mines.

Solution to the Horizontal Crossing Problem of Transportation System at Key Points in Open-Pit Mines

In order to reduce the horizontal crossing transportation problems between coal trucks and stripping trucks,large and small vehicles,and transport trucks and belt conveyors at key points of open pit mine in production,the separate transportation mode of underpass bridge and overpass steel trestle is proposed to optimize the open pit development transportation system,so as to solve the practical problems that the horizontal cross of transport vehicles causes vehicle blockage,affects production schedule and production safety.The results show that the horizontal crossing road can be changed into a separate type of overpass steel trestle,which can realize the classified transportation of large and small vehicles,reduce the traffic density,make vehicles with different functions go their own way,eliminate the hidden danger of traffic accidents,and improve the production efficiency.

Study on the Application of Real-Time Drone Monitoring in Ordos Open-Pit Coal Mine

In the process of intelligent mine construction in open-pit mine, in order to improve the safety monitoring ability of mine transportation system, solve the problems of large human interference and blind Angle detection by existing conventional monitoring methods, this paper establishes an open-pit mine monitoring data set, and proposes a real-time intelligent monitoring model based on UAV. The reasoning component with strong computing power and low power consumption is selected, and the lightweight object detection model is selected for the experiment. A quantitative standard of dynamic energy consumption detection by evaluation algorithm is proposed. Through experimental comparison, it is found that YOLOv4-tiny has the highest comprehensive grade in detection accuracy, speed, energy consumption and other aspects, which is suitable for application in the above model.

辽宁抚顺和新疆吉木萨尔煤精的显微组成和拉曼光谱对比研究

煤精又称煤玉,是一种资源稀缺且价格昂贵的煤种,可作为工艺美术雕琢材料。采集了辽宁抚顺和新疆吉木萨尔这两个地区的6件煤精样品,测试分析了其煤岩煤质(显微组成、腐植体最大反射率、工业分析、元素分析)和拉曼光谱特征。研究结果表明6件煤精样品中显微组分均以腐植组为主,稳定组次之,惰质组含量最低,腐植体最大反射率(R_(o, max))介于0.41%~0.55%;抚顺煤精的稳定组以沥青质体和孢子体为主,而吉木萨尔煤精的稳定组则以角质体为主;这两个地区煤精的拉曼光谱特征差异显著,拉曼结构参数显著受控于煤岩煤质;煤精的拉曼光谱参数D_(1)峰与G峰的强度比(I_(D_(1))/I_(G))、面积比(A_(D_(1))/A_(G))均随稳定组含量增加而显著增大,随腐植组和惰质组含量的增加而明显减小;吉木萨尔煤精的I_(D_(1))/I_(G)和A_(D_(1))/A_(G)值均显著小于抚顺煤精,这是由于抚顺煤精中含有大量沥青质体和孢子体,其大分子结构的芳环生长程度较差;这两个地区煤精的I_(D_(1))/I_(G)和A_(D_(1))/A_(G)值均随着R_(o, max)增大呈现差异化降低趋势;随着煤化程度增大,芳香层片空间排列有序化增强。拉曼光谱参数可有效指示不同产地煤精的大分子结构差异性,可为今后煤精类文物的产地溯源提供科学依据,进而为了解中国古代手工业发展史及商品流通提供启示。

Optimization model of GNSS/pseudolites structure design for open-pit mine positioning

A new pseudolites （PLs） structure optimization model of global navigation satellite system （GNSS）/PLs integration positioning system used in deep open-pit mine was presented. Position dilution of precision （Pdop） and reliability were selected as the optimization indicators to build a multi-objective optimization model to decide the optimum PLs location. A scheme was designed by establishing a four-dimensional model taking azimuth （a）, elevation angle （e） and epoch （t） of satellites as the input independent variables and Pdop as the dependent variable to calculate the optimum PLs location zone considering the real circumstances. And then the ultimate PLs location can be fixed by testing the curves of Pdop along time. A field collected Trimble R8 GPS data set in China University of Mining and Technology （CUMT） campus was used for the model test to show the effectiveness, and the proposed PLs optimum design scheme was used at the west open-pit mine of Fushun mining group Co., Ltd., in China, better Pdop and reliability have been achieved for the integration system. Both experiments show that the proposed scheme is excellent in designing GNSS/PLs system which is helpful for improving the performance of the positioning system and reducing the cost.

Modified algorithm of combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning for applications in open-pit mines

A modified algorithm of combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning （GG-PPP） was developed by decreasing the number of unknowns to be estimated so that accurate position solutions can be achieved in the case of less number of visible satellites. The system time difference between GPS and GLONASS （STDGG） and zenith tropospheric delay （ZTD） values were firstly estimated in an open sky condition using the traditional GG-PPP algorithm. Then, they were used as a priori known values in the modified algorithm instead of estimating them as unknowns. The proposed algorithm was tested using observations collected at BJFS station in a simulated open-pit mine environment. The results show that the position filter converges much faster to a stable value in all three coordinate components using the modified algorithm than using the traditional algorithm. The modified algorithm achieves higher positioning accuracy as well. The accuracy improvement in the horizontal direction and vertical direction reaches 69% and 95% at a satellite elevation mask angle of 50°, respectively.

Failure characteristics and its influencing factors of talus-derived rock mass during open-pit mining

The failure characteristic of talus-derived rock mass continues to challenge quantitative hazard assessments in open-pit mining. Physical model test was used to assess the failure modes and mechanisms on talus-derived rock mass. The different types of failure modes of the talus-derived rock mass were introduced and a possible failure mechanism relation between the failure zone and the structure of the talus-derived rock mass was also shown. The physical model test results indicate that the rainfall has significant influence on the stability and failure modes of talus-derived rock mass during open-pit mining. The development of the seepage area caused by rainfall initiates the localized failure in that particular area, and the initiation of localized instability is mainly induced by stress changes concentrated in the seepage area.

露天煤矿废弃地自然资源价值识别与评估方法研究

随着经济转型升级与煤炭资源的枯竭,露天废弃矿坑的二次开发利用成为资源型城市获得增量空间资源的新选择。基于科学的资源价值评价方法,提出了露天煤矿废弃地资源价值识别与定量评估的理想模型和技术方法路线,并以抚顺西露天矿各类资源的评估为案例,直观展示了西露天矿的自然资源情况。通过研究可知,西露天矿总价值约为24.4亿元,其中直接使用价值占99.57%。在各类价值中,第三产业价值超过了第一、二产业的价值,这也与目前西露天矿的生态修复及发展方向相匹配,验证了模型的有效性。

抚顺西露天矿内矿物自燃防治技术研究

针对抚顺西露天矿矿坑内自燃灾害频发并因此导致环境污染和生产安全的问题,现场取煤炭、油母页岩、干馏后油母页岩三种样品进行了实验室工业分析和高温程序升温实验,分别得到了工业分析成果和自燃过程中析出气体规律及放热特性,研究了矿物自燃机理,提出了露天矿自燃监测方法和适宜的防治技术措施。结果表明,煤样品挥发分最高,达到42%,而油母页岩和干馏残渣灰分均超过75%。孔径分布表明各矿物样品大孔和介孔占比很大,易发生氧气吸附作用,从表观结构特征解释了矿物易于氧化自燃的原因。各样品氧化升温过程中易于析出碳氧化合物和碳氢类化合物,气体的成分及浓度与温度密切相关。矿物氧化升温过程放出热量,助推自热进一步发展至自燃。露天矿自燃不仅造成生态环境影响,同时破坏优质煤炭资源,降低边坡强度,可能进一步引发滑坡等地质灾害。自燃监测方面,可采取红外热成像系统,辅助同位素测氡和钻孔测温相结合精准圈定高温自热区和自燃区,从而选取适宜的防治措施进行精准治理,有效地控制了矿坑内自燃的发展,对类似矿山自燃精准防治提供了参考经验。

Slope stability of reclaimed coal mines through a new water filling index

A common reclamation practice for closed coal surface mines is filling them with water to form pit lakes.The creation and sustainability of these lakes are significantly affected by the stability of the corresponding slopes.The present study provides a general framework for analyzing the water filling’s effect on slope stability based on a new water filling index,which can indirectly consider the factors affecting the process and efficiently quantify the filling speed’s influence.The assumptions of the proposed approach are thoroughly discussed,and the range of the water filling index is identified.Furthermore,the safety factor is calculated using the finite element method with the shear strength reduction technique during the filling process for various conditions(soil properties,slope geometry,hydraulic conditions,and water filling speed).Results are presented as normalized stability charts for practical use.During the water filling,the stability gradually decreases until the reservoir reaches a critical level of 10%e40%of the total height;it then increases to even more stable conditions than the initial one.Overall,the present analysis allows for the preliminary stability evaluation of a coal mine during the formation of a pit lake and the appropriate quantification of the water filling’s effect.

Comprehensive analysis of multiple machine learning techniques for rock slope failure prediction

In this study,twelve machine learning(ML)techniques are used to accurately estimate the safety factor of rock slopes(SFRS).The dataset used for developing these models consists of 344 rock slopes from various open-pit mines around Iran,evenly distributed between the training(80%)and testing(20%)datasets.The models are evaluated for accuracy using Janbu's limit equilibrium method(LEM)and commercial tool GeoStudio methods.Statistical assessment metrics show that the random forest model is the most accurate in estimating the SFRS(MSE=0.0182,R2=0.8319)and shows high agreement with the results from the LEM method.The results from the long-short-term memory(LSTM)model are the least accurate(MSE=0.037,R2=0.6618)of all the models tested.However,only the null space support vector regression(NuSVR)model performs accurately compared to the practice mode by altering the value of one parameter while maintaining the other parameters constant.It is suggested that this model would be the best one to use to calculate the SFRS.A graphical user interface for the proposed models is developed to further assist in the calculation of the SFRS for engineering difficulties.In this study,we attempt to bridge the gap between modern slope stability evaluation techniques and more conventional analysis methods.

抚顺地区满文碑刻的调查、整理与研究

以满文碑刻为研究对象,进行田野考察,对搜集到的碑刻资料进行整理研究。按碑刻撰写内容分类:主要有人物传记碑、纪事碑、纪功碑、实用性碑刻。按碑刻存佚情况分为两类:第一类为抚顺地区现存满文碑刻,除已经被相关部门登记保存的碑刻外,有新发现或未进行测量研究过的六通满文碑刻,这是本次搜集满文碑刻的重要发现成果。对这类满文碑刻,从形制、体量、文字分布、纹饰等情况进行梳理和汇总,同时结合方志、宗谱、目录、相关著作等对碑刻内容、碑主、归属进行认定。第二类为抚顺地区已经散佚的满文碑刻,通过相关文献钩沉采集,对碑体已经不存的满文碑刻进行著录,进一步丰富完善抚顺地区满文碑刻的相关信息。

抚顺煤田地区矿震特征、灾害机理的综述分析

矿震一直是严重威胁煤炭安全生产需亟待解决的灾害之一。本文通过梳理辽宁省抚顺煤田矿震记录,对该区矿震特征、类型以及诱发成因进行归纳总结,结合抚顺煤田治理研究现状,梳理出有效预防矿震灾害的措施和建议,对有效防治矿震灾害发生,保障生产安全具有一定的参考价值。

抚顺市大豆产业的发展现状、问题及对策

阐述抚顺大豆产业的发展现状,分析大豆产业中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出大豆产业应进一步向规模化、产业化发展的策略,旨在促进抚顺大豆产业持续稳定发展。

2017-2020年抚顺市农村土壤卫生监测结果分析及评价

目的了解2017-2020年抚顺市农村土壤卫生状况,为制定相关政策和评估土壤风险,提供具体的数据。方法监测分析2017年至2020年抚顺市农村土壤卫生的具体数据。随机选择20个监测点进行土壤监测,测定土壤中寄生虫、重金属等相关指标的含量。结果大窝棚村2020年铅含量达到645 mg/kg;中心屯村铅含量达到2035 mg/kg,镉含量达到1.22 mg/kg,其余各项指标均未超标。结论2017-2020年抚顺市农村土壤卫生状况整体良好,但是个别年份个别区域也有超标情况,须持续加强监测,防患于未然。

宝石的可持续设计初探——以抚顺琥珀碎料的首饰设计为例

抚顺琥珀作为一种地域性宝石资源,面临着资源枯竭问题。践行可持续发展之路,依托首饰设计赋能琥珀创新,是撬动抚顺琥珀产业转型的必由之路。本文梳理抚顺琥珀原料及市场现状,以琥珀碎料为切入点,发现其潜在的设计价值;结合碎料加工方法和组构形式,在实验的基础上提出琥珀碎料的设计方法;结合琥珀碎料首饰设计实践论证了抚顺琥珀碎料可持续设计的可行性,力图借助首饰设计为抚顺琥珀可持续发展提供一种新思路。

High precision slope deformation monitoring model based on the GPS/Pseudolites technology in open-pit mine

As the number and geometric intensity of visual satellites are susceptible to large slopes in open-pit mines, we propose integration of GPS/Pseudolites (PLs) positioning technology which can increase the number of visible satellites, strengthen the geometric intensity of satellites and provide a precision solution for slope deformation monitoring. However, the un-modeled systematic errors are still the main limiting factors for high precision baseline solution. In order to eliminate the un-modeled systematic error, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) theory is employed. The multi-scale decomposition and reconstruction architecture are defined here on the basis of the EMD theory and the systematic error mitigation model is demonstrated as well. A standard of the scale selection for the systematic error elimination is given in terms of the mean of the accumulated standardized modes. Thereafter, the scheme of the GPS/PLs baseline solution based on the EMD is suggested. The simulation and experiment results show that the precision factors (DOP) are reduced greatly when PLs is located suitably. The proposed scheme dramatically improves the reliability of ambiguity resolution and the precision of baseline vector after systematic error being eliminated, and provides an effective model for high precision slope deformation monitoring in open-pit mine.

Dynamic phase-mining optimization in open-pit metal mines

Three important aspects of phase-mining must be optimized:the number of phases,the geometry and location of each phase-pit(including the ultimate pit),and the ore and waste quantities to be mined in each phase.A model is presented,in which a sequence of geologically optimum pits is first generated and then dynamically evaluated to simultaneously optimize the above three aspects,with the objective of maximizing the overall net present value.In this model,the dynamic nature of the problem is fully taken into account with respect to both time and space,and is robust in accommodating different pit wall slopes and different bench heights.The model is applied to a large deposit consisting of 2044 224 blocks and proved to be both efficient and practical.

The Utilizing of Agro-climatic Resources and Preventing Measures of Meteorological Disasters in Fushun

Based on the meteorological data in Fushun,Qingyuan and Xinbing from 1961 to 2008,the status quo of major agro-climatic resources in Fushun were analyzed.The abundant rainfall,sufficient sunshine and rich thermal resources were suitable for the development of modern agricultural production.The specific measures of effective use of climate resources were put forward according to geographical location and climatic characteristics of Fushun.The advantages of agro-climate resources were exerted for large edible fungi industry;effective accumulated temperature was applied for adjustment of plantation structure;three-dimensional agriculture in the mountainous area was developed vigorously.The main types of meteorological disasters constraining agricultural development in Fushun and their hazards were summarized,including droughts,floods,hail,etc.In addition,some scientific preventing measures of meteorological disaster were proposed.