It is generally accepted that the history of the expansion of the universe can be exactly described by the concordance model, which makes specific predictions about the shape of the Hubble diagram. The redshift-magnit...It is generally accepted that the history of the expansion of the universe can be exactly described by the concordance model, which makes specific predictions about the shape of the Hubble diagram. The redshift-magnitude Hubble diagram in the redshift range z = 0.0104 - 1 seems to confirm this expectation, and it is believed that this conformity is also valid in the high redshift range. However, this belief is not undisputed. Recent work in the high redshift range of up to z = 8.1 has shown that the shape of the Hubble diagram deviates considerably from the predictions made by the Lambda cold dark matter model. These analyses, however, were based on mixed SN1a and gamma ray burst data, and some astronomers argue that this may have biased the results. In this paper, 109 cosmology-independent, calibrated gamma ray burst z/μdata points are used to calculate the Hubble diagram in the range z = 0.034 to z = 8.1. The outcome of this analysis confirms prior results: contrary to expectations, the shape of the Hubble diagram turns out to be exponential, and this is difficult to explain within the framework of the standard model. The cosmological implications of this unexpected result are discussed.展开更多
Deposition of aggregated protein is associated with many human diseases. The mechanism by which protein aggregate species cause cellular death remains unclear. A profile revealing protein aggregation products under a ...Deposition of aggregated protein is associated with many human diseases. The mechanism by which protein aggregate species cause cellular death remains unclear. A profile revealing protein aggregation products under a diverse set of conditions allows the search of novel aggregate products and potential pathogens. To achieve this end, an isothermal transformation diagram (ITD) of lysozyme aggregation was constructed. AFM, TEM, and Thioflavin T binding assays were used to analyze the aggregate species synthesized under a broad range of pH values, protein concentrations, and incubation times. Four states were found: 1) soluble protein species;2) insoluble amyloid fibers;3) insoluble amorphous aggregates;and 4) protein hydrogels. The hydrogel-a rises from aggregated amyloid fibers. This work is part of an effort to construct an array of ITDs reporting aggregation properties of many disease relevant proteins, including amyloid beta, tau, α-synuclein, and others involved in protein aggregation diseases. In addition, we propose hydrogel cyto toxicity as a potential novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of amyloid diseases.展开更多
The mathematical topological rule was applied to plot the predominance area diagram.Based on the analysis of the mutually conjugated,only two diagrams were the best topological embryonic graphs to build the predominan...The mathematical topological rule was applied to plot the predominance area diagram.Based on the analysis of the mutually conjugated,only two diagrams were the best topological embryonic graphs to build the predominance area diagram of Me-S-O system.Combined with topological rules and thermodynamic calculation,four relation-diagrams were denoted asαandβstable and unstable plane-topological diagrams,which were plotted for the Pb-S-O system and Zn-S-O system.The results show thatβstable plane-topological diagram of Pb-S-O system andαstable one of Zn-S-O system are in accordance with the traditional predominance area diagram,which indicates that it is feasible to plot the predominance area diagram based on mathematical topological rules.Meanwhile,αunstable plane-topological diagram of Pb-S-O system can elucidate the phenomenon that metallic lead exists in higher oxygen and sulfur pressure area in modern bath smelting furnace.The mathematical topological rules broaden the application scope of the predominance area diagram and enrich the practice of its plotting.展开更多
文摘It is generally accepted that the history of the expansion of the universe can be exactly described by the concordance model, which makes specific predictions about the shape of the Hubble diagram. The redshift-magnitude Hubble diagram in the redshift range z = 0.0104 - 1 seems to confirm this expectation, and it is believed that this conformity is also valid in the high redshift range. However, this belief is not undisputed. Recent work in the high redshift range of up to z = 8.1 has shown that the shape of the Hubble diagram deviates considerably from the predictions made by the Lambda cold dark matter model. These analyses, however, were based on mixed SN1a and gamma ray burst data, and some astronomers argue that this may have biased the results. In this paper, 109 cosmology-independent, calibrated gamma ray burst z/μdata points are used to calculate the Hubble diagram in the range z = 0.034 to z = 8.1. The outcome of this analysis confirms prior results: contrary to expectations, the shape of the Hubble diagram turns out to be exponential, and this is difficult to explain within the framework of the standard model. The cosmological implications of this unexpected result are discussed.
文摘Deposition of aggregated protein is associated with many human diseases. The mechanism by which protein aggregate species cause cellular death remains unclear. A profile revealing protein aggregation products under a diverse set of conditions allows the search of novel aggregate products and potential pathogens. To achieve this end, an isothermal transformation diagram (ITD) of lysozyme aggregation was constructed. AFM, TEM, and Thioflavin T binding assays were used to analyze the aggregate species synthesized under a broad range of pH values, protein concentrations, and incubation times. Four states were found: 1) soluble protein species;2) insoluble amyloid fibers;3) insoluble amorphous aggregates;and 4) protein hydrogels. The hydrogel-a rises from aggregated amyloid fibers. This work is part of an effort to construct an array of ITDs reporting aggregation properties of many disease relevant proteins, including amyloid beta, tau, α-synuclein, and others involved in protein aggregation diseases. In addition, we propose hydrogel cyto toxicity as a potential novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of amyloid diseases.
基金Project(2011AA061003) supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘The mathematical topological rule was applied to plot the predominance area diagram.Based on the analysis of the mutually conjugated,only two diagrams were the best topological embryonic graphs to build the predominance area diagram of Me-S-O system.Combined with topological rules and thermodynamic calculation,four relation-diagrams were denoted asαandβstable and unstable plane-topological diagrams,which were plotted for the Pb-S-O system and Zn-S-O system.The results show thatβstable plane-topological diagram of Pb-S-O system andαstable one of Zn-S-O system are in accordance with the traditional predominance area diagram,which indicates that it is feasible to plot the predominance area diagram based on mathematical topological rules.Meanwhile,αunstable plane-topological diagram of Pb-S-O system can elucidate the phenomenon that metallic lead exists in higher oxygen and sulfur pressure area in modern bath smelting furnace.The mathematical topological rules broaden the application scope of the predominance area diagram and enrich the practice of its plotting.
