Optimization of Extraction Technology of Ellagic Acid from Pomegranate Peels with Orthogonal Experiment

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal condition for extrac- tion of ellagic acid from pomegranate peels. [Method] With ellagic acid yield as an indicator, ultrasound extraction method was adopted to extract the ellagic acid from pomegranate peels, and the concentration of ellagic acid was measured by using ul- traviolet spectrophotometry; L9（34） orthogonal experiment was designed with four fac- tors at three levels, to investigate the effect of extraction temperature, extraction du- ration, solid-liquid ratio and ultrasound power on extraction rate of ellagic acid. [Re- sult] The optimal extraction condition for ellagic acid is extraction temperature of 30 ~C, solid-liquid ratio of 1：200, extraction duration of 20 min, and ultrasound power of 50 W. The relationship between primary and secondary factors affecting experimental indicators was solid-liquid ratio 〉 extraction duration 〉 ultrasound power 〉 extraction temperature. [Conclusion] Solid-liquid ratio has the maximum effect on extraction rate of ellagic acid. The ellagic acid extraction technology identified in this study is rea- sonable and feasible.

EXPERIMENT STUDY ON SPEED RATIO CONTROL OF METAL V-BELT TYPE CVT

Based on the control scheme of force and position, the controlling andtesting system of metal V-belt type CVT is developed. Having taken account of the complex nonlinearcharacteristics of the CVT shift dynamics and the saturation and nonlinear characteristics of thespeed ratio control valve, the speed ratio fuzzy controller based on the speed ratio feedback isdesigned. The experiment results show that the developed speed ratio control system is practical andfeasible.

基于AHP-FUZZY的实验教学质量综合评价

实验教学质量是高校特别是地方本科院校教学质量保证的一个重要内容。借鉴国内外实验教学管理先进经验,运用层次分析法细致分析影响实验教学质量的多种因素,优化确定了评价指标体系及权重系数,然后通过模糊评价方法建立了实验教学质量综合评价模型。实例验证分析表明,基于AHP-FUZZY的评价模型可客观、公正、有效地评价实验课程教学质量,从而有利于完善实验教学质量监控体系,提高实验教学质量。

Fuzzy-PID多模控制在金属热处理恒温炉中的应用

温控系统具有非线性、大滞后和大惯性,很难用精确的数学语言描述。金属热处理对炉温的调节时间、超调量和静差都有较高的要求,用常规的PID定值算法时,参数选择很难做到最优匹配,从而影响控制效果。提出了一种多模分段控制方法来综合比例控制、模糊控制和比例-积分控制的优点,通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真和实验,证明在动态性能和静态性能等方面均具有良好的表现。

HYBRID FUZZY CONTROL FOR ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC ACTIVE DAMPING SUSPENSION

A new control scheme, the hybrid fuzzy control method, for active dampingsuspension system is presented. The scheme is the result of effective combination of the statisticaloptimal control method based on the statistical property of suspension system, with the bang-bangcontrol method based on the real-time characteristics of suspension system. Computer simulations areperformed to compare the effectiveness of hybrid fuzzy control scheme with that of optimal dampingcontrol, bang-bang control, and passive suspension. It takes the effects of time-variant factorsinto full account. The superiority of the proposed hybrid fuzzy control scheme for active dampingsuspension to the passive suspension is verified in the experiment study.

Design Method for the Magnetic Bearing Control System with Fuzzy-PID Approach

The five degree freedom magnetic bearing is researched and its structure and working principles are introduced also. Based on the fuzzy control technology, combining fuzzy algorithm and PID control method, identifying the transition process mode of the online system to get the PID parameters＇ self-adjusting, the magnetic beating system＇s Fuzzy-PID nonlinear controller is designed by analyzing the system control demands. The Fuzzy-PID nonlinear controller can deal with the magnetic bearing system＇ s open loop instability and strong nonlinearity, and the approach could improve the system＇s rapidity, adaptability, stability and dynamic characteristics. Comparative analysis and experiments are conducted between linear PID and nonlinear fuzzy- PID control methods, the results show that the fuzzy-PID controller is better, and the five-freedom magnetic bearing＇ s rotary precision experiments are conducted by the fuzzy-PID controller, it satisfies the control rotary precision demands and realizes the hearing＇s steady floating and rotating.

Development of single-chip fuzzy controller based on FFSI in binary

Length and concise structure of fuzzy logic reasoning program and its real-time reasoning characteris-tic have their effect on the performance of a digital single-chip fuzzy controller. The control effect of a digitalfuzzy controller based on looking up fuzzy control responding table is only relative to the table and not relative tothe fuzzy control rules in the practical control process. Aiming at above problem and having combined fuzzy log-ic reasoning with digital operational characteristics of a single-chip microcomputer, functioning-fuzzy-subset in-ference (FFSI) in binary, in which triangle membership functions of error and error-in-change are all represen-ted in binary and singleton membership functions of control variable is binary too, has been introduced. The cir-cuit principle plans of a single-chip fuzzy controller have been introduced for development of its hardware, andthe primary program structure, fuzzy logic reasoning subroutine, serial communication subroutine with PC andreliability design of the fuzzy controller are all discussed in detail. The control of indoor temperature by a fuzzycontroller has been conducted using a testing-room thermodynamic system. Research results show that the FFSIin binary can exercise a concise fuzzy control in a single-chip fuzzy controller, and the fuzzy controller is there-fore reliable and possesses a high performance-price ratio.

Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Based on Longitudinal Force Estimation for Electro-mechanical Braking Systems using BLDC Motor

This paper focuses on the controller design using fuzzy sliding mode control(FSMC)with application to electro-mechanical brake(EMB)systems using BLDC Motor.The EMB controller transmits the control signal to the motor driver to rotate the motor.The torque distribution of motors is studied in this paper actually.Firstly,the model of the EMB system is established.Then the state observer is developed to estimate the vehicle states including the vehicle velocity and longitudinal force.Due to the fact that the EMB system is nonlinear and uncertain,a FSMC strategy based on wheel slip ratio is proposed,where both the normal and emergency braking conditions are taken into account.The equivalent control law of sliding mode controller is designed on the basis of the variation of the front axle and rear axle load during the brake process,while the switching control law is adjusted by the fuzzy corrector.The simulation results illustrate that the FSMC strategy has the superior performance,better adaptability to various types of roads,and shorter braking distance,as compared to PID control and traditional sliding mode control technologies.Finally,the hardware-in-loop(HIL)experimental results have exemplified the validation of the developed methodology.

基于Fuzzy理论的产品UE量化分析

通过建立用户体验模型,得到丰富的体验数据,必须对其进行量化分析,Fuzzy数学理论为该数据的分析提供了模糊评判的标准,使产品设计部门更直观地了解消费者的体验。

Calcium Carbonate Lab Scale Continuous Carbon Dioxide-jet Controlled Production Following Fuzzy Logic Model

In this paper, lab scale production carried out of calcium carbonate in 400 mL open cylindrical beaker reactor following fuzzy logic approach is reported. 10 grams of Calcium hydroxide is mixed in 250 mL deionized water. Continuous jet supply of carbon dioxide is maintained at controlled flow rate. Reaction histories are noted for different reaction temperatures. Continuous constant magnetic stirring is applied to maintain homogeneity. The data obtained is fuzzified by constructing universe of discourse of temperature, reaction time, and amounts of reactants with reaction conversion. Rule based model is tabulated and results show that fuzzy logic approach is promising to set on data to plan and scale up the process. It is also found that a jump can not be made at this time with few studies of fuzzy logic applications to physiochemical processes unless otherwise amassing and storing up plentiful deduced explorations.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Gust Response Alleviation Using Neuro-fuzzy Control Law for a Flexible Wing Model

Two kinds of neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control laws are designed for a flexible large-aspect-ratio wing model. Simulations and comparisons of random gust alleviation using the two control laws are performed. Based on the better neuro-fuzzy control law,experiments and simulations of sinusoidal gust alleviation using one-control-surface control system and two-control-surface control system are developed. The investigations show that the two kinds of neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control laws can alleviate random gust responses effectively. The neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control law including a modifying factor is better than the other one without it. Further,the better one has good effects on the sinusoidal gust alleviation at different frequencies and flow velocities. The two-control-surface control system has better effects on gust response alleviation than the one-control-surface control system when the gust is strong. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. These results can be usefully referenced to the design of actual gust alleviation control systems.

基于玻璃化转变的稻谷干燥变温控制系统设计与试验

针对稻谷在变温干燥过程中变温节点不明确、温度波动范围大和响应时间慢等问题,该研究设计了一种基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温干燥控制系统。根据稻谷玻璃化转变曲线,确定变温控制策略,运用Logistic回归分析建立混配阀门开度和稻谷温度之间的控制模型并通过最小二乘法辨识模型参数。利用遗传算法对模糊隶属度函数进行优化,目标函数值迭代至0.118收敛,寻得最优幅宽。在Simulink仿真试验中,稻谷温度设定为42℃时,模糊PID控制的响应时间为66.43 s,且超调量为3.600%,优化后的模糊PID控制响应时间为37.06 s,且超调量为0.120%;在150 s加入5 s的外部信号干扰,优化后的模糊PID控制比模糊PID控制的调节时间少4.19 s且超调量减小0.050%;在稳态时输入升温信号,优化后的模糊PID控制比模糊PID控制的调节时间少16.79 s且超调量低0.338%。利用自主研制的干燥试验台进行变温试验,在变温响应试验中,优化后的模糊PID控制比模糊PID控制在目标温度和梯度升温调节时间中分别缩短了37.56 s和18.63 s;在温度稳定性试验中,稻谷温度变化范围为41.9~42.1℃,平均相对误差小于0.4%,变异系数小于0.5%;在建三江国家农业高新技术示范区浓江农场进行生产性验证,优化后的模糊PID控制系统响应时间小于30 s,稳态温度误差在±0.15℃,平均相对误差小于0.5%。测试数据表明变温干燥控制系统性能稳定,满足实际干燥作业的生产工艺需求。

下横置变刚度叶片弹簧式半主动悬架设计研究

通过对叶片簧模态分析及中性文件编制,设计出下横置可变刚度叶片弹簧式半主动推杆悬架,叶片弹簧在与车身不同点固定处的垂向刚度分别为:-2907.3N/mm、2107.2N/mm、708.7N/mm、708.7N/mm;悬架传力模型分析表明:车身侧倾角加速度与叶片弹簧与车身安装处位置到弹簧中心处的距离平方成反比;论文提出一种双模糊控制算法,40km/h绕桩计算显示:底盘高刚度模式下俯仰角加速度、侧倾角加速度、横摆角加速度稳定性能指标分别提升89.4%、53.2%、18.2%;针对50km/h FSAE赛车失稳现象提出下双横置叶片弹簧悬架优化方案,最终稳定性能指标分别提升82.3%、85.2%、41.1%。

数字化时代商业模式与顾客旅程如何带来积极顾客体验——基于NCA与fsQCA混合方法分析

数字化时代顾客体验方式发生了巨大变化,通过改善顾客体验吸引顾客成为企业提升竞争力的关键。现有研究大多关注单一要素对顾客体验的净效应,而忽视多要素对于顾客体验的组态效应。本文采用NCA与fsQCA混合方法,以服务型企业为对象,研究数字化(深度及广度)、商业模式(新颖性与效率性)与顾客旅程(主题连贯性、设计一致性及场景敏感性)等多因素组合引致顾客实用体验与享乐体验的多重路径。基于258份有效问卷的实证分析发现:简单追求数字化不一定能引致积极顾客体验;商业模式的高新颖性和高效率性有助于引致积极顾客体验,反之则易引致消极顾客体验;主题连贯性和场景敏感性“一高一低”的条件组合也能引致积极顾客体验;积极实用体验和积极享乐体验可同时发生。研究结论对于正确认识数字化的广度与深度对于顾客体验的差异化影响、科学有效地设计顾客旅程和不断优化商业模式具有一定理论与现实意义。

电力系统保护与控制实验评定体系构建

以专业认证为发展契机,探讨了实验评定体系对实验教学的重要性。在对几种常见的成绩评定方法探索的基础上,引入了改进模糊层次分析法,将实验评定体系分解成目标层、准则层、指标层进行定性与定量分析,使用MATLAB进行求解,得到了影响评定体系的各因素权重,并用模糊综合评价法得出学生的最终成绩。结果表明基于改进模糊层次分析法的电力系统保护与控制实验评定体系使实验成绩更加科学与全面,促进了教学目标的达成。

Application of fuzzy analytical method in the optimization of liposome preparation by orthogonal experiments

A new statistical method, the fuzzy analytical method, was introduced in the optimization processes of liposome preparation. It took the full advantage of the information from orthogonal experiments to obtain the optimal liposome preparation conditions by considering all the evaluation indexes. Liposomes were made by the modified reverse-phase evaporation method and the properties of liposomes including size, encapsulation efficiency and physical stability were selected as the evaluation indexes to indicate the quality of liposomes. The experimental data of these properties were analyzed by three different methods including direct observation, variance analysis and fuzzy analytical method. The optimal preparation conditions obtained from these methods were validated with further experiments. The results of all possible combinations of levels for all factors in orthogonal experiments were acquired by the fuzzy analytical method. All evaluation indexes were taken into account and the optimal preparation condition was obtained. The optimal preparation conditions from direct observation and fuzzy analytical method were different and further validation studies indicated that the optimal conditions obtained from the fuzzy analytical method were in agreement with that from traditional statistical analysis. Fuzzy analytical method avoided the problem resulted from the traditional method, in which different levels of the same factor were obtained when considering different evaluation indexes. More information could be obtained from the fuzzy analytical method and the blind area within the experimental range was eliminated. As a result, fuzzy analytical method can be applied in the optimization processes of liposome preparation.

响应面法优化高品质茶叶木炭烘焙参数

【目的】优化茶叶的木炭烘焙工艺,为高品质茶叶木炭烘焙提供理论参考依据,为茶叶烘焙智能化提供基础。【方法】利用模糊数学矩阵分析原理,以模糊感官综合评价分作为响应值,烘焙温度、摊平厚度、烘焙时间为自变量,设立三因素三水平试验组合,拟合线性回归模型,通过响应面法对茶叶木炭烘焙工艺进行优化,并通过实际烘焙试验进行验证;测量茶叶主要香气成分含量、主要生化成分含量,分析试验工艺对茶叶品质的影响,进一步验证二次回归模型的可靠性。【结果】结合实际修整后的最佳组合参数:烘焙温度为82℃、摊平厚度为3 cm、烘焙时间为126 min;茶叶主要香气成分有反-橙花叔醇、法尼烯、植物醇、吲哚,其含量多少与香气等级相符;主要生化成分有茶多酚、可溶性糖、氨基酸、咖啡碱,其含量多少与汤色、滋味等级相符,感官评价结果与评价体系相吻合。【结论】建立的高品质茶叶木炭烘焙工艺的感官评价标准合理,感官评价模型可靠性强,试验结果能够真实地反映木炭烘焙最佳工艺。

基于用户体验的游戏论坛APP界面设计研究

在当前游戏产业快速发展的背景下,游戏论坛APP界面设计已经不符合大众要求。因此,文章基于用户体验,深入发掘游戏论坛APP界面的用户需求,构建用户游戏论坛APP界面用户体验模型,从本能层、行为层、反思层剖析游戏论坛APP界面设计方法,最终提出游戏论坛APP界面优化设计方案,并且通过案例对比验证了该设计方法的有效性。通过文章的研究,以期为优化游戏论坛APP用户体验提供范例参考。

PMSM自适应分数阶滑模控制器设计

针对传统滑模控制的控制性能随着永磁同步电机运行参数的变化而急剧恶化,导致转速抖振大、电流谐波和转矩脉动等问题,设计一种新颖的模糊自适应分数阶趋近律滑模速度控制器。首先,结合分数阶理论和一般幂次趋近律函数设计了一种新颖的自适应分数阶趋近律,并通过正交实验来分析自适应参数的水平。其次,利用模糊控制器在线调整参数,增强了控制器的鲁棒性。由于模糊控制的引入会带来了更大的电流谐波,使用最优占空比的电流预测控制代替传统电流内环PI控制器。最后,搭建仿真模型并与传统幂次趋近律滑模控制器进行对比,仿真结果表明,本文提出控制器的三相电流谐波降低了7.93%,突加负载后的转速降落减小了31.2%,鲁棒性更强。

响应面法和模糊数学联用优化葛粉鱼丸制备工艺

以信阳南湾鱼、葛根为原料制备葛粉鱼丸,以期丰富鱼丸制品预制菜的产品类型。以感官评分和质构参数为评价指标,研究葛粉、葱姜汁、玉米淀粉、食盐、蔗糖的添加量对葛粉鱼丸品质的影响,通过模糊数学模型建立感官评价体系与响应面实验联用对葛粉鱼丸的制备工艺进行优化,并对优化后葛粉鱼丸的理化指标和微生物指标进行测定。结果表明,当葛粉添加量(以鱼肉质量计)为7.9%、葱姜汁添加量为90%、玉米淀粉添加量为6.0%、食盐添加量为2.1%、蔗糖添加量为1.20%时,所得葛粉鱼丸风味独特,感官评分可达90.6分,弹性可达3.63 mm,颜色雪白,脂肪含量为2.11 g/100 g,蛋白质含量为12.13 g/100 g,挥发性盐基氮含量和致病菌数量均在国家标准规定的范围内,是一种低脂肪、高蛋白质、安全可食用的鱼丸制品。