Definition,measuring methods and status of carbon information disclosure in Chinese enterprises

From the perspective of carbon disclosure goal,the paper defined the detail types of contents about carbon information disclosure,then constructed the carbon information disclosure index,by using the indices to 2011 annual report of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Security Exchange,we found that Chinese enterprises' carbon disclosure scattered,industry structure quite different characteristics,quantity information and quality information asymmetry.

The Optimal Precursors for ENSO Events Depicted Using the Gradientdefinition-based Method in an Intermediate Coupled Model

The predictability of El Ni-o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been an important area of study for years. Searching for the optimal precursor (OPR) of ENSO occurrence is an effective way to understand its predictability. The CNOP (conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation), one of the most effective ways to depict the predictability of ENSO, is adopted to study the optimal sea surface temperature (SST) precursors (SST-OPRs) of ENSO in the IOCAS ICM (intermediate coupled model developed at the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences). To seek the SST-OPRs of ENSO in the ICM, non-ENSO events simulated by the ICM are chosen as the basic state. Then, the gradient-definition-based method (GD method) is employed to solve the CNOP for different initial months of the basic years to obtain the SSTOPRs. The experimental results show that the obtained SST-OPRs present a positive anomaly signal in the western-central equatorial Pacific, and obvious differences exist in the patterns between the different seasonal SST-OPRs along the equatorial western-central Pacific, showing seasonal dependence to some extent. Furthermore, the non-El Ni-o events can eventually evolve into El Ni-o events when the SST-OPRs are superimposed on the corresponding seasons;the peaks of the Ni-o3.4 index occur at the ends of the years, which is consistent with the evolution of the real El Ni-o. These results show that the GD method is an effective way to obtain SST-OPRs for ENSO events in the ICM. Moreover, the OPRs for ENSO depicted using the GD method provide useful information for finding the early signal of ENSO in the ICM.

A NOTE ON COMPARISON THEOREM OF TWO-STAGE ITERATIVE METHOD FOR HERMITIAN POSITIVE DEFINITE LINEAR SYSTEMS

We discuss two-stage iterative methods for the solution of linear systemAx = b, and give a new proof of the comparison theorems of two-stage iterative methodfor an Hermitian positive definite matrix. Meanwhile, we put forward two new versionsof well known comparison theorem and apply them to some examples.

THE PARALLEL MULTISPLITTING METHOD FOR CONSISTENT SYMMETRIC POSITIVE(SEMI-)DEFINITE SYSTEMS

Main resultsTheorem 1 Let A be an n×n symmetric positive semidefinite matrix and let

Positive-Definite Sparse Precision Matrix Estimation

The positive-definiteness and sparsity are the most important property of high-dimensional precision matrices. To better achieve those property, this paper uses a sparse lasso penalized D-trace loss under the positive-definiteness constraint to estimate high-dimensional precision matrices. This paper derives an efficient accelerated gradient method to solve the challenging optimization problem and establish its converges rate as . The numerical simulations illustrated our method have competitive advantage than other methods.

THEORY AND METHOD FOR WETLAND BOUNDARY DELINEATION

Based on the analysis of the subjectivity of wetland boundary criteria and their causes at present, this paper suggested that, under the condition that the mechanism of wetland formation process has not been understood, "black box" method of System Theory can be used to delineate wetland boundaries scientifically. After analyzing the difference of system construction among aquatic habitats, wetlands and uplands, the lower limit of rooted plants was chosen as the lower boundary criterion of wetlands. Because soil diagnostic horizon is the result of the long-term interaction among all environments, and it is less responsive than vegetation to short-term change, soil diagnostic horizon was chosen as the indicator to delineate wetland upper boundary, which lies at the thinning-out point of soil diagnostic horizon. Case study indicated that it was feasible using the lower limit of rooted plants and the thinning-out point of soil diagnostic horizon as criteria to delineate the lower and upper boundaries of wetland. In the study area, the thinning-out line of albic horizon was coincident with the 55.74m contour line, the maximum horizon error was less than 1m, and the maximum vertical error less than 0.04m. The problem on wetland definition always arises on the boundaries. Having delineated wetland boundaries, wetlands can be defined as follows: wetlands are the transitional zones between uplands and deepwater habitats, they are a kind of azonal complex that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water, with the lower boundary lying at the lower limit of rooted plants, and the upper boundary at the thinning-out line of upland soil diagnostic horizon.

About the Reliability of Particle in Cell Methods and the Notion of a“Local”Temperature of Ionized Species Around a Spacecraft in the Ionosphere

The development of space science has generated important computer codes for the simulation of the interaction between complex space structures(artificial satellites,solar panels,etc.)and the surrounding plasma.The basic equation to be solved is the Poisson equation for the electric potential around a structure.Here,we try to study analytically the shadowing effect of a spacecraft on an electrode for the electron number density and the electron temperature.We suggest that the electron temperature should be taken as a variable and not as a parameter.However,its computation involves the knowledge of the histogram of the distribution of the frequencies of the electron velocities inside the computational cells.Also,we have illustrated the possibilities of artefacts due to the design and geometry of scientific instruments for the measurement of the electron number density and the electron temperature in the ionosphere.We suggest an optimal design for an electrode and its guard ring.

Preconditioned Iterative Methods for Algebraic Systems from Multiplicative Half-Quadratic Regularization Image Restorations

Image restoration is often solved by minimizing an energy function consisting of a data-fidelity term and a regularization term.A regularized convex term can usually preserve the image edges well in the restored image.In this paper,we consider a class of convex and edge-preserving regularization functions,i.e.,multiplicative half-quadratic regularizations,and we use the Newton method to solve the correspondingly reduced systems of nonlinear equations.At each Newton iterate,the preconditioned conjugate gradient method,incorporated with a constraint preconditioner,is employed to solve the structured Newton equation that has a symmetric positive definite coefficient matrix. The eigenvalue bounds of the preconditioned matrix are deliberately derived,which can be used to estimate the convergence speed of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method.We use experimental results to demonstrate that this new approach is efficient, and the effect of image restoration is reasonably well.

长持时地震动对建筑结构抗震影响的研究进展

该文综述了长持时地震动作用下建筑结构抗震性能的研究进展。介绍了长持时地震动的定义和特性;梳理了长持时地震动作用下建筑结构数值模拟、试验研究和理论分析的研究进展;详细综述了长持时地震动作用下建筑结构的延性性能、耗能能力、易损性和抗倒塌性能的研究进展。此外,介绍了考虑长持时地震作用影响的建筑结构抗震设计方法,梳理了国内外建筑结构抗震设计规范对长持时地震作用的考虑方法,并对长持时地震动作用下建筑结构抗震性能的研究进行了展望。建议关注长持时地震动作用下建筑结构的抗震性能,进一步研究长持时地震动的定义和特性,改进长持时地震动作用下建筑结构的数值模拟、理论分析和试验研究方法,深入探讨长持时地震动作用下各类建筑结构的地震响应、易损性和抗倒塌性能,为未来结构抗震设计及评估中考虑长持时地震作用的影响和规范修订提供参考。

PROPERTIES AND ALGORITHM ON PRECONDITIONED CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD

Some properties of the preconditioned gradient conjugate method are given.It may happen that loss of significant digits, when the norm of residual is very small. To avoid this, a variant algorithm which does not use the residual is put forward.

基于等效松弛与交替方向乘子法的岸电系统优化调度

船舶在不同系泊方式下岸电系统电气参数频繁变化,同时岸电能量优化时存在目标函数非光滑、约束条件非线性、非凸等问题,通过引入辅助变量实现目标函数非光滑项的等效松弛,利用半正定规划与交替方向乘子法实现船舶在不同接线方式下的最优调度,满足安全性与经济性保障。算例仿真表明,所提方法针对船舶径向连接与多船并靠连接混合模态共存条件下均表现突出,对于异构岸电系统共存的实际应用场景具备较好的工程实用性。

数字文献的定义与要素:一种概念分析

数字文献是数字时代文献研究的基础性要素。文章针对国内外关于数字文献概念存在的内涵模糊、表达不全面和容易混淆等问题对数字文献进行概念构建,首先提出数字文献的定义,其次识别出数字文献概念涵盖的核心要素,最后展望数字文献概念的发展趋势。研究通过明确数字文献的概念,为数字文献研究提供清晰的理论支撑,也为文献学领域概念构建提供一种方法论支持。

国家地缘影响力概念内涵及测度方法

概念体系是某一学科领域乃至学科的核心支撑,具体来讲是本领域的专业名词。地缘影响力是从国家权力或国家影响力概念衍生出来用以表征国家或政治行为体之间地缘关系参量的重要概念之一。结合地理科学和国际政治思维方法,利用归纳演绎和对比分析,界定了地缘影响力的概念内涵,分析了其实施动态过程及其构成,构建了其测度指标体系和测度模型,对地缘环境基础理论研究进行了有益探索。研究结论表明:1)地缘影响力不同于权力和国家影响力,是基于一定地理位置,在空间关系制约条件下,由国家实力、地缘利益驱动以及与受影响国家或地区之间的互动等因素共同引发而形成的一种作用力,2)实施地缘影响力的动态过程涉及多个环节,主要由内源力、外驱力、互动力和制约力等要素构成,其作用特性主要表现为不均衡性、强制性和距离衰减规律等,3)地缘影响力可以用测度指标、作用强度等要素进行评价,其测度指标表现为动态过程各个环节的影响因子,每个因子作用权重不同,其作用强度可用地缘影响力模型计算而得。

MBSE在动车组转向架失稳检测系统架构设计中的应用

针对传统的动车组转向架失稳检测系统研制过程中出现设计数据追溯性差、模型复用性低、难以保证设计信息一致性,以及缺乏系统整体设计理念等一系列问题,将基于模型的系统工程(Modelbased system engineering,MBSE)应用于动车组转向架失稳检测系统的设计。在Arcadia建模方法的基础上,结合功能定义分析方法对动车组转向架失稳检测系统进行架构设计:通过运行分析、系统分析、逻辑架构分析和物理架构分析4个层次建立其失稳检测系统“黑盒”到“白盒”的架构模型;通过识别功能、表达功能和评估功能3个环节对功能进行定义分析,并借助状态机仿真方式验证最终架构的逻辑正确性。研究表明:在动车组转向架失稳检测系统架构设计过程中,采用基于模型的系统工程方法建立的模型具有可追溯性和可复用性,可以在设计早期对系统进行整体设计,降低决策风险,对动车组转向架的研发有着积极的推动作用。

基于分析质量源于设计理念的鱼腥草芩蓝合剂水提浓缩液中7种化学成分的定量研究

该研究基于分析质量源于设计理念,建立了测定鱼腥草芩蓝合剂水提浓缩液中绿原酸、隐绿原酸、槲皮苷、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、汉黄芩素、黄芩素含量的高效液相色谱法。使用鱼骨图识别可能影响方法属性的方法参数,通过确定性筛选设计明确关键方法属性为槲皮苷与前后峰的分离度和最后一个色谱峰的保留时间。首先采用加权决定系数法筛选出关键方法参数为第一梯度结束时间、第三梯度结束时间、第四梯度结束时间、柱温、流速,随后通过逐步回归法建立关键方法参数与关键方法属性之间的定量模型,模型的决定系数(R2)值超过0.90。采用不达标概率值定量表征不同参数组合下的风险大小,根据风险大小确定方法可操作设计区域,并成功验证了其可靠性。确定的色谱条件为:Sunshell-C_(18)(150 mm×4.6 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.60%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱,检测波长为260 nm和326 nm,流速0.80 mL/min,柱温39.0℃,进样量10μL。对优化后的分析方法进行方法学验证,方法线性良好,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验结果良好,相对标准偏差均在5.0%以内,7种成分的平均回收率为92.6%~106%,相对标准偏差在2.0%内。

考虑电源与负荷间存在非正定相关性的概率潮流计算方法研究

随着电动汽车等新型电力系统负荷类型的出现,电源和负荷间的相关性日趋复杂,针对利用Cholesky分解完成概率潮流计算会受电力系统电源和电力系统负荷之间相关矩阵影响的问题,即随着相关矩阵维度的增加相关矩阵变为非正定,最终导致潮流计算无法进行的问题。文章提出一种新颖的处理相关性矩阵非正定的半不变量法,将修正Barzilai-Borwein梯度法与Nataf变换相结合,解决变量间相关矩阵非正定问题,并在IEEE-33节点系统中分析新型电力系统各类电源和负荷相关性对计算结果的影响,验证文章所提方法准确性。

基于物性结构理论的材料因子表述与配列研究——以《当代汉语学习词典》定义式释义为例

物性结构理论为词汇表征提供了基本范式,同时为名物词所用定义式释义方式“种差”的选用与配列提供了研究手段。文章对《当代汉语学习词典》定义式释义进行研究,以含材料因子的定义式释义为研究对象,发现在材料因子的表述模式上,《当代汉语学习词典》存在着多样化的特点;在材料因子与其他释义因子组合的配列框架上,《当代汉语学习词典》虽选用多种配列框架,但内部存在着较强的规律性。

基于视觉传达优化的低清晰度船舶图像复原研究

针对图像复原易出现复原图像颜色视觉特征失真问题,提出基于视觉传达优化的低清晰度船舶图像复原方法。该方法通过帧扫描方法,提取低清晰度船舶图像视觉传达信息的像素二维特征;使用基于最大后验概率的高分辨率船舶图像重组方法,将所提取低清晰度船舶图像视觉传达信息的像素二维特征,进行高分辨率特征重组,并引入基于视觉颜色模型的视觉传达效果优化复原方法,优化高分辨率特征重组后复原图像的颜色视觉传达效果。实验数据验证:该方法对低清晰度海域通行船舶监控图像复原处理后,图像视觉传达效果得到明显提升,且复原后船舶图像峰值信噪比、结构相似性指数接近1,图像特征失真小;复原后图像颜色特征显著性指数最大值达1.0,颜色特征细节显著性得以改善。

辞格定义新论

辞格定义,历来都有分歧意见。定义是认识世界的基础,只有通过清晰准确的定义,我们才能真正理解事物的本质。辞格定义的科学性对推进辞格研究的深入有重要的作用。通过梳理辞格的有代表性的不同定义,结合对辞格分歧意见的辨析给辞格下了新的定义。

汽车后视镜概论与设计

文章介绍了汽车后视镜的组成、材料、安装、性能和实验等基本特性和要求。针对后视镜在整车开发中的设计风险、装配风险,提出以阶段交付为设计方法,结合后视镜的造型、周边件的设计、安全法规、整车工程、内部布置、制造装配等相关因素,定义后视镜各阶段的交付内容,以实现对汽车后视镜概论与设计的总体描述,为整车后视镜工程师优化设计和规避设计风险提供参考。