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A High Efficiency Hardware Implementation of S-Boxes Based on Composite Field for Advanced Encryption Standard
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作者 Yawen Wang Sini Bin +1 位作者 Shikai Zhu Xiaoting Hu 《Journal of Computer and Communications》 2024年第4期228-246,共19页
The SubBytes (S-box) transformation is the most crucial operation in the AES algorithm, significantly impacting the implementation performance of AES chips. To design a high-performance S-box, a segmented optimization... The SubBytes (S-box) transformation is the most crucial operation in the AES algorithm, significantly impacting the implementation performance of AES chips. To design a high-performance S-box, a segmented optimization implementation of the S-box is proposed based on the composite field inverse operation in this paper. This proposed S-box implementation is modeled using Verilog language and synthesized using Design Complier software under the premise of ensuring the correctness of the simulation result. The synthesis results show that, compared to several current S-box implementation schemes, the proposed implementation of the S-box significantly reduces the area overhead and critical path delay, then gets higher hardware efficiency. This provides strong support for realizing efficient and compact S-box ASIC designs. 展开更多
关键词 Advanced Encryption standard (AEs) s-BOX Tower Field Hardware Implementation Application specific Integration Circuit (AsIC)
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一种基于随机求反的S盒抗DPA攻击安全结构
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作者 胡晓婷 戴泽龙 +1 位作者 覃中平 巩固 《计算机技术与发展》 2024年第11期109-116,共8页
DPA攻击(差分功耗攻击)作为一种重要的侧信道攻击方法,因其成功率较高而成为加密算法面临的主要威胁之一。S盒是分组加密算法(高级加密标准(AES)、国产商业密码(SM4)等)中唯一的非线性运算,很大程度上决定了相关加密算法的安全性。S盒... DPA攻击(差分功耗攻击)作为一种重要的侧信道攻击方法,因其成功率较高而成为加密算法面临的主要威胁之一。S盒是分组加密算法(高级加密标准(AES)、国产商业密码(SM4)等)中唯一的非线性运算,很大程度上决定了相关加密算法的安全性。S盒的实现主要分为:查表法、组合逻辑和复合域方法。复合域方法因将S盒中的GF(28)域上的求逆运算分解到低阶域上而使其硬件实现具有高性能、低面积等优势。该文提出了一种基于随机求反的复合域S盒抗DPA攻击安全结构,并据此设计了两类抗DPA攻击的AES安全结构:一种是基于随机取反的AES安全结构(RC-AES安全结构),另一种是基于随机取反与一阶掩码结合的AES安全结构(RC-M-AES安全结构)。实验证明,相较于已知文献中基于掩码保护的AES,该文提出的RC-AES结构只需增加微小的面积开销就能有效抵抗DPA攻击,展现出显著的面积优势。同时,RC-M-AES安全结构能在微小面积开销下,构建出比单独掩码方案更安全的密码芯片结构。此外,提出的S盒安全结构不仅适用于AES,也适用于任何以替换函数作为唯一非线性运算的加密算法,具有较好的通用性。 展开更多
关键词 复合域 s 随机求反 抗DPA攻击 安全结构 高级加密标准
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The Effects of Standardized Ginkgo Biloba Extracts (GBE) on Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) in Middle-Aged Adults: A Review 被引量:1
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作者 Joerg Gruenwald Anne Eckert Reto W. Kressig 《Advances in Aging Research》 2020年第3期45-65,共21页
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as the presence of self-reported cognitive complaints with unimpaired performance in neuropsychological cognitive tests. SCD has been identified as a precursor of mild cog... Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as the presence of self-reported cognitive complaints with unimpaired performance in neuropsychological cognitive tests. SCD has been identified as a precursor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and potentially represents the earliest clinical sign of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Standardized extracts of Ginkgo biloba (GBE) are widely used as a treatment for cognitive impairment. Nonetheless, most of the available review articles focus on the effects of GBE in MCI and dementia but not in SCD and its specific cognitive effects. Thus, this review collects and discusses the available published clinical data for the effects of standardized GBE on the early stages of cognitive decline among an age group where SCD becomes a topic—the middle-aged adults. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of standardized GBEs in cognitive decline subjects were searched using PubMed/MEDLINE, Science direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar until January 2019. Data from relevant RCT were critically evaluated to determine the potential effects of GBE on SCD. The results showed that the number of available GBE studies on SCD is small. Eight studies were selected in which subjects reported memory impairment, in some cases with concerns (worries), and with an average age at onset SCD of 60 years. Six studies gave a proof of efficacy for GBE for the treatment of SCD in at least one cognitive parameter. One study is inconclusive, however, a post-hoc analysis demonstrates efficacy in preventing AD with intake >4 years. The most common GBE dosage used was 240 mg GBE/day over a minimum period of 8 weeks. Hence, there might be beneficial effects of GBE to prevent, improve or delay SCD in the generation of 50 years or older. However, larger, well-defined RCTs using SCD criteria are necessary to further substantiate this effect in SCD subjects. 展开更多
关键词 sUBJECTIVE Cognitive DECLINE (sCD) Memory GINKGO Biloba standardized Extract(s) (GBE) LI1370 EGB 761
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Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China(SAC) 被引量:3
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《China Standardization》 2011年第1期29-29,共1页
1. To draft and revise the state laws and regulations on standardization, to formulate and implement the policies on standardization; to formulate the national administrative rules on standardization and develop relev... 1. To draft and revise the state laws and regulations on standardization, to formulate and implement the policies on standardization; to formulate the national administrative rules on standardization and develop relevant systems; to organize the implementation of laws, rules and systems on standardization: 展开更多
关键词 sAC IEC standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China
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The Construct of the Story Continuation Writing Task: Insights From the China’s Standards of English Language Ability 被引量:1
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作者 Wei YE Wei REN Shan ZHENG 《Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics》 2021年第3期382-398,432,共18页
Although the story continuation writing task(SCWT) has attracted much research attention, few studies have investigated the construct of the task, particularly with respect to which language competence it focuses on. ... Although the story continuation writing task(SCWT) has attracted much research attention, few studies have investigated the construct of the task, particularly with respect to which language competence it focuses on. In addition, although some studies have demonstrated that China’s Standards of English Language Ability(CSE) provides comprehensive insights into the development of Chinese learners’ English language proficiency, little research has investigated the relationship between CSE and SCWT. This study drew upon the CSE to develop an SCWT language use inventory to address the above research gaps. A total of 358 high school students were asked to complete the questionnaire, of which 277 valid responses were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis(EFA) on the CSE-based questionnaire revealed the presence of six factors, namely language correctness, language variety, task planning, connecting-and-generating, selecting-andmining, and organizing. The strategy of connecting-and-generating was the only significant predictor of the learners’ SCWT scores. The paper also discusses the findings relating to the SCWT rating and other integrated writing tasks. 展开更多
关键词 story continuation writing task(sCWT) China’s standards of English Language Ability(CsE) CONsTRUCT integrated writing
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Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of N-methylnorephedrine C11H17NO(s)
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作者 Di You-Ying Wang Da-Qi +1 位作者 Shi Quan Tan Zhi-Cheng 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第8期2859-2866,共8页
This paper reports that low-temperature heat capacities of N-methylnorephedrine C11H17NO(s) have been measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from T=78K to T=400K. A solid ... This paper reports that low-temperature heat capacities of N-methylnorephedrine C11H17NO(s) have been measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from T=78K to T=400K. A solid to liquid phase transition of the compound was found in the heat capacity curve in the temperature range of T=342-364 K. The peak temperature, molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion of the substance were determined. The experimental values of the molar heat capacities in the temperature regions of T=78-342 K and T=364-400 K were fitted to two poly- nomial equations of heat capacities with the reduced temperatures by least squares method. The smoothed molar heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of N-methylnorephedrine C11H17NO(s) relative to the standard refer- ence temperature 298.15 K were calculated based on the fitted polynomials and tabulated with an interval of 5 K. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound at T=298.15 K was measured by means of an isoperibol precision oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the sample was calculated. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was determined from the combustion enthalpy and other auxiliary thermodynamic data through a Hess thermochemical cycle. 展开更多
关键词 N-methylnorephedrine C11H17NO(s heat capacity constant-volume energy of combus-tion standard molar enthalpy of formation
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Comparison of Dose-dense ABVD and Standard ABVD in the Treatment of Early Unfavorable and Advanced Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Retrospective Analysis
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作者 陶云霞 孙三元 +4 位作者 康愫意 周立强 石远凯 李晔雄 孙燕 《Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)》 SCIE CAS 2014年第2期260-264,共5页
This retrospective analysis compared standard regimen of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vin- blastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) with the dose-dense ABVD regimen (ABVD-21) in terms of effi- cacy and toxicity. Patients who h... This retrospective analysis compared standard regimen of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vin- blastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) with the dose-dense ABVD regimen (ABVD-21) in terms of effi- cacy and toxicity. Patients who had early-stage unfavorable or advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) according to German Hodgkin Study Group criteria from March 1999 to February 2011 were ana- lyzed for treatment response, long-term survival and hematological toxicity. There were 85 patients in the ABVD-21 group and 118 patients in the ABVD group respectively. The complete remission rates aider completion of treatment were 92.9% and 90.7% for ABVD-21 and ABVD, respectively. During a median follow-up period of 62 months, no significant difference was found in projected 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates (84.7% and 94.1% respectively for ABVD-21; 81.4% and 91.5% for ABVD). Subgroup analyses showed that ABVD-21 was signifi- cantly better than ABVD for patients with IPS〉3 in terms of PFS and OS rates. Grade 3 to 4 leuko- penia (51.8% vs. 28.8%, P=0.001) and neutropenia (57.6% vs. 39.0%, P=0.009) were more common with ABVD-21. We were led to conclude that dose-dense ABVD did not result in better tumor con- trol and overall survival than did ABVD for early-stage unfavorable HL. However, patients at high risk, for example, with IPS〉3, may benefit from dose-dense ABVD. 展开更多
关键词 dose-dense ABVD standard ABVD Hodgkin's lymphoma retrospective analysis
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First Forum on China Casting Quality Standards & Overview of Revision History of China's National/Industrial Standards for Foundry Operations
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《China Foundry》 SCIE CAS 2009年第3期276-279,共4页
  Both national and local governments have been paying great attention to the work of industrial standardization with the enormous increase in international trade after China joined WTO. According to the standards r...   Both national and local governments have been paying great attention to the work of industrial standardization with the enormous increase in international trade after China joined WTO. According to the standards revising plan of Standardization Administration Committee of China (SAC),TC54 has already revised a series of national standards and industrial standards for foundry operations,and proposed some new ones. As a result,some old fashioned standards containing low-level techniques have been gradually discontinued or replaced with new versions.…… 展开更多
关键词 In First Forum on China Casting Quality standards Overview of Revision History of China’s National/Industrial standards for Foundry Operations GB
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Intensity of the Reverse Sexual Double Standards in Females and Males and Possible Factors
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作者 QI Liqing 《Psychology Research》 2022年第6期347-354,共8页
Despite past researches on the sexual double standards(SDS),recent research has found that another type of sexual double standard exists,which is the reverse sexual double standard(i.e.reverse SDS,which means that men... Despite past researches on the sexual double standards(SDS),recent research has found that another type of sexual double standard exists,which is the reverse sexual double standard(i.e.reverse SDS,which means that men are judged more harshly than women in comparative sexual behaviors).According to previous researchers,the reverse SDS may stem from women’s worry about being infected by transmitted sexual diseases,women’s preference for men’s virginity in sexual behaviors,and the shift in attitude towards men’s sexual behaviors.Also,women tend to judge men’s sexual behaviors based on men’s attractiveness(body appearance and financial status).The present study investigated people’s implicit endorsement of the reverse SDS among 200 adults in Shanghai(20 to 50 years old,110 women,90 men)using the Implicit Association Test(IAT)with a priming procedure to limit participants’awareness including different levels of men’s body appearance and financial status.Additionally,SDSS(sexual double standard scale)was used to measure the explicit endorsement for the reverse SDS.According to my results,adults in Shanghai endorsed both an implicit and explicit reverse SDS,but women tend to endorse it more strongly than men.Also,when men are more attractive,women will judge them less harshly.These results indicate that the reverse SDS also exists in men.Implications and limitations are indicated for future researchers to call for attention to the reverse SDS and gender equality. 展开更多
关键词 sexual double standard reverse sexual double standards implicit association test women’s judging factors sexual double standard scale
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首批N,S-二乙酰半胱氨酸国家药品对照品的研制
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作者 刘景坤 张斗胜 +2 位作者 范慧红 任丽萍 廖海明 《中国药事》 CAS 2024年第11期1295-1300,共6页
目的:研制首批N,S-二乙酰半胱氨酸国家药品对照品,用于氨基酸类药品有关物质的检查,控制相关药品质量,保证患者用药安全。方法:采用高效液相色谱、红外吸收光谱、高分辨质谱及核磁共振谱对N,S-二乙酰半胱氨酸化学结构进行确证,检查其水... 目的:研制首批N,S-二乙酰半胱氨酸国家药品对照品,用于氨基酸类药品有关物质的检查,控制相关药品质量,保证患者用药安全。方法:采用高效液相色谱、红外吸收光谱、高分辨质谱及核磁共振谱对N,S-二乙酰半胱氨酸化学结构进行确证,检查其水分、炽灼残渣、无机离子、残留溶剂、有关物质等杂质的含量,采用液相色谱法、核磁共振谱定量法及质量平衡法对其含量进行测定和计算,并采用质量平衡法对其含量进行赋值,考察了其引湿性、均匀性和短期稳定性。结果与结论:试验确证了N,S-二乙酰半胱氨酸的分子结构,测得水分为0.05%,无机离子为0.21%,有关物质为0.90%,未检出残留溶剂。以质量平衡法赋值首批N,S-二乙酰半胱氨酸对照品,含量为98.8%。本批次对照品含量分布均匀,试验结果证明N,S-二乙酰半胱氨酸短期内稳定。 展开更多
关键词 N s-二乙酰半胱氨酸 对照品 结构确证 有关物质 质量平衡法
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The Key Technical Points and Main Characteristics of the New National Standard of Magnitude
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作者 Liu Ruifeng Wang Liyan 《Earthquake Research in China》 CSCD 2018年第3期301-314,共14页
The New Magnitude National Standard of General Rules for Earthquake Magnitude( GB17740-2017) is the state mandatory standard. It was released on May 12,2017,by the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspect... The New Magnitude National Standard of General Rules for Earthquake Magnitude( GB17740-2017) is the state mandatory standard. It was released on May 12,2017,by the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China and the Standardization Administration of the Peoples Republic of China. This paper introduces the necessity of revising the national standard of magnitude,and the main contents,technical points and primary features of the new national standard of magnitude,so that it can be applied better in practice. 展开更多
关键词 Local MAGNITUDE M L surface WAVE MAGNITUDE M s Body WAVE MAGNITUDE M b MOMENT MAGNITUDE M W National standard
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China's Standardization and ISO's Strategy
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作者 Wang Zhong Min 《China Standardization》 2004年第5期16-18,共3页
关键词 IsO China’s standardization and IsO’s strategy WORK sAC
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Outlook on China's Food Standards
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作者 Wu Weihua 《China Standardization》 2004年第2期11-15,共5页
关键词 In 2003 Outlook on China’s Food standards GB
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Research of Social Problems under Global Vision, Local Consciousness and People's Standard --Take analysis of the design intention of individual account as example
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作者 Wang Min Min Zhu Yi 《International English Education Research》 2015年第5期78-80,共3页
In the study of social problems, it is important to realize the organic combination of global view, local people standard,, which plays an important role in handing and understanding specific social problems undoubted... In the study of social problems, it is important to realize the organic combination of global view, local people standard,, which plays an important role in handing and understanding specific social problems undoubtedly. This article takes our country's public pension personal account as example ,analyzing how to realize the combination of all three in the whole research process of the individual account. 展开更多
关键词 global view native consciousness people's standard individual account
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China's First UHVAC project conferred “demonstrative standardization project”
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作者 Liu Chunsheng 《Electricity》 2010年第1期3-,共1页
On December 14, 2009, the National Standardization Management Commission, China Electricity Council and the State Grid Corporation jointly
关键词 GRID test China’s First UHVAC project conferred demonstrative standardization project
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Standard Model Masses Explained
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作者 T. R. Mongan 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2021年第7期983-987,共5页
The Standard Model of particle physics requires nine lepton and quark masses as inputs, but does not incorporate neutrino masses required by neutrino oscillation observations. This analysis addresses these problems, e... The Standard Model of particle physics requires nine lepton and quark masses as inputs, but does not incorporate neutrino masses required by neutrino oscillation observations. This analysis addresses these problems, explaining Standard Model particle masses by describing fundamental particles as solutions of Einstein’s equations, with radii 1/4 their Compton wavelength and half of any charge on rotating particles located on the surface at each end of the axis of rotation. The analysis relates quark and lepton masses to electron charge and mass, and identifies neutrino masses consistent with neutrino oscillation observations. 展开更多
关键词 standard Model Masses spherical Fundamental Particles Einstein’s Equations
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Standards highlighted in China's first “hydrogen energy week”
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《China Standardization》 2018年第1期4-4,共1页
The 2nd Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Industry Development Summit and ISO/TC 197 Strategic Planning Meeting,the1st International Expo on Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology and Product,hosted by China National Institute of Sta... The 2nd Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Industry Development Summit and ISO/TC 197 Strategic Planning Meeting,the1st International Expo on Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology and Product,hosted by China National Institute of Standardization and ISO/TC 197,was inaugurated in Foshan city,Guangdong province on December 6,2017.The event lasted for four days,and it is the first series of"Hydrogen Energy Week"activities in China.The theme of the event is"hydrogen industry,hydrogen life,hydrogen tomorrow". 展开更多
关键词 standards highlighted in China’s first hydrogen energy week
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China's High Performance Computer Standard Commission Established
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《China Standardization》 2007年第4期40-,共1页
  China's High Performance Computer Standard Commission was established on March 28, 2007, under the guidance of the Science and Technology Bureau of the Ministry of Information Industry. It will prepare relevan...   China's High Performance Computer Standard Commission was established on March 28, 2007, under the guidance of the Science and Technology Bureau of the Ministry of Information Industry. It will prepare relevant professional standards on high performance computers to break through the monopoly in the field by foreign manufacturers and vendors.…… 展开更多
关键词 HIGH China’s High Performance Computer standard Commission Established
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The reference of competition on RFLD standards for China's RFLD industry
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作者 Sun Jian Chen Qiming Wei Zhong Wang Minli 《China Standardization》 2006年第1期40-45,共6页
关键词 RFID The reference of competition on RFLD standards for China’s RFLD industry
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Ji Zhengkun,Administrator of Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China(SAC)
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《China Standardization》 2011年第1期8-12,共5页
Mr, Ji Zhengkun is the Administrator of the SAC, serves as a member of the Party Leadership Group of the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), he has appointed to this posi... Mr, Ji Zhengkun is the Administrator of the SAC, serves as a member of the Party Leadership Group of the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), he has appointed to this position since 2008. Mr. Ji is a senior engineer, graduated from Tianjin Universit34, majoring in precision instrument. He ever took the positions of the deputy director in the department of policies and regulations and the department of quality in the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision respectively. Then he took on the secretary-general for the CPC Committee of China Jiliang University After that, he acted as the director of the department of supervision, 展开更多
关键词 sAC Ji Zhengkun Administrator of standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China
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