Fragile Watermarking of 3D Models Using Genetic Algorithms

This paper describes a novel algorithm for fragile watermarking of 3D models. Fragile watermarking requires detection of even minute intentional changes to the 3D model along with the location of the change. This poses a challenge since inserting random amount of watermark in all the vertices of the model would generally introduce perceptible distortion. The proposed algorithm overcomes this challenge by using genetic algorithm to modify every vertex location in the model so that there is no perceptible distortion. Various experimental results are used to justify the choice of the genetic algorithm design parameters. Experimental results also indicate that the proposed algorithm can accurately detect location of any mesh modification.

Three-dimensional multi-constraint route planning of unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude penetration based on coevolutionary multi-agent genetic algorithm

To address the issue of premature convergence and slow convergence rate in three-dimensional (3D) route planning of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-altitude penetration,a novel route planning method was proposed.First and foremost,a coevolutionary multi-agent genetic algorithm (CE-MAGA) was formed by introducing coevolutionary mechanism to multi-agent genetic algorithm (MAGA),an efficient global optimization algorithm.A dynamic route representation form was also adopted to improve the flight route accuracy.Moreover,an efficient constraint handling method was used to simplify the treatment of multi-constraint and reduce the time-cost of planning computation.Simulation and corresponding analysis show that the planning results of CE-MAGA have better performance on terrain following,terrain avoidance,threat avoidance (TF/TA2) and lower route costs than other existing algorithms.In addition,feasible flight routes can be acquired within 2 s,and the convergence rate of the whole evolutionary process is very fast.

An Enhanced Comparative Molecular Field Analysis Method Using Genetic Algorithm

In this study. an automated conformer selection procedure using generic algorithm (GA) has been applied in comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) method. Using genetic algorithm. the 3D-QSAR model is optimized to an optimal one. From the calculation results, a group of QSAR models with high predictive ability can be obtained, which is superior than using conventional CoMFA: meanwhile. the active conformers for these compounds in data set can be determined fi om the best model.

考虑打印件排布的3D打印批次规划

针对3D打印批次规划问题,提出一种考虑打印件排布的3D打印批次规划方法。根据3D打印工艺特点,批次规划目标设定为总打印批次及各批次内打印件高度差值最小化。采用顺序编码方式对打印件进行编号,由全部打印件编号组成的整数序列构成问题的可行解集。解码时根据编码顺序将打印件排布于打印机工作台面,当前台面再无法排入时开始下一打印批次排布,从而得到打印批次方案及优化目标函数值。通过预先求得各打印件水平面投影形状的最小包络矩形,将二维形状排布问题简化为矩形排布问题。采用最低水平线法和Bottom-Left规则进行矩形排布,排布过程中重复寻找并更新已排件区域最高轮廓线中的最低水平线段。使用遗传算法搜索问题的最优解,通过算例验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于Design3D的汽轮机低压静叶三维气动优化设计

本文基于商业软件NUMECA的全三维优化设计平台Design3D，采用三维N-S方程流场计算、网格自动生成、三维叶片参数化造型与遗传算法寻优相结合的方法，在级环境下对600MW汽轮机静叶进行了三维叶片型线优化设计，优化目标是在流量基本不变的情况下尽可能的提高级轮周效率。优化设计后的叶片与原叶片相比，透平级的总一总效率提高了0．32％，级的轮周效率提高了O．39％。详细的流场分析表明，优化后叶片性能的提高主要是源于静叶总压损失的减小和透平级动静叶之间匹配的改善。

Fiber Line Optimization in Single Ply for 3D Printed Composites

In conventional manufacturing processes of composites, Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) laminates have been made by stacking unidirectional or woven prepreg sheets. Recently, as a manufacturing process of CFRP, 3D printing of CFRP composites has been developed. The 3D printing process of CFRP composites enables us to fabricate CFRP laminates with arbitrary curvilinear fibre plies. This indicates that the optimization of the in-plane curved carbon fibre placement in a planar ply is strongly required to realize superior 3D printed composites. In the present paper, in-plane curved carbon fibre alignment of a ply with an open hole is optimized in terms of maximization of the fracture strength. For the optimization process, a genetic algorithm is adopted. To describe curved carbon fibre alignments in a planar ply, stream lines of perfect flow is employed. By using the stream lines of the perfect flow, number of optimization parameters is significantly reduced. After the optimization, the fracture strength of CFRP laminate is compared with the results of unidirectional CFRP ply. The curved fibre placement in a planar ply shows superior fracture improvement.

A Case Study of 3D Protein Structure Prediction with Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search

This paper describes a case study of 3D protein structure prediction of six sequences from protein data bank （PDB） by genetic algorithm and tabu search （GATS）, where off-lattice AB model is considered as a simplified model of protein structure. The lowest-energy values required for forming the native conformation of proteins are searched by GATS, and then the coarse structures （i.e., simplified structure） of the proteins are obtained according to the multiple angle parameters corresponding to the lowest energies. All the coarse structures form single hydrophobic cores surrounded by hydrophilic residues, which stay on the right side of the actual characteristic of protein structure. It demonstrates that this approach can predict the 3D protein structure effectively.

Optimization design of multiphase pump impeller based on combined genetic algorithm and boundary vortex flux diagnosis

A novel optimization design method for the multiphase pump impeller is proposed through combining the quasi-3D hydraulic design（Q3DHD）, the boundary vortex flux（BVF） diagnosis, and the genetic algorithm（GA）. The BVF diagnosis based on the Q3DHD is used to evaluate the objection function. Numerical simulations and hydraulic performance tests are carried out to compare the impeller designed only by the Q3DHD method and that optimized by the presented method. The comparisons of both the flow fields simulated under the same condition show that（1） the pressure distribution in the optimized impeller is more reasonable and the gas-liquid separation is more efficiently inhibited,（2） the scales of the gas pocket and the vortex decrease remarkably for the optimized impeller,（3） the unevenness of the BVF distributions near the shroud of the original impeller is effectively eliminated in the optimized impeller. The experimental results show that the differential pressure and the maximum efficiency of the optimized impeller are increased by 4% and 2.5%, respectively. Overall, the study indicates that the optimization design method proposed in this paper is feasible.

Optimized dithering technique in frequency domain for high-quality three-dimensional depth data acquisition

On the basis of the objective functions,dithering optimization techniques can be divided into the intensity-based optimization technique and the phase-based optimization technique.However,both types of techniques are spatial-domain optimization techniques,while their measurement performances are essentially determined by the harmonic components in the frequency domain.In this paper,a novel genetic optimization technique in the frequency domain is proposed for highquality fringe generation.In addition,to handle the time-consuming difficulty of genetic algorithm(GA),we first optimize a binary patch,then join the optimal binary patches together according to periodicity and symmetry so as to generate a full-size pattern.It is verified that the proposed technique can significantly enhance the measured performance and ensure the robustness to various amounts of defocusing.

Multi-objective strategy to optimize dithering technique for high-quality three-dimensional shape measurement

Dithering optimization techniques can be divided into the phase-optimized technique and the intensity-optimized technique. The problem with the former is the poor sensitivity to various defocusing amounts, and the problem with the latter is that it cannot enhance phase quality directly nor efficiently. In this paper, we present a multi-objective optimization framework for three-dimensional(3D) measurement by utilizing binary defocusing technique. Moreover, a binary patch optimization technique is used to solve the time-consuming issue of genetic algorithm. It is demonstrated that the presented technique consistently obtains significant phase performance improvement under various defocusing amounts.

3∶1Au/Si体系晶体结构的理论研究

采用遗传算法与第一性原理相结合的计算方法对富金的Au3Si体系进行全局结构搜索,最低能量结构是一对称性为Amm2空间群的Au6Si2晶胞,且验证了其稳定性,并将其与Au、Si单相结构的性质进行比较研究。态密度和能带计算结果表明,Au6Si2结构中Si的p轨道电子和Au的d轨道电子发生杂化,导致p轨道电子的能级降低,使得能带结构没有带隙。热力学性质显示该Au6Si2结构的熵大于Au和Si单相晶体结构的熵,有存在的可能性。

Optimizing Winding Angles of Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes Based on Progressive Failure Criterion

This paper examines a scheme to optimize the multiple winding angles of reinforced thermoplastic pipes(RTPs)under internal and external pressures.To consider the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the material under changes of winding angle due to deformation,we use three-dimensional(3D)thick-walled cylinder theory with the 3D Hashin failure criterion and theory of the evolution of damage to composite materials,to formulate a model that analyzes the progressive failure of RTPs.The accuracy of the model was verified by experiments.A model to optimize the multiple winding angles of the RTPs was then established using the model for progressive failure analysis and a multi-island genetic algorithm.The optimal scheme for winding angles of RTPs capable of withstanding the maximum internal/external pressure was obtained.The simulation results showed that the ply number of the reinforced layer has a prominent nonlinear effect on the internal and external pressure capacity of the RTPs.Compared with RTPs with a single angle of±55°,the multiple winding angle overlay scheme based on the multi-angle optimization model improved the internal and external pressure capacity of the RTPs,and the improvement in the external pressure capacity was significantly better than the internal pressure carrying capacity.

Numerical modeling and optimization of process parameters in continuous extrusion process through response surface methodology, artificial neural network & genetic algorithm

The product of high complex profile,high strength,high productivity and excellent material properties with infinite length can be produced by Continuous Extrusion(CE)process.The numerical simulation of Aluminum(AA 1100)feedstock material at different wheel velocities,product diameter,feedstock temperature,die temperature and friction condition has been carried out using 3D simulation tool Design Environment for Forming(DEFORM-3D)in this paper.The development of mathematical model is carried out to investigate the influence of wheel velocity,extrusion ratio,feedstock temperature,die temperature and friction conditions on total load required for the deformation and extrusion of feedstock material through Response Surface Methodology(RSM).The statistical significance of mathematical model is verified through analysis of variance(ANOVA).The most optimum value of extrusion load has been found to be 136.4 kN through iterative process of Genetic Algorithm(GA)using Artificial Neural Network(ANN).The optimized value of input process variables for minimum value of extrusion load obtained has been found to be 13 Revolutions per Minute(RPM)as wheel velocity,5 mm as product diameter,0.95 as friction condition,650◦C as feedstock temperature and 550◦C as die temperature.This paper with proposed methodology will be helpful for industries working in the area of CE in terms of minimizing energy consumption during production process of bus bars,tubes,wires,cables,sheets,plates,strips,etc.

三维四向编织复合材料刚度的细观力学设计

为了实现工程应用中三维编织复合材料的灵活设计,合理优化纤维束结构参数使得三维编织复合材料宏观刚度达到要求。基于非连续介质力学方法建立桁架结构单胞模型,采用有限元法预估复合材料的有效弹性模量,以材料质量最轻和刚度要求为目标,选用遗传算法优化细观结构参数。对纱线线密度和编织节距长度的优化结果验证,实验表明,桁架单胞模型结合遗传算法可以为满足弹性性能要求的三维编织复合材料快速地找到最优的细观结构参数。

青藏高原东北缘地壳三维速度结构

本文用1980～2000年M≥1．5的2032个天然地震事件的38052个P、S、Pm、Sm、Pn和Sn震相到时及人工地震测深给出的Moho面形态资料，利用地震层析技术反演了32°～40°N，100°～108°E区城内地壳地震波速度结构．从层析成像图象中可以得到，本区的地壳可分成4个层位．第1层（埋深约在0～3km）为沉积层，速度梯度约为0．2s^-1；第2层（埋深约在3～17km）为上地壳，其顶部速度梯度约为0．1s^-1，下部速度横向变化较大且存在低速块体；第3层（埋深约在17～36km）为中地壳，速度梯度约为0．03s^-1；第4层（埋深约在36km-Moho）为下地壳，是一个契形层，总的趋势是西厚东薄，青藏高原较厚逐渐向部尔多斯地块和扬子准地台方向变薄，各处的地震波速度拂度不尽相同．

水压致裂法三维地应力测量的理论探讨

本文对现有的水压致裂三维地应力测量方法进行了深入的力学分析，在此基础上提出了新的理论模型。新的理论模型采用了最小主应力破坏准则，与现有方法采用的最小切向应力破坏准则相比，更客观的表述了水压致裂过程中的力学机制。为说明该方法的工作步骤及其可行性，文中利用遗传算法反演技术，对假设的地应力状态进行了试算。试算结果表明该方法是可行的。

三维多向编织复合材料纤维束细观结构拓扑优化

三维多向编织复合材料中近似空间网格状的纤维束增强骨架为复合材料及其结构件的性能提供了灵活的可设计性,为充分利用这类复合材料的优越性能,选用遗传算法优化纤维束拓扑结构、纤维束线密度和节矩长度,使三维编织复合材料既满足轴向弹性模量的下限要求,又能使材料的质量和横向泊松比最小。研究结果表明,在建立复合材料空间桁架结构单胞模型与其细观结构几何等价关系的基础上,利用遗传算法不断调用单胞模型刚度有限元计算子程序,可以在满足弹性要求的前提下,为三维多向编织复合材料找到最优的纤维束拓扑结构和细观结构参数。

面向低空突防的三维航路规划仿真研究

该文利用Matlab环境下的仿真工具建立了面向低空突防的三维航路规划系统仿真平台,将三维航路分解为水平方向和垂直方向的两个航路并分别应用改进的遗传算法和适应角法进行规划仿真。最后给出了仿真实例。

飞行器三维航迹规划算法

提出了一种应用改进遗传算法进行飞行器三维航迹规划的方法。航迹由B样条曲线得到,以代表航迹的B样条曲线的控制顶点坐标值作为染色体的基因位进行浮点数编码。在计算染色个体的适应值函数时充分考虑了飞行器的动力约束以及规避障碍能力。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。

基于改进遗传算法的天波超视距雷达二维阵列稀疏优化设计

针对均匀矩形平面阵在2维阵天波超视距雷达(OTHR)工程应用时阵元数目庞大问题,该文提出利用改进遗传算法进行稀疏优化设计的解决办法。从波束赋形角度出发建立了稀疏矩形平面阵的布阵优化模型;以俯仰波束能分辨OTHR多模传播的波达角(DOA)为原则确定了遗传算法的初始种群;为避免遗传进化中出现早熟和随机漫游现象修正了适应度函数;为实现稀疏率精确控制改进了交叉和变异算子。仿真结果表明,该文算法不仅实现了稀疏率的精确控制,同时提高了优化性能。该文最后对2维稀疏阵列在OTHR工程应用时的可行性进行了分析,指出其应用条件和存在的技术难点,并给出了相应的解决方案。