GC/MS analyses of fractionated extraction of Shenfu coal with CS2,n-hexane,benzene

Shenfu coal was extracted with 0S2, n-hexane, benzene sequentially. The extracts were analyzed with GC/MS. It is presented that group seperation of soluble organic compounds in the coal can be achieved by fractionated extraction using different solvents. Main components in CS2 soluble fraction from Shenfu coal are alkyl-substituted arenes. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are overwhelmingly predominant in n-hexane-soluble fraction. Dito tricyclic aramatic hydrocarbons are identified in benzene-soluble fraction. The molecular structures detection of 2, 4, 6-trichlorobenzenamine and 3, 3＇, 4, 4＇, 5, 5＇-hexachloro-1, 1＇- biphenyl and 2-chlorocyclohexanol firstly provide information for existence form of chlorine in coal.

GC/MS Analyses of Thiosemicarbazones Synthesized from Acetophenones: Thermal Decay and Mass Spectra Features

The mass spectral fragmentation of thiosemicarbazones synthesized from acetophenones has been studied by CG/MS. These carbonyl compounds exhibit chromatographic peaks which are not observed in aliphatic analogues or those synthesized from aldehydes. The analysis of the corresponding spectra has allowed structural assignment to the dimerization of gas phase neutral fragments. Theoretical calculations (DFT level) also provide evidence to support the experimental observations.

Analysis of GC×GC fingerprints from medicinal materials using a novel contour detection algorithm:A case of Curcuma wenyujin

This study introduces an innovative contour detection algorithm,PeakCET,designed for rapid and efficient analysis of natural product image fingerprints using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatogram(GC×GC).This method innovatively combines contour edge tracking with affinity propagation(AP)clustering for peak detection in GC×GC fingerprints,the first in this field.Contour edge tracking signif-icantly reduces false positives caused by“burr”signals,while AP clustering enhances detection accuracy in the face of false negatives.The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated using three medicinal products derived from Curcuma wenyujin.PeakCET not only performs contour detection but also employs inter-group peak matching and peak-volume percentage calculations to assess the compositional similarities and differences among various samples.Furthermore,this algorithm compares the GC×GC fingerprints of Radix/Rhizoma Curcumae Wenyujin with those of products from different botanical origins.The findings reveal that genetic and geographical factors influence the accumulation of secondary metabolites in various plant tissues.Each sample exhibits unique characteristic components alongside common ones,and vari-ations in content may influence their therapeutic effectiveness.This research establishes a foundational data-set for the quality assessment of Curcuma products and paves the way for the application of computer vision techniques in two-dimensional(2D)fingerprint analysis of GC×GC data.

Multi-scale Modeling and Finite Element Analyses of Thermal Conductivity of 3D C/SiC Composites Fabricating by Flexible-Oriented Woven Process

Thermal conductivity is one of the most significant criterion of three-dimensional carbon fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites(3D C/SiC).Represent volume element(RVE)models of microscale,void/matrix and mesoscale proposed in this work are used to simulate the thermal conductivity behaviors of the 3D C/SiC composites.An entirely new process is introduced to weave the preform with three-dimensional orthogonal architecture.The 3D steady-state analysis step is created for assessing the thermal conductivity behaviors of the composites by applying periodic temperature boundary conditions.Three RVE models of cuboid,hexagonal and fiber random distribution are respectively developed to comparatively study the influence of fiber package pattern on the thermal conductivities at the microscale.Besides,the effect of void morphology on the thermal conductivity of the matrix is analyzed by the void/matrix models.The prediction results at the mesoscale correspond closely to the experimental values.The effect of the porosities and fiber volume fractions on the thermal conductivities is also taken into consideration.The multi-scale models mentioned in this paper can be used to predict the thermal conductivity behaviors of other composites with complex structures.

Design,preparation,application of advanced array structured materials and their action mechanism analyses for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely commercial application and development of LSB is mainly hindered by serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),slow reaction kinetics,notorious lithium dendrites,etc.In various structures of LSB materials,array structured materials,possessing the composition of ordered micro units with the same or similar characteristics of each unit,present excellent application potential for various secondary cells due to some merits such as immobilization of active substances,high specific surface area,appropriate pore sizes,easy modification of functional material surface,accommodated huge volume change,enough facilitated transportation for electrons/lithium ions,and special functional groups strongly adsorbing Li PSs.Thus many novel array structured materials are applied to battery for tackling thorny problems mentioned above.In this review,recent progresses and developments on array structured materials applied in LSBs including preparation ways,collaborative structural designs based on array structures,and action mechanism analyses in improving electrochemical performance and safety are summarized.Meanwhile,we also have detailed discussion for array structured materials in LSBs and constructed the structure-function relationships between array structured materials and battery performances.Lastly,some directions and prospects about preparation ways,functional modifications,and practical applications of array structured materials in LSBs are generalized.We hope the review can attract more researchers'attention and bring more studying on array structured materials for other secondary batteries including LSB.

基于GC-IMS和GC-MS技术结合化学计量法分析干燥方式对香椿挥发性成分的影响

为研究干燥方式对香椿挥发性风味物质的影响,利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术(gaschromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)、相对香气活性值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)对真空冷冻干燥、热泵干燥、热风干燥、微波真空干燥的香椿样品进行挥发性成分分析,并进一步结合化学计量方法主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA),探究样品间挥发性成分的差异性。结果表明,通过GC-IMS检测到78个峰,鉴定出59种化合物。通过GC-MS鉴定出94种挥发性化合物,主要挥发性成分是硫化物、烯烃类和醛类。经过干燥后总挥发性化合物的含量显著降低。通过ROAV法确定了(E,Z)-二-1-丙烯基二硫化物、2-巯基-3,4-二甲基-2,3-二氢噻吩、正己醛、2-己烯醛、丁香酚等为香椿样品中关键香气化合物。PCA和PLS-DA结果表明,不同干燥方式的样品与新鲜样品有明显的分离,彼此之间也有明显的区别。鲜样和真空冷冻干燥样品为一组,其他3个干燥香椿样品为一组。根据变量投影重要性(variable importance in projection,VIP)得分共筛选出10种(VIP>1)标志挥发性化合物。干燥方式对香椿风味特性影响显著,真空冷冻干燥组与鲜样最为接近,考虑实际应用热泵干燥为香椿最适宜的脱水方式。本研究为热加工过程中风味品质控制提供一定的理论参考。

GC-MS结合电子鼻技术对不同茶区茉莉花茶香气的差异比较

为探究不同产区茉莉花茶香气差异,采用气相色谱-质谱(GasChromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)结合电子鼻(Electronic Nose,E-nose)技术对西南、华南、江南三大茶区的8种茉莉花茶进行香气研究。结果表明,8个样品共鉴定出香气成分58种,其中西南、江南、华南茶区分别为45种、51种、47种。江南茶区香气化合物总量最高。共有香气成分主要包括邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、顺式-3-己烯醇苯甲酸酯、乙酸苄酯、水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、吲哚等。其中水杨酸甲酯在江南茶区含量最高(22.32μg/g),分别较华南、西南茶区高33.96%、68.01%;邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯(67.39μg/g)和吲哚(43.84μg/g)含量在华南茶区最高。茉莉花茶香气评价指数(JasmineTea Flavor Index,JTF index)分析表明西南茶区样品等级最高。香气聚类分析将共有香气成分分为3类,分别呈花香、茉莉花香和草木香。通过电子鼻技术可知样品香气物质变化与硫化物、碳氢化合物、芳香化合物有关,并能有效区别样品香气。综上,三大茶区样品香气种类差异不明显,但各香气成分含量差异显著(P<0.05),江南和华南茶区的样品特征性香气成分含量较高,西南茶区样品综合指数高。

SPME-HS-GC-MS与电子鼻分析不同产地多花酒黄精气味特征

目的:分析不同产地多花酒黄精的气味特征,为产地判别、分析方法改进提供依据。方法:以11个产地的多花酒黄精细粉为研究样品,采用固相微萃取-顶空进样-气质联用法(SPME-HS-GC-MS)分析多花酒黄精挥发性成分,采用电子鼻智能感官评定技术分析多花酒黄精气味雷达图,采用主成分(PCA)、Loadings方法分析电子鼻信号响应结果,构建产地判别模型。结果:SPME-HS-GC-MS法结果共鉴别出32个挥发性成分,其中19个差异性挥发性成分可用于8个产地的区分。电子鼻结果表明,主成分判别分析能较好地区分不同产地多花酒黄精,多花酒黄精在气味上的差异主要体现在芳香成分,氮氧化合物、氨类、烷烃、甲烷等短链烷烃、无机硫化物、有机硫化物等。结论:不同产地多花酒黄精的气味特征存在差异,可作为产地判别依据。电子鼻技术可为多花酒黄精分析及质量标准提供简单、快速的新方法。

HS-GC-MS联用测定河南传统西瓜豆酱中的挥发性成分

以河南传统发酵的西瓜豆酱为研究对象,采用自动顶空进样-气质联用(HS-GC-MS)法测定其挥发性成分。通过单因素试验分别考察了平衡温度、平衡时间、震动频率及样品氯化钠的添加量对挥发性成分的影响。结果表明,平衡温度90℃,平衡时间50 min,震动频率6次/秒,不添加氯化钠为测定较优条件。在此条件下,鉴定出自然发酵西瓜豆酱中挥发性成分有10类共82种,其中醇类12种,酯类10种,烯烃类14种,醛类6种,酮类8种,醚类4种,酸类1种,烷烃类10,含N化合物7种和其他10种。相对含量较高的是烯烃类、醛类和醇类,分别为23.848%,22.537%和19.743%,三者之和占挥发性成分总量的66.12%,其次是酯类和酮类,分别占11.945%和6.839%,这三种成分对河南传统西瓜豆酱的特征风味起着至关重要的作用。

不同厂家水基胶挥发性物质的GC-IMS差异分析

目的快速分析不同厂家水基胶中的挥发物特性。方法采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)联用技术对各种水基胶中的挥发性物质进行定性分析;结合生物指纹图谱、主成分分析(PCA)法以及欧式距离分析法对不同水基胶样品进行差异对比分析。结果水基胶中共识别出88种挥发性化学物质,涵盖酯类、酮类、醇类、醛类、杂环类、酸类、芳香类、醚类、萜类、酰胺类和腈类等11大类别,其中酯类物质占据显著比例,达26种,占总挥发性物质的38%~46%。结论采用GC-IMS技术结合生物指纹图谱、PCA以及欧式距离分析,能够有效区分不同厂家水基胶样品,同时同一厂家不同规格样品之间显示出较高的相似性;GC-IMS技术为不同厂家水基胶的快速溯源鉴别及挥发性物质差异分析提供了有力工具。

SPE-GC-FPD法测定三七中甲基对硫磷残留量

目的:为更好地控制三七质量,拟建立三七中甲基对硫磷的GC-FPD检测方法。方法:采用超声提取固相萃取法、GC-FPD检测。结果:方法回收率在62.52%~118.49%,精密度RSD为3.597%,标准偏差符合检测要求,满足农药残留检测的要求。

闽南产罗勒不同部位挥发油的GC-MS成分分析及其抑菌活性比较

目的对闽南产罗勒不同部位挥发油的成分进行分析及抑菌活性比较。方法通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取闽南产罗勒不同部位(种子、叶、根、茎)的挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,鉴定其化学成分组成;并以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌作为鉴定菌,采用滤纸片扩散法比较罗勒四个部位挥发油的体外抗菌活性。结果从闽南产罗勒种子、叶、根、茎分别鉴定出30、26、16和26种挥发性化合物;种子和叶片的抑菌活力显著,根部和茎部的抑菌活性弱。结论罗勒种子和叶子在化学成分种类和主成分含量上相近,并表现出对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌相当的抑菌活性;根、茎部挥发油的抑菌力弱。

GC-MS分析大莪术根茎挥发油成分

文章分析了大莪术根茎挥发性成分,并探究不同加工方法对其成分的影响,为大莪术的加工工艺筛选和进一步的研究开发提供实验依据。利用冷冻干燥和真空干燥处理新鲜的大莪术根茎样品,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取大莪术挥发油,应用GC毛细管柱进行分离、质谱检测、面积归一化法测定相对含量,分析其挥发性化学成分。由于不同干燥方法加工大莪术根茎挥发油的组分绝大部分相同,但是相对含量存在一定差异。实验证明,大莪术根茎主要含有表莪术呋喃烯酮、β-榄香烯、β-桉叶醇、吉马酮、莪术双环烯酮、蓬莪术环氧酮、莪术烯、β-石竹烯等挥发性成分,均具有一定的生理活性,具有广泛的开发前景。

基于GC-MS和快速气相电子鼻对我国东北地区代表性粳米香气组分分析

为探究我国东北地区4种代表性粳米(香米五优稻4号、绥粳18和非香米龙粳31、盐丰47)香气组分差异,通过顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)和快速气相电子鼻(Flash GC e-nose)技术对粳米香气组分进行鉴定。研究采用正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)和层次聚类分析(HCA)等方法对4种粳米香气组分进行分析,结果表明,4种粳米的主要香气组分构成类似,以己醛、壬醛等醛类为主;五优稻4号主要香气成分含量显著(P≤0.05)高于其他3个品种粳米,使得其香气更加浓郁;关于粳米香气组分鉴定技术,GC-MS技术的准确度和检测范围优于电子鼻技术,而检测效率低于电子鼻技术。

Characterization of terpenoids and norisoprenoids from base and retail Qingke Baijiu by GC×GC-TOFMS and multivariate statistical analysis

Qingke(highland barley)Baijiu is a special Chinese Baijiu which is mainly produced from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Since the pine board is used as the bottom of the fermentation pit,we deduced that the terpenoids and norisoprenoids in pine board might be introduced into Qingke Baijiu.Thus,the terpenoids and norisoprenoids in Qingke Baijiu were investigated by headspace solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME)combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS).The results showed thatγ-terpinene(0.70-530.72μg/L),α-phellandrene(0.34-256.66μg/L),longicyclene(0-38.55μg/L),α-pinene(1.21-35.54μg/L)and limonene(0.93-23.69μg/L)were the top 5 terpenoids/norisoprenoids in Qingke Baijiu.Pulegone was detected and reported for the first time in Baijiu,and the concentrations in Qingke Baijiu were 0.78μg/L(fresh)and 3.90μg/L(7 years old).According to the principal component analysis(PCA)plot,young,aged,and retail Qingke Baijiu could be differentiated clearly.Fold change(FC)and t-tests analysis indicated thatβ-pinene,γ-terpinene,andα-selinene were the most different terpenoids/norisoprenoids between young and aged Qingke Baijiu,and longifolene was the most different terpenoids/norisoprenoids between base and retail Qingke Baijiu.The terpenoids and norisoprenoids,such as(E)-β-ionone,isoborneol andβ-cyclocitral,could be potential markers indicating the ageing process of Qingke Baijiu.

鼻吸能量棒中挥发性成分的GC-MS法检验

鼻吸能量棒在中小学生中的风靡引起社会各界的普遍关注和极大担忧,对其成分进行检验可为明确其是否具有身体危害性提供依据。利用固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对收集到的15个品牌21种不同气味的30个鼻吸能量棒样品进行检验,共检出69种化合物,除包装标明的樟脑、冰片、薄荷脑所含有的左旋樟脑、右旋樟脑、龙脑、异龙脑、薄荷醇等主要成分外,还检出化妆品行业常用溶剂C11、C12、C13、C16的异构烷烃和丰富的烯烃、酯类、醇类、醛类等植物精油、合成香料原料及中间体成分。对相同品牌不同气味、不同品牌相同气味的鼻吸能量棒检出成分进行综合分析和分类比对,结果表明,鼻吸能量棒成分复杂,含量各异,且与包装标示不符,长期滥用能够危害人的身体健康,加之使用方式有诱导吸毒的负面示范效应,急需规范整治。

超声辅助-GC-MS联用分析斯里兰卡桂叶油挥发性成分

采用超声辅助萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用法(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分析斯里兰卡桂叶油中挥发性成分。结果表明,①斯里兰卡桂叶油中共检测出32种挥发性成分,包含烯烃类、酚类、酯类、醇类、醛酮类、杂环类化合物;②其中酚类化合物总含量最高,为23.05 mg/g,占总挥发性物质的81.10%;③斯里兰卡桂叶油中含量较高的物质为丁香酚(23.05 mg/g)、苯甲酸苄酯(1.04 mg/g)、芳樟醇(0.53 mg/g)、氧化石竹烯(0.43 mg/g)、反式肉桂醛(0.15 mg/g)。

GC/LC-Q/TOF MS测定当归中农药残留及膳食风险评估

采用气相色谱/液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(GC/LC-Q/TOF MS)对100例市售当归样品进行了989种农药残留分析,按照风险排序法对检出农药的风险等级进行归类,采用点评估法评估了检出农药的慢性、急性膳食摄入风险,危害指数法(HI)计算了累积风险值。100例当归的总检出率为95%,共检出27种农药,其中甲拌磷和毒死蜱的检出率较高,农药残留量为0.0010~1.4077 mg/kg。依据《中国药典(2020年版)》和GB 2763-2021,检出农药中只有甲拌磷、甲基异柳磷、特丁硫磷有最大残留限量(MRL)值,其中甲拌磷的超标率最高。风险排序结果表明,高风险农药为甲拌磷、特丁硫磷、甲基异柳磷。膳食摄入风险和累积风险结果显示,检出农药的慢性膳食摄入风险(%ADI)和急性膳食摄入风险(%ARfD)平均值分别为0.2908%和0.0978%,均远低于100%;慢性累积暴露危害指数(HIc)和急性累积暴露危害指数(HIa)分别为0.06689和0.01173,均远小于1,慢性和急性膳食摄入风险及累积风险均处于可接受水平。当归中检出农药的膳食摄入和累积暴露的风险均较低,但仍需加强对农药使用的监管,建议制定当归中检出的中等风险农药的MRL值。

基于GCS评分的Nomogram图预测急性脑出血后卒中相关性肺炎的发生风险

目的 通过构建Nomogram预测模型,探讨急性脑出血后发生卒中相关性肺炎(SAP)的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2018-01—2022-12平顶山学院第一附属医院神经外科、重症医学科及神经重症的1 050例急性脑出血患者的临床资料,先根据GCS评分进行感染率的分层分析,然后运用组间差异性比较及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选SAP的独立危险因素,应用R语言构建Nomogram预测模型,并对构建的模型进行评价。结果 急性脑出血患者中SAP发生率为35.9%,其中GCS评分3~8分患者为77.21%,GCS评分9~12分患者为30.81%,GCS评分13~15分患者为6.50%,各组间感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归显示,年龄、GCS评分、入院时随机血糖、淋巴细胞绝对值及手术治疗均为SAP独立危险因素,以这5个危险因素构建的Nomogram预测模型可帮助临床医师预测急性脑出血后SAP发生风险,具有较高的准确性和临床适用性。结论 基于GCS评分构建的Nomogram预测模型能够在疾病早期阶段准确高效地对急性脑出血患者发生SAP的风险进行分层,识别出易发生SAP患者的高风险人群,从而采取有针对性的干预措施。

GC-MS/MS测定中药中13个挥发性有机化合物

目的:建立一种测定经大孔树脂制备提取的中药中正己烷、苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲苯、氯苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、苯乙烯、1,2-二乙苯、二乙烯苯、萘13个挥发性有机化合物的通用方法。方法:采用气相色谱-质谱法测定供试品中13个挥发性有机化合物,以多反应监测模式采集数据。结果:对1批三七总皂苷、2批蒺藜皂苷提取物、2批银杏叶提取物、2批到手香提取物、2批到手香糖足愈合膏、1批益心酮片,合计10批样品进行测定。其中检出部分挥发性有机化合物,检测指标合格,安全风险较低。结论:建立的方法便捷、准确度高、灵敏度强,可用于经大孔树脂提取制备的中药提取物或制剂中挥发性有机化合物残留量的快速筛查和检测,可为中药质量安全监管提供参考。