With the rapid expansion of GEPs(genetically engineered plants), people are more and more concerned about the ecological risks brought by their release. Assessing the effect of GEPs on soil microbial ecology is indisp...With the rapid expansion of GEPs(genetically engineered plants), people are more and more concerned about the ecological risks brought by their release. Assessing the effect of GEPs on soil microbial ecology is indispensable to study their ecological risks. In our study, the phospholipids fatty acid(PLFA) method was used to analyze the microbial community of soil samples collected from fields with two types of GEPs_Bt transgenic corn and PVY(potato virus Y) cell protein gene transgenic potato. The principal components analysis(PCA) showed all controls were on the right of related GEPs samples along the PC1 (the first principal component) axis, which means a decrease of fungi in soils with genetically engineered crop since most of PLFAs that are strongly positively correlated with PC1 represent fungi. For samples collected from Bt transgenic cornfield, the ratios of gram_positive to gram_negative bacteria were less than those of controls. For samples of transgenic potato field, these ratios were lower than those of controls when soils were collected from deep layer(20—40 cm), but were higher when soils collected from surface layer(0—20 cm). For soils collected from 0—20 cm, the ratios of fungi to bacteria for all GEPs samples were at the same level. So were such rations for all controls. Changes of soil microbial community in two types of GEPs fields were detected in our study, but the causes and more information still needs further study.展开更多
Traditional medicinal plants are one of the potential sources of antimicrobial drugs and there is a great concern in the use and development of herbal medicine for the treatment of various infections. This study aimed...Traditional medicinal plants are one of the potential sources of antimicrobial drugs and there is a great concern in the use and development of herbal medicine for the treatment of various infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of Dichrostachys cinera ethanolic leaves extract and to determine the components of the crude extract. D. cinera extract was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The antibacterial, antioxidant activities and active constituents were determined using standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the crude extract findings showed that all bacterial candidates were susceptible where S. aureus represent MIC at 12.5 mg/ml and MBC at 25 mg/ml, E. coli and P. aeruginosa both showed MIC 25 mg/ml and MBC 50 mg/ml. In the free radical scavenging assay of the extract and the standard quercetin at concentrations of 250 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 5 μg/ml. The radical scavenging activity for the extract was about 92%, 89.6%, 86.8%, 82.8% and 37.8% respectively, compared to quercetin which gave 89.7%, 85.8%, 62.1%, 55.5%, and 45% radical scavenging activity. The GC-Ms analysis of the total constituents demonstrated that 1,6-Anhydro-2,4-dideoxy-.beta.-D-ribo-hexo (21.26%) with different peaks, followed by Glycerin (11.56%), 1,2,3-Cyclopentanetriol (10.18%), 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-(6.18%), 1H-Pyrrole, 1-methyl-(6.08%), Phytol (5.91%) and 7-Bromo-6-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)-2,3-dihyd (5.44%) as major components in the extract. Finally, this study provided useful information on the therapeutic potential of D. cinera as an antibacterial agent and recommended to be evaluated against a wide range of Bacterial and fungal strains using different solvents and different parts from the plant.展开更多
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)(aspirin,ibuprofen,naproxen,ketoprofen,and diclofenac)were determined in three selected wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in southwestern India and the Gurupura River.The c...Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)(aspirin,ibuprofen,naproxen,ketoprofen,and diclofenac)were determined in three selected wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in southwestern India and the Gurupura River.The concentrations of the NSAIDs in the influents of the WWTPs ranged 125-184 mg/L for aspirin,5e22 mg/L for ibuprofen,11-217 mg/L for naproxen,3-41 mg/L for ketoprofen and 12-68 mg/L for diclofenac.In the effluents,concentrations ranged 0.4-0.7 mg/L for aspirin,0.1-2 mg/L for ibuprofen,3-14 mg/L for naproxen,0.6-0.8 mg/L for ketoprofen and 2-26 mg/L for diclofenac.The NSAIDs in the WWTPs were found in the order of aspirin>naproxen>diclofenac>ketoprofen>ibuprofen.In the Gurupura river,aspirin(0.02 mg/L),ibuprofen(0.17 mg/L),naproxen(8.8 mg/L),ketoprofen(1.5 mg/L)and diclofenac(1.6 mg/L)were quantified.Hazard quotient(HQ)for various aquatic organisms were calculated for the effluents of WWTPs and Gurupura river water.The results showed medium risk of ibuprofen and naproxen to polyp Hydra attenuata.Continuous discharge of NSAIDs into the river can result in adverse effects to the resident organisms.展开更多
文摘With the rapid expansion of GEPs(genetically engineered plants), people are more and more concerned about the ecological risks brought by their release. Assessing the effect of GEPs on soil microbial ecology is indispensable to study their ecological risks. In our study, the phospholipids fatty acid(PLFA) method was used to analyze the microbial community of soil samples collected from fields with two types of GEPs_Bt transgenic corn and PVY(potato virus Y) cell protein gene transgenic potato. The principal components analysis(PCA) showed all controls were on the right of related GEPs samples along the PC1 (the first principal component) axis, which means a decrease of fungi in soils with genetically engineered crop since most of PLFAs that are strongly positively correlated with PC1 represent fungi. For samples collected from Bt transgenic cornfield, the ratios of gram_positive to gram_negative bacteria were less than those of controls. For samples of transgenic potato field, these ratios were lower than those of controls when soils were collected from deep layer(20—40 cm), but were higher when soils collected from surface layer(0—20 cm). For soils collected from 0—20 cm, the ratios of fungi to bacteria for all GEPs samples were at the same level. So were such rations for all controls. Changes of soil microbial community in two types of GEPs fields were detected in our study, but the causes and more information still needs further study.
文摘Traditional medicinal plants are one of the potential sources of antimicrobial drugs and there is a great concern in the use and development of herbal medicine for the treatment of various infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of Dichrostachys cinera ethanolic leaves extract and to determine the components of the crude extract. D. cinera extract was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The antibacterial, antioxidant activities and active constituents were determined using standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the crude extract findings showed that all bacterial candidates were susceptible where S. aureus represent MIC at 12.5 mg/ml and MBC at 25 mg/ml, E. coli and P. aeruginosa both showed MIC 25 mg/ml and MBC 50 mg/ml. In the free radical scavenging assay of the extract and the standard quercetin at concentrations of 250 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 5 μg/ml. The radical scavenging activity for the extract was about 92%, 89.6%, 86.8%, 82.8% and 37.8% respectively, compared to quercetin which gave 89.7%, 85.8%, 62.1%, 55.5%, and 45% radical scavenging activity. The GC-Ms analysis of the total constituents demonstrated that 1,6-Anhydro-2,4-dideoxy-.beta.-D-ribo-hexo (21.26%) with different peaks, followed by Glycerin (11.56%), 1,2,3-Cyclopentanetriol (10.18%), 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-(6.18%), 1H-Pyrrole, 1-methyl-(6.08%), Phytol (5.91%) and 7-Bromo-6-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)-2,3-dihyd (5.44%) as major components in the extract. Finally, this study provided useful information on the therapeutic potential of D. cinera as an antibacterial agent and recommended to be evaluated against a wide range of Bacterial and fungal strains using different solvents and different parts from the plant.
基金supported by the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences(BRNS),Government of India,through project no.35/14/17/2017-BRNS/35140.
文摘Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)(aspirin,ibuprofen,naproxen,ketoprofen,and diclofenac)were determined in three selected wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in southwestern India and the Gurupura River.The concentrations of the NSAIDs in the influents of the WWTPs ranged 125-184 mg/L for aspirin,5e22 mg/L for ibuprofen,11-217 mg/L for naproxen,3-41 mg/L for ketoprofen and 12-68 mg/L for diclofenac.In the effluents,concentrations ranged 0.4-0.7 mg/L for aspirin,0.1-2 mg/L for ibuprofen,3-14 mg/L for naproxen,0.6-0.8 mg/L for ketoprofen and 2-26 mg/L for diclofenac.The NSAIDs in the WWTPs were found in the order of aspirin>naproxen>diclofenac>ketoprofen>ibuprofen.In the Gurupura river,aspirin(0.02 mg/L),ibuprofen(0.17 mg/L),naproxen(8.8 mg/L),ketoprofen(1.5 mg/L)and diclofenac(1.6 mg/L)were quantified.Hazard quotient(HQ)for various aquatic organisms were calculated for the effluents of WWTPs and Gurupura river water.The results showed medium risk of ibuprofen and naproxen to polyp Hydra attenuata.Continuous discharge of NSAIDs into the river can result in adverse effects to the resident organisms.
