【目的】通过对小麦穗长稳定主效QTL进行遗传及育种选择效应分析,明确其对产量性状的遗传效应,评价其未来育种应用潜力,为后续基因挖掘和小麦分子育种提供依据。【方法】利用科农9204×京411构建的重组自交系(recombinant inbred li...【目的】通过对小麦穗长稳定主效QTL进行遗传及育种选择效应分析,明确其对产量性状的遗传效应,评价其未来育种应用潜力,为后续基因挖掘和小麦分子育种提供依据。【方法】利用科农9204×京411构建的重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross of Kenong 9204 and Jing 411,KJ-RIL)群体定位到一个多环境稳定表达的穗长主效QTL,命名为qSl-2D;利用双亲靶区间序列差异InDel位点开发出2个与该QTL紧密连锁的分子标记;结合分子标记及55K芯片基因型数据,分别进行基于KJ-RIL、MY-F2、NILs及自然作图群体的产量相关性状遗传效应分析;基于自然作图群体基因分型,分析qSl-2D单倍型在各麦区及不同年代的育种选择效应。【结果】QTL定位结果表明,qSl-2D可在7/10组环境数据中被检测到,可解释4.02%—10.10%的表型变异。其中,5/10组环境数据的LOD峰值均位于608.75 Mb处。遗传效应分析结果表明,qSl-2D增效等位基因型在4个群体遗传背景下均能显著增加穗长。此外,其在大部分群体背景下对穗粒数、株高有正向效应,而对千粒重、穗粒重和单株产量有负向效应。对KJ-RIL群体株高进一步分析发现,qSl-2D增效等位基因型对株高效应未达到显著水平的原因在于其对除穗下节间长以外的各节间长都有降秆效应;qSl-2D单倍型分析结果表明,长穗单倍型Hap-AA-GG在不同麦区中选择利用率差异较大,在北部冬麦区中选择利用率最高,占比24%;而短穗单倍型Hap-CC-CC在大部分麦区中占比30%以上。此外,随着年代的递进,qSl-2D长穗单倍型选择利用率逐渐降低,而短穗单倍型一直保持较高的选择利用率。【结论】定位到一个稳定主效的穗长QTL——qSl-2D,其增效等位基因型可在不同遗传背景下显著增加穗长,同时对其他产量相关性状有一定的遗传效应。靶区段开发的紧密连锁分子标记可用于小麦穗长及相关产量性状的遗传改良。展开更多
Learning from interaction is the primary way that biological agents acquire knowledge about their environment and themselves.Modern deep reinforcement learning(DRL)explores a computational approach to learning from in...Learning from interaction is the primary way that biological agents acquire knowledge about their environment and themselves.Modern deep reinforcement learning(DRL)explores a computational approach to learning from interaction and has made significant progress in solving various tasks.However,despite its power,DRL still falls short of biological agents in terms of energy efficiency.Although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood,we believe that the integration of spiking communication between neurons and biologically-plausible synaptic plasticity plays a prominent role in achieving greater energy efficiency.Following this biological intuition,we optimized a spiking policy network(SPN)using a genetic algorithm as an energy-efficient alternative to DRL.Our SPN mimics the sensorimotor neuron pathway of insects and communicates through event-based spikes.Inspired by biological research showing that the brain forms memories by creating new synaptic connections and rewiring these connections based on new experiences,we tuned the synaptic connections instead of weights in the SPN to solve given tasks.Experimental results on several robotic control tasks demonstrate that our method can achieve the same level of performance as mainstream DRL methods while exhibiting significantly higher energy efficiency.展开更多
目的 通过对单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）基因A-2518G单核苷酸多态性的检测,探讨中国湖南地区汉族人群中MCP-1基因多态性与卵巢上皮癌易感性的关系.方法 采用病例-对照研究方法,选择临床确诊的130例标本,其中包括卵巢上皮癌组织92例,为...目的 通过对单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）基因A-2518G单核苷酸多态性的检测,探讨中国湖南地区汉族人群中MCP-1基因多态性与卵巢上皮癌易感性的关系.方法 采用病例-对照研究方法,选择临床确诊的130例标本,其中包括卵巢上皮癌组织92例,为病例组;正常卵巢组织38例,为对照组.应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）检测卵巢上皮组织中的MCP-1基因A-2518G单核苷酸多态性.结果 在病例组和对照组中MCP-1基因A-2518G单核苷酸多态性均存在AA、AG和GG三种基因型.与对照组相比,病例组中AA（17.40％ vs 15.79％）、AG（44.56％ vs 52.63％）和GG（38.04％ vs 31.58％）基因型频率分布差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.对多个相关因素进行Logistic回归分析显示,尚不能认为MCP-1基因A-2518G单核苷酸多态性与卵巢上皮癌的发病有相关性（P＞0.05）.结论 在中国湖南地区汉族人群中,尚不能认为MCP-1基因A-2518G单核苷酸多态性与卵巢上皮癌的发病有关.展开更多
文摘【目的】通过对小麦穗长稳定主效QTL进行遗传及育种选择效应分析,明确其对产量性状的遗传效应,评价其未来育种应用潜力,为后续基因挖掘和小麦分子育种提供依据。【方法】利用科农9204×京411构建的重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross of Kenong 9204 and Jing 411,KJ-RIL)群体定位到一个多环境稳定表达的穗长主效QTL,命名为qSl-2D;利用双亲靶区间序列差异InDel位点开发出2个与该QTL紧密连锁的分子标记;结合分子标记及55K芯片基因型数据,分别进行基于KJ-RIL、MY-F2、NILs及自然作图群体的产量相关性状遗传效应分析;基于自然作图群体基因分型,分析qSl-2D单倍型在各麦区及不同年代的育种选择效应。【结果】QTL定位结果表明,qSl-2D可在7/10组环境数据中被检测到,可解释4.02%—10.10%的表型变异。其中,5/10组环境数据的LOD峰值均位于608.75 Mb处。遗传效应分析结果表明,qSl-2D增效等位基因型在4个群体遗传背景下均能显著增加穗长。此外,其在大部分群体背景下对穗粒数、株高有正向效应,而对千粒重、穗粒重和单株产量有负向效应。对KJ-RIL群体株高进一步分析发现,qSl-2D增效等位基因型对株高效应未达到显著水平的原因在于其对除穗下节间长以外的各节间长都有降秆效应;qSl-2D单倍型分析结果表明,长穗单倍型Hap-AA-GG在不同麦区中选择利用率差异较大,在北部冬麦区中选择利用率最高,占比24%;而短穗单倍型Hap-CC-CC在大部分麦区中占比30%以上。此外,随着年代的递进,qSl-2D长穗单倍型选择利用率逐渐降低,而短穗单倍型一直保持较高的选择利用率。【结论】定位到一个稳定主效的穗长QTL——qSl-2D,其增效等位基因型可在不同遗传背景下显著增加穗长,同时对其他产量相关性状有一定的遗传效应。靶区段开发的紧密连锁分子标记可用于小麦穗长及相关产量性状的遗传改良。
基金supported by the Beijing Nova Program,China(No.20230484369)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.XDA27010404)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.2021SHZDZX),the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China.
文摘Learning from interaction is the primary way that biological agents acquire knowledge about their environment and themselves.Modern deep reinforcement learning(DRL)explores a computational approach to learning from interaction and has made significant progress in solving various tasks.However,despite its power,DRL still falls short of biological agents in terms of energy efficiency.Although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood,we believe that the integration of spiking communication between neurons and biologically-plausible synaptic plasticity plays a prominent role in achieving greater energy efficiency.Following this biological intuition,we optimized a spiking policy network(SPN)using a genetic algorithm as an energy-efficient alternative to DRL.Our SPN mimics the sensorimotor neuron pathway of insects and communicates through event-based spikes.Inspired by biological research showing that the brain forms memories by creating new synaptic connections and rewiring these connections based on new experiences,we tuned the synaptic connections instead of weights in the SPN to solve given tasks.Experimental results on several robotic control tasks demonstrate that our method can achieve the same level of performance as mainstream DRL methods while exhibiting significantly higher energy efficiency.
文摘目的 通过对单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）基因A-2518G单核苷酸多态性的检测,探讨中国湖南地区汉族人群中MCP-1基因多态性与卵巢上皮癌易感性的关系.方法 采用病例-对照研究方法,选择临床确诊的130例标本,其中包括卵巢上皮癌组织92例,为病例组;正常卵巢组织38例,为对照组.应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）检测卵巢上皮组织中的MCP-1基因A-2518G单核苷酸多态性.结果 在病例组和对照组中MCP-1基因A-2518G单核苷酸多态性均存在AA、AG和GG三种基因型.与对照组相比,病例组中AA（17.40％ vs 15.79％）、AG（44.56％ vs 52.63％）和GG（38.04％ vs 31.58％）基因型频率分布差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.对多个相关因素进行Logistic回归分析显示,尚不能认为MCP-1基因A-2518G单核苷酸多态性与卵巢上皮癌的发病有相关性（P＞0.05）.结论 在中国湖南地区汉族人群中,尚不能认为MCP-1基因A-2518G单核苷酸多态性与卵巢上皮癌的发病有关.
