Background:Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)is an environmental contaminant associated with adverse metabolic outcomes in developmentally exposed human populations and mouse models.Hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid(HFPO...Background:Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)is an environmental contaminant associated with adverse metabolic outcomes in developmentally exposed human populations and mouse models.Hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid(HFPO-DA,commonly called GenX)has replaced PFOA in many industrial applications in the U.S.and Europe and has been measured in global water systems from<1 to 9350 ng/L HFPO-DA.Health effects data for GenX are lacking.Objective:Determine the effects of gestational exposure to GenX on offspring weight gain trajectory,adult metabolic health,liver pathology and key adipose gene pathways in male and female CD-1 mice.Methods:Daily oral doses of GenX(0.2,1.0,2.0 mg/kg),PFOA(0.1,1.0 mg/kg),or vehicle control were administered to pregnant mice(gestation days 1.5-17.5).Offspring were fed a high-or low-fat diet(HFD or LFD)at weaning until necropsy at 6 or 18 weeks,and metabolic endpoints were measured over time.PFOA and GenX serum and urine concentrations,weight gain,serum lipid parameters,body mass composition,glucose tolerance,white adipose tissue gene expression,and liver histopathology were evaluated.Results:Prenatal exposure to GenX led to its accumulation in the serum and urine of 5-day old pups(P=0.007,P<0.001),which was undetectable by weaning.By 18 weeks of age,male mice fed LFD in the 2.0 mg/kg GenX group displayed increased weight gain(P<0.05),fat mass(P=0.016),hepatocellular microvesicular fatty change(P=0.015),and insulin sensitivity(P=0.014)in comparison to control males fed LFD.Female mice fed HFD had a significant increase in hepatocyte single cell necrosis in 1.0 mg/kg GenX group(P=0.022)and 1.0 mg/kg PFOA group(P=0.003)compared to control HFD females.Both sexes were affected by gestational GenX exposure;however,the observed phenotype varied between sex with males displaying more characteristics of metabolic disease and females exhibiting liver damage in response to the gestational exposure.Conclusions:Prenatal exposure to 1 mg/kg GenX and 1 mg/kg PFOA induces adverse metabolic outcomes in adult mice that are diet-and sex-dependent.GenX also accumulated in pup serum,suggesting that placental and potentially lactational transfer are important exposure routes for GenX.展开更多
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are a class of ubiquitous,persistent,and hazardous pollutants that raise concerns for human health and the environment.Typically,PFAS removal from water relies on adsorption tec...Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are a class of ubiquitous,persistent,and hazardous pollutants that raise concerns for human health and the environment.Typically,PFAS removal from water relies on adsorption techniques using conventional sorption materials like activated carbons(ACs)and ion exchange resins(IERs).However,there is a continuous search for more efficient and performing adsorbent materials to better address the wide range of chemical structures of PFAS in the environment,to increase their selectivity,and to achieve an overall high adsorption capacity and faster uptake kinetics.In this context,results from the application of non-conventional sorption materials(i.e.,readily available biological-based materials like proteins and advanced materials like nanocomposites and cyclodextrins)are reported and discussed in consideration of the following criteria:i)removal efficiency and kinetics of legacy PFAS(e.g.,PFOA,PFBA)as well as newly-introduced and emerging PFAS(e.g.,GenX),ii)representativity of environmental conditions in the experimental setup(e.g.,use of environmentally relevant experimental concentrations),iii)regenerability,reusability and applicability of the materials,and iv)role of the material modifications on PFAS adsorption.From this review,it emerged that organic frameworks,nano(ligno)cellulosic-based materials,and layered double hydroxides are among the most promising materials herein investigated for PFAS adsorption,and it was also observed that the presence of fluorine-and amine-moieties in the material structure improve both the selectivity and PFAS uptake.However,the lack of data on their applicability in real environments and the costs involved means that this research is still in its infancy and need further investigation.展开更多
文摘Background:Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)is an environmental contaminant associated with adverse metabolic outcomes in developmentally exposed human populations and mouse models.Hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid(HFPO-DA,commonly called GenX)has replaced PFOA in many industrial applications in the U.S.and Europe and has been measured in global water systems from<1 to 9350 ng/L HFPO-DA.Health effects data for GenX are lacking.Objective:Determine the effects of gestational exposure to GenX on offspring weight gain trajectory,adult metabolic health,liver pathology and key adipose gene pathways in male and female CD-1 mice.Methods:Daily oral doses of GenX(0.2,1.0,2.0 mg/kg),PFOA(0.1,1.0 mg/kg),or vehicle control were administered to pregnant mice(gestation days 1.5-17.5).Offspring were fed a high-or low-fat diet(HFD or LFD)at weaning until necropsy at 6 or 18 weeks,and metabolic endpoints were measured over time.PFOA and GenX serum and urine concentrations,weight gain,serum lipid parameters,body mass composition,glucose tolerance,white adipose tissue gene expression,and liver histopathology were evaluated.Results:Prenatal exposure to GenX led to its accumulation in the serum and urine of 5-day old pups(P=0.007,P<0.001),which was undetectable by weaning.By 18 weeks of age,male mice fed LFD in the 2.0 mg/kg GenX group displayed increased weight gain(P<0.05),fat mass(P=0.016),hepatocellular microvesicular fatty change(P=0.015),and insulin sensitivity(P=0.014)in comparison to control males fed LFD.Female mice fed HFD had a significant increase in hepatocyte single cell necrosis in 1.0 mg/kg GenX group(P=0.022)and 1.0 mg/kg PFOA group(P=0.003)compared to control HFD females.Both sexes were affected by gestational GenX exposure;however,the observed phenotype varied between sex with males displaying more characteristics of metabolic disease and females exhibiting liver damage in response to the gestational exposure.Conclusions:Prenatal exposure to 1 mg/kg GenX and 1 mg/kg PFOA induces adverse metabolic outcomes in adult mice that are diet-and sex-dependent.GenX also accumulated in pup serum,suggesting that placental and potentially lactational transfer are important exposure routes for GenX.
文摘Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are a class of ubiquitous,persistent,and hazardous pollutants that raise concerns for human health and the environment.Typically,PFAS removal from water relies on adsorption techniques using conventional sorption materials like activated carbons(ACs)and ion exchange resins(IERs).However,there is a continuous search for more efficient and performing adsorbent materials to better address the wide range of chemical structures of PFAS in the environment,to increase their selectivity,and to achieve an overall high adsorption capacity and faster uptake kinetics.In this context,results from the application of non-conventional sorption materials(i.e.,readily available biological-based materials like proteins and advanced materials like nanocomposites and cyclodextrins)are reported and discussed in consideration of the following criteria:i)removal efficiency and kinetics of legacy PFAS(e.g.,PFOA,PFBA)as well as newly-introduced and emerging PFAS(e.g.,GenX),ii)representativity of environmental conditions in the experimental setup(e.g.,use of environmentally relevant experimental concentrations),iii)regenerability,reusability and applicability of the materials,and iv)role of the material modifications on PFAS adsorption.From this review,it emerged that organic frameworks,nano(ligno)cellulosic-based materials,and layered double hydroxides are among the most promising materials herein investigated for PFAS adsorption,and it was also observed that the presence of fluorine-and amine-moieties in the material structure improve both the selectivity and PFAS uptake.However,the lack of data on their applicability in real environments and the costs involved means that this research is still in its infancy and need further investigation.
