Analysis of the Design and Implementation of a GIS System Incorporating Intelligent Recognition Models

The rapid economic growth,urbanization,and industrialization have led to a scarcity of land resources in coastal areas,exacerbating the conflict between humans and the environment.In order to promote economic development,attention has turned to the sea,and various coastal engineering projects have been undertaken,sparking a wave of land reclamation.However,while these efforts bring economic and social benefits,they also have implications for ecological relationships.To respond to and plan for changes in the coastline and land cover in a timely manner,this paper proposes and constructs a GIS system that integrates remote sensing image recognition models.The system combines geographic information system development technology with image recognition technology,streamlining the processing and identification of image data.This approach is particularly advantageous for marine management departments in their long-term monitoring and dynamic management of coastal lines,ensuring a more effective and efficient response.

Assessment on the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus of Beijing surface water based on GIS system and multivariate statistical approaches

This paper presented the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Beijing surface water during the survey. A significant difference was found out in concentration distribution of various parameters of nitrogen and phosphorus. Most water bodies in five water systems were polluted by total nitrogen with the content even up to 120 mg/L which was higher than exceeded the fifth class standard of national surface water quality standard GB3838-2002 except for several segments of Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe. Ammonia and phosphorus showed a similar tendency of distribution with higher content in Daqinghe, Beiyunhe and Jiyunhe water systems, but with relatively low concentrations in Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe water systems. Meanwhile, nitrate was found at comparatively low content(mostly less than 10 mg/L) and could fit for corresponding water quality requirements. Totally, the water quality of Daqinghe, Jiyunhe and Beiyunhe river systems as well as the lower reaches of Yongdinghe and Chaobaihe was contaminated seriously with high content of total nitrogen and phosphorus. Through multivariate statistical approaches, it can be concluded that total nitrogen, ammonia and total phosphorus was highly correlated to chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity, which explained the same pollution source from anthropogenic activities.

Adding analysis of urban heat island effect in GIS system and applying them in urban planning

In recent years, the application of GIS in urban planning has attracted the attention of more and more urban planning designers, and a new problem— urban heat island has arose in urban planning .The main aim of the paper is to find ways to connect urban heat environment with GIS system, and to simulate different island effect of different urban planning by using CFD. Then find a reasonable way for ecological urban planning .Of course, we firstly introduce the relation between the City Heat Island Effect and urban planning, then enumerate a practical experiment of Chongqing University. Because of people''s requirement of the better living environment and the ecological development of the whole city even the whole globe, we should synthesize and analyze the practical information, which base on the natural factors such as earth surface environment, climate, rainfall amount and wind field, and with these artificial factors such as population, politics and cultures, then design the optimum project of urban planning.

Web-based GIS System for Real-time Field Data Collection Using Personal Mobile Phone

Recently, use of mobile communicational devices in field data collection is increasing such as smart phones and cellular phones due to emergence of embedded Global Position System GPS and Wi-Fi Internet access. Accurate timely and handy field data collection is required for disaster management and emergency quick responses. In this article, we introduce web-based GIS system to collect the field data by personal mobile phone through Post Office Protocol POP3 mail server. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate real-time field data collection method to the students using their mobile phone to collect field data by timely and handy manners, either individual or group survey in local or global scale research.

Development of mobile GIS system for forest resources second-class inventory

A special mobile GIS（Geographic Information System） system used for forest resources second-class inventory was developed on the basis of traditional forest resources inventory,remote sensing,GPS（Globe Positioning System） and embedded technology.Portable instrument,embedded development and the integration technology of RS（Remote Sensing）,GIS and GPS are all used in this special mobile GIS system.Further,the system composition,key techniques,and current situation of the practical application in China were analyzed in the study.The results are important for applying modern high-tech for the planning and design of digital forest resources to improve the precision and efficiency of inventory and reduce the labor cost and financial investment.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of GIS Systems in the Public Sector in Saudi Arabia and Their Impact on Organizational Performance

This study investigates the adoption of the new phenomenon of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in an organizational context in an emerging economy, namely Saudi Arabia. It explores the determinants of employees’ perceptions of GIS, their actual usage and expected outcomes when they use it. A model was developed for this study based on relevant theories and existing literature. In total 221 responses were collected from the Ministry of Water and Electricity (MOWE) in Saudi Arabia using a structured survey questionnaire. Several statistical techniques were applied to the data collected. Results show that factors having the most significant impact on employees’ perceptions of GIS are managerial support, IT expertise and exposure to GIS. However, some factors did not have any significant impact on employees’ perceptions, these being GIS training and incentives. It also emerges that attitude to GIS has an impact on and relationship with the actual usage of GIS. In the outcomes of GIS adoption, results indicate that its usage influences enhanced risk management and better customer relationships. However, no significant relationship was found that led to more efficient decision-making and saving of costs. This paper also highlights implications and discusses the limitations and suggestions for future research.

Delineation of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems(GIS)in Kadaladi region,Southern India

The primary objective of this research is to delineate potential groundwater recharge zones in the Kadaladi taluk of Ramanathapuram,Tamil Nadu,India,using a combination of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems(GIS)with the Analytical Hierarchical Process(AHP).Various factors such as geology,geomorphology,soil,drainage,density,lineament density,slope,rainfall were analyzed at a specific scale.Thematic layers were evaluated for quality and relevance using Saaty's scale,and then inte-grated using the weighted linear combination technique.The weights assigned to each layer and features were standardized using AHP and the Eigen vector technique,resulting in the final groundwater potential zone map.The AHP method was used to normalize the scores following the assignment of weights to each criterion or factor based on Saaty's 9-point scale.Pair-wise matrix analysis was utilized to calculate the geometric mean and normalized weight for various parameters.The groundwater recharge potential zone map was created by mathematically overlaying the normalized weighted layers.Thematic layers indicating major elements influencing groundwater occurrence and recharge were derived from satellite images.2 Results indicate that approximately 21.8 km of the total area exhibits high potential for groundwater recharge.Groundwater recharge is viable in areas with moderate slopes,particularly in the central and southeastern regions.

基于GIS与大数据分析的矿压监测预警平台

为响应国家关于加快煤矿智能化发展的号召,针对煤矿GIS“一张图”中巷道路径不能实现精确计算,矿压数据不能实现高效甄别、有效提取的问题,以及矿压预警需要实现在线推演、可视化展示的需求,提出建立基于GIS与大数据分析的矿压监测预警平台。采用GIS“一张图”、巷道结点-路径拓扑算法、多源异构监测数据处理技术、矿压大数据分析技术,搭建成能够实现矿井下复杂情况切实反映、矿压监测数据有效提取、采掘风险在线预测、可视化程度高的矿压监测预警平台。通过在李雅庄矿的实际应用,表明该系统运行稳定可靠,可有效提升煤矿的矿压风险监测预警。

基于GIS的公交换乘网络构建及可达性分析

为了提高公交换乘效率、优化公交系统,基于GIS软件构建公交换乘网络,运用该网络对换乘可达性进行了测度和分析.结合Space-P模型和网络分析法,以拉萨市城关区为研究区域,基于公交线路路径、站点、交叉口等基本信息构建同站换乘子网络.结合公交站点服务范围、步行通道路径、交叉口等信息构建异站换乘子网络.二者协同实现了基于ArcGIS的公交换乘网络构建,并依据该网络对公交线路的乘客在车时间和换乘系数进行测度和分析.结果表明:构建的换乘网络能够对乘客在车时间进行良好的测度,乘客在车时间最大值为68.68 min,最小值为2.00 min,乘客换乘在车时间平均值为29.90 min.该换乘网络能够对换乘系数进行良好的测度,得到有效换乘线路90 300条,换乘系数最大为4条(线路为62条),最小为0条(线路为1 354条).采用可达性度量模型,可实现对公交站点时间可达性和换乘可达性的良好测度和分析.

恒压下GIS固体绝缘界面气隙缺陷放电严重程度评估

为了研究GIS绝缘子界面气隙缺陷的放电发展过程,文中设计了空洞气隙缺陷模型,搭建了一套GIS气隙缺陷放电长期测试平台。基于缺陷模型的击穿电压对带有缺陷的试品施加90%Ub、60%Ub、30%Ub的交流恒压,使用UHF检测系统采集放电数据直至试品击穿。提取放电次数、放电幅值、放电时间间隔分析放电状态特征,发现GIS气隙缺陷放电发展过程存在两个阶段,前期放电幅值缓慢增大,放电脉冲逐渐稀疏,放电发展较为平稳;后期放电幅值急剧减小,放电脉冲密集,放电发展剧烈,采用k⁃means聚类算法及BP神经网络建立了气隙缺陷局放发展阶段的划分规则。研究表明,放电次数、放电幅值、放电时间间隔3种统计参量呈现阶段式单调性的趋势,可以用3种统计参量前向差分绝对值作为特征参量来评估GIS气隙放电严重程度;对GIS恒压试验进行聚类分析将放电过程划分为平稳劣化阶段和加速劣化阶段,随着外施电压水平的降低,平稳劣化阶段被压缩,加速劣化阶段占比升高。

直流电压下GIS盆式绝缘子表面电荷及电场分布特性仿真研究

GIS中盆式绝缘子表面在外施直流电压时会积聚大量电荷使得沿面闪络电压大幅降低,从而引发一系列电气设备故障。基于上述问题,文中分析了盆式绝缘子表面电荷的来源与传导途径,采用有限元仿真计算方法构建了二维轴对称仿真模型以及设定相关参数,研究了电压极性、不同电压幅值以及电压极性反转对盆式绝缘子表面电荷分布的影响。结果表明,在直流电压下,凹面主要积聚与外施直流电压极性相反的电荷,凸面主要积聚与直流电压极性相同的电荷,且凹面积聚的电荷密度更大;在极性反转后-100 kV直流电压下,盆式绝缘子表面原先积聚的电荷密度呈现先增大后逐渐减小的趋势,随后转换极性并达到饱和,电场在靠近高压端以及盆式绝缘子沿面0~20 mm处的畸变程度较为明显。电场在盆式绝缘子表面电荷极性发生变化前出现峰值,相比较电荷达到饱和状态,此时盆式绝缘子凹面最大场强增加46%,凸面最大场强增加5.4%。该研究可为直流电压下盆式绝缘子表面电荷分布特性提供指导。

基于BIM与GIS的水利水电工程开发设计应用研究

为了解决水利水电项目建设中任务量大、专业技能多、操作难度高、环境干扰严重的问题,往往要进行多次论证和优化工程步骤,保证施工质量。采用BIM(Building Information Modeling)+GIS(Geographic Information System)技术对水利建筑模型进行优化,并对建筑进行外观设计,为模型的搭建提供坚实基础。结果表明,在水利水电项目建设过程中,以BIM+GIS技术模型为基础可快速模拟待查找的工程进度,有利于管控工程资金和监督工程实施进度,可以大幅度提升水利项目的信息化程度。

Mayr电弧模型下GIS中快速暂态过电压的仿真分析

SF6气体绝缘封闭组合开关(GIS)中隔离开关进行分合母线时,产生快速暂态过电压(VFTO),幅值高且上升速率极快,威胁GIS及相邻设备的绝缘。选取某800 kV GIS隔离开关分合母线的试验电路为研究对象,采用电磁暂态程序(EMTP/ATP)进行建模仿真,隔离开关燃弧时采用Mayr电弧模型,分析其对VFTO的影响,得出考虑Mayr电弧模型时操作隔离开关、断路器侧隔离开关及变压器侧隔离开关的电压波形,并与考虑时变电阻模型的VFTO进行对比。对VFTO波形进行离散傅里叶分析,得到过电压频率、幅值的变化特征,研究结果为GIS绝缘设计提供参考。

基于双回路反馈的光纤干涉式GIS局部放电超声传感系统研究

光纤干涉式GIS局部放电超声传感系统受到环境干扰,会导致超声检测灵敏度降低。基于单回路反馈的传感系统能够抑制振动干扰,但长时间工作仍会出现工作点漂移。文中首先分析了单回路反馈传感系统工作点漂移的原因,指出了压电陶瓷迟滞效应的影响;其次,搭建了基于双回路反馈的光纤干涉式GIS局部放电超声传感系统,引入了二次反馈回路以补偿一次反馈回路累积的低频相位调制误差;再次,通过振动干扰下的超声检测试验和GIS局部放电检测试验,证明了双回路反馈传感系统能够长时间保持稳定的超声检测灵敏度;最后,搭建了真型126 kV GIS局部放电检测试验平台,利用双回路反馈传感系统成功检测到了金属颗粒引发的局部放电和跳动声信号,检测到的最小视在放电量为5.2 pC。

基于多层融合振动数据分析的GIS设备机械缺陷诊断方法研究

气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear,GIS)机械缺陷是导致设备故障的重要因素,针对单测点、单证据机械缺陷诊断模型信息缺失和精度不足问题,该文提出一种多层融合振动数据分析的GIS设备机械缺陷诊断方法。首先,基于真型GIS设备振动模拟平台试验研究测点位置与缺陷类型对振动行为的影响特性;然后,联合统计分析、模态分解、尺度变换方法提出机械振动信号整体与局部信息关注的复合参数分析方法,引入主成分分析开展多测点振动信息的特征层融合降维;最后,提出改进放缩权重的Dempster-Shafer(DS)证据理论和Bagging投票机制的强/弱基学习器决策层融合机制,联合构建多层融合振动数据分析的GIS设备机械缺陷诊断模型。结果表明:不同类型机械缺陷信号的响应幅值、特征频点和畸变程度存在显著差异,复合特征参量大小及分散程度各不相同;同时,测点位置对缺陷信号的复合振动特征参量的表现形式及分布区间也具有一定影响;基于多层融合数据分析的诊断模型实现缺陷有效识别,辨识准确率为98.66%,相比单一分类器诊断效果提升5.83%。该文可为GIS设备机械缺陷诊断方法提供有价值的参考。

高速公路项目BIM+GIS融合技术研究与应用

针对高速公路的建设特点,研究了基于Revit Dynamo的参数化建模,BIM+GIS融合轻量化展示技术,以及在工程管理平台中嵌入可视化模型轻量展示的技术,形成适用于高速公路项目的BIM+GIS建造管理技术,提高了公路工程施工管理和可视化建造水平,提供可复制技术和经验,供工程技术人员参考借鉴。

基于GIS的大汶河流域生态敏感性研究

生态敏感性评价在推进区域经济高质量发展、制定区域生态环境政策和地区城乡规划布局中扮演重要角色。以黄河下游山东省大汶河流域为研究区域,依据气象因素、地形因素和社会经济因素三个层面选取了12项敏感指标因子构建了大文河流域生态敏感评价体系,并利用地理信息技术软件GIS与层次分析法对其进行生态敏感性综合评价。研究表明:大汶河流域气象敏感性主要表现为中高敏感度,地形敏感性主要表现为中低敏感度,社会经济敏感性主要表现为中高敏感度;综合敏感性评价中,大汶河流域极低度敏感区和低敏感区面积为3024.35 km^(2),占全流域面积的27.24%,适宜进行高强度的土地开发;中度敏感区面积为2738.76 km^(2),占全流域面积为24.67%,可适度开发利用土地;极高敏感区和高度敏感区面积为5319.07 km^(2),占全流域面积为47.93%,不适宜对土地进行开发利用。

交叉学科视角下的“人文社会GIS”课程教学探索

人文社会地理信息系统(geographical information system, GIS)源于人文科学、社会科学和地理信息科学等多个学科的交叉融合,属于自然科学与人文社会科学的学科交叉领域.本文依托南京师范大学长期开展地理信息科学与人文社会科学交叉融合的科研和教学成果,系统分析了人文社会GIS的交叉学科特性,提出了人文社会GIS的内涵和知识体系,设计了“人文社会GIS”课程的创新教学模式,形成了有代表性的学科交叉课程教学实践案例,对于开展“新工科”和“新文科”背景下的交叉学科研究和复合型人才培养具有较好的参考价值.

基于GIS空间分析的城市抗震韧性评估方法研究

“韧性城乡”是《国家地震科技创新工程》四大计划之一,合理可靠的城市抗震韧性评估模型是开展地震安全韧性城市建设的前提。文章基于空间韧性提出了城市空间抗震韧性的理念。在明确韧性目标和特征并构建最不利灾害场景的基础上,以城市二级防灾分区为评估对象,从健壮性、适应性、恢复性三个维度建立了城市空间抗震韧性评估指标体系。

基于GIS技术的区域多尺度空间数据集成方法

区域多尺度空间数据,其量较大,其来源、格式、特点、性质不同,数据在逻辑上或物理上的有机集中比较困难,容易导致集成路径拥塞,集成效率下降。为此,提出了一种基于GIS技术的区域多尺度空间数据集成方法。利用GIS技术搭建区域多尺度空间数据挖掘架构,结合数据转换矩阵构建多尺度空间数据库。根据多尺度空间数据库中拥塞窗口状态集合,采用不同策略对数据集成路径进行拥塞控制,通过确定理想集成效率而选择多尺度空间数据集成路径。计算不同集成路径上空间数据特征向量之间的紧密度,结合相异度阈值和空间数据权重构建数据集成函数,实现区域多尺度空间数据集成。实验结果表明:所给方法在有、无人工干预的情况下,集成延时分别控制在7 min以内和5 min以内,数据集成效率较高。