Potential landfill site selection for solid waste disposal using GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA)

Proper solid waste disposal is an important socioeconomic concern for all developing countries.Municipalities have their own policies,individual approaches and methods to manage the solid wastes.They consider wastelands outside the urban area as the best suitable for the solid waste disposal.Such improper site selection will create morphological changes that lead to environmental hazards in the urban and its surrounding areas.In this research,the site selection for urban solid waste disposal in the Coimbatore district used geographical information system(GIS)and multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA).Thematic layers of lineament density,landuse/landcover,population density,groundwater depth,drainage density,slope,soil texture,geology and geomorphology were considered as primary criteria and weights for criteria,and sub-criteria were assigned by MCDA analysis.The resultant weight score was validated by consistency ratio so that the efficiency of the selected criteria was justified.The overlay analysis in GIS environment provides 17 potential zones in Coimbatore district,among which,four suitable sites were screened and refined with the help of field investigation and visual interpretation of satellite image.The result of landfill suitability map shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

GIS and Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Landfill Site Selection in Al-Hashimyah Qadaa

Waste management system is not well regulated in Iraq. Despite the fact that there are various techniques used for solid waste disposal, landfill is the most common mode for the disposal of solid waste in Iraq, landfill site selection criteria is quite complex process and it depends on several regulation and factors. In this study landfill site selection is performed by using Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for the Al-Hashimyahqadaa. Existing landfills in qadaa are temporary and/or non-conforming to the environmental conditions. In order to determine landfill site, several criteria were examined such as urban centers, land use, airports, pipes, power lines, railways, roads, slope, streams, surface water, industrial areas, oil pipes, liquid gas pipes, soil types are prepared. MCDA was used to measure the relative importance weighting for each criterion. Each map layer was prepared using GIS and the final suitable map was created by overlay analyses of each criterion map. According to the results, high and low suitable areas were determined in the study area. Field site check was performed to determine the accuracy and suitability of the candidate sites.

Landfill Site Selection Using GIS and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making AHP and SAW Methods: A Case Study in Sulaimaniyah Governorate, Iraq

Lack of land for waste disposal is one of the main problems facing urban areas in developing countries. The Sulaimaniyah Governorate, located in northern Iraq, is one of the main cities of the country in the Kurdistan Region, covering an area of 2400 km2. Currently, there is no landfill site in the study region that meets scientific and environmental requirements, inappropriate dumping of solid waste causes adverse effects on the environment, economic and urban aesthetic. To overcome with this phenomenon, it is very crucial to suggest a landfill site, even in countries that recycle or burn their waste to protect the environment. Landfill sites should be carefully selected by considering all regulations and other restrictions. The integration of geographic information systems and multi-criteria decision analysis is used in this study to select suitable landfill locations in the region, for this purpose, thirteen layers are prepared according to their importance including urban area, villages, rivers, groundwater depth, slope, elevation, soil types, geological formations, roads, oil and gas field, land use classification, archaeological site and power lines. Two different methods (simple additive weighting and analytic hierarchy process) are implemented in a geographical information system to obtain the suitability index map for candidate landfill sites, where all these sites satisfied the scientific and environmental criteria which were adopted in this study. The comparison of the maps resulting from these two different methods demonstrates that both methods produced consistent results.

AHP with GIS for a Preliminary Site Selection of Wind Turbines in the North West of Jordan

The aim of this study was to identify potential sites for wind turbine in the North West of Jordan. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used in a novel approach to identify the potential sites for the wind turbine in the study area based on five physical criteria (Wind Speed, Rainfall, Slope, Altitude and Land use) that affect the wind turbine sites. The importance of each criterion was based on experts’ opinions. The ratings for each criterion were based on the available literature review. The consistency ratio between the experts’ opinions was evaluated using the pairwise comparison method and a final weight was computed for each criterion. A wind turbine suitability map was generated using the weighted linear combination (WLC) method within GIS environment. It was found that 45% of the study area has high and very high suitability for wind turbine. In conclusion, this research will contribute to the enhancement of the available renewable energy resources in Jordan if the selected sites will be utilized for wind turbine.

Selection of Landfill Sites for Solid Waste Treatment in Damaturu Town-Using GIS Techniques

Landfill has been recognized as the cheapest form for the final disposal of municipal solid waste and as such has been the most used method in the world. However, siting landfill is an extremely complex task mainly due to the fact that the identification and selection process involves many factors and strict regulations. For proper identification and selection of appropriate sites for landfills careful and systematic procedures need to be adopted and followed. Wrong siting of landfill many result in environmental degradation and often time public opposition. In this study, attempts have been made to determine sites that are appropriate for landfill siting in Damaturu town Nigeria, by combining geographic information system (GIS) and a multi-criteria decision making method (MCDM) known as the analytic network process (ANP) for the determination of the relative importance weights of factors (criteria). The land suitability output is presented from less suitable to the most suitable areas. The final map produced show areas that are suitable for landfill siting. Based on the analysis fourteen sites were identified to fulfill the required criteria, however, only seven met the land availability criteria of twenty hectares and above. The results showed the efficacy of GIS and multi-criteria decision making method in decision making.

GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation Models for Selection of Suitable Sites for Pacific Oyster(Crassostrea gigas)Aquaculture in the Central Region of Vietnam

Oysters are nutritious food organisms,rich in protein,minerals and vitamins.Production from Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)aquaculture is increasing and supports the livelihoods of coastal communities.To ensure both success and long-term sustainability of oyster production,the determination of suitable sites is an important step in any aquaculture operation.This study applied GIS(Geographic Information System)based MCE(Multi-Criteria Evaluation)for locating suitable sites for Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)farms in coastal regions in Central Vietnam.Remote sensing data were obtained viaMODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)and high resolution imagery from the Google Earth Engine,while oceanic data were obtained from HYCOM-NCODA(Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model-Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation)coupled with local hydrodynamic FEM(Finite Element Model)Hydrographic charts and GPS(Global Positioning System)data were used to extract required information layers for GIS based MCE for the suitable site selection of oyster farms.Six thematic layers of biophysical parameters were used to analysis MCE non-constraints including the depth,temperature,salinity,Chl-a(Chlorophyll-a)content,suspended matter concentration and velocity of sea current.Then,an MCE analysis with constraint was used to exclude the areas from suitability maps where oyster aquaculture could not be developed.They were conducted in two subgroups,biophysical subgroup(including un-suitable depth,un-suitable substratum and shore line types,potential regions prone to strong impact of natural disasters and environmental risks,sensitive habitats in MPAs(Marine Protection Areas),and social-infrastructural subgroups(including human settlement in urban area,wastewater system,industrial zones,piers,harbors etc.).A series of GIS models was developed to identify the most suitable areas for oyster culture using MCE with the estimating of factor score(Xi)based on expert knowledge as well as calculating of Weighting(Wi)based on Saaty’s matrix relevant to the importance level of assessed factors in comparison.Suitability scores were ranked on a scale from 1(least suitable)to 8(most suitable).The best suitable sites for oyster aquaculture in coastal areas of the central region of Vietnam have been found.These study results confirmed that a GIS based MCE model is a powerful tool that supports site selection decision-making in aquaculture.

The suitability assessment on site selection for bottom seeding scallop culture based on analytic hierarchy process

Scallop culture is an important way of bottom-seeding marine ranching,which is of great significance to improve the current situation of fishery resources.However,there are some problems in site-selection evaluation of marine ranching,such as imperfect criteria system,complex structure,untargeted criteria quantification,etc.In addition,no site-selection evaluation method of bottom-seeding culture areas for scallops is available.Therefore,we established a hierarchy structure model according to the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)theory,in which social,physical,chemical,and biological environments are used as main criteria,and marine functional zonation,water depth,current,water temperature,salinity,substrate type,water quality,sediment quality,red tide,phytoplankton,and zooplankton are used as sub-criteria,on which a multi-parameter evaluation system is set up.Meanwhile,the dualism method,assignment method,and membership function method were used to quantify sub-criteria,and a quantitative evaluation for the entire criteria was added,including the evaluation and analysis of two types of unsuitable environmental situations.By overall consideration in scallop yield,quality,and marine ranching construction objectives,the weight of the main criteria could be determined.Five grades in the suitability corresponding to the evaluation result were divided,and the Python language was used to create an evaluation system for efficient calculation and intuitive presentation of the evaluation outcome.Eight marine cases were simulated based on existing survey data,and the results prove that the method is feasible for evaluating and analyzing the site selection of bottom-seeding culture areas for scallops under various environmental situations.The proposed evaluation method can be promoted for the site selection of bottom-seeding marine ranching.This study provided theoretical and methodological references for the site selection evaluation of other types of marine ranching.

The environmental analysis and site selection of mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas based on high resolution remote sensing

Mussel aquaculture and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas and their environmental characteristics in Zhoushan were analyzed using satellite data and in-situ surveys.A new two-step remote sensing method was proposed and applied to determine the basic environmental characteristics of the best mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas.This methodology includes the first step of extraction of the location distribution and the second step of the extraction of internal environmental factors.The fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)was established to extract the mussel and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan,using Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6)satellite data with a special resolution of 2 m.In the second step,the environmental factors such as sea surface temperature(SST),chlorophyll a(Chl-a)concentration,current and tide,suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in mussel aquaculture area and large yellow croaker aquaculture area were extracted and analyzed in detail.The results show the following three points.(1)For the extraction of the mussel aquaculture area,FRI1 and FRI2 are complementary,and the combination of FRI1 and FRI2 is suitable to extract the mussel aquaculture area.As for the large yellow croaker aquaculture area extraction,FRI2 is suitable.(2)Mussel aquaculture and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan are mainly located on the side near the islands that are away from the eastern open waters.The water environment factor template suitable for mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture was determined.(3)This two-step remote sensing method can be used for the preliminary screening of potential site selection for the mussels and large yellow croaker aquaculture area in the future.the fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)in this paper can be applied to extract the mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas in coastal waters around the world.

A preliminary site selection system for underground hydrogen storage in salt caverns and its application in Pingdingshan,China

Large‐scale underground hydrogen storage(UHS)provides a promising method for increasing the role of hydrogen in the process of carbon neutrality and energy transition.Of all the existing storage deposits,salt caverns are recognized as ideal sites for pure hydrogen storage.Evaluation and optimization of site selection for hydrogen storage facilities in salt caverns have become significant issues.In this article,the software CiteSpace is used to analyze and filter hot topics in published research.Based on a detailed classification and analysis,a“four‐factor”model for the site selection of salt cavern hydrogen storage is proposed,encompassing the dynamic demands of hydrogen energy,geological,hydrological,and ground factors of salt mines.Subsequently,20 basic indicators for comprehensive suitability grading of the target site were screened using the analytic hierarchy process and expert survey methods were adopted,which provided a preliminary site selection system for salt cavern hydrogen storage.Ultimately,the developed system was applied for the evaluation of salt cavern hydrogen storage sites in the salt mines of Pingdingshan City,Henan Province,thereby confirming its rationality and effectiveness.This research provides a feasible method and theoretical basis for the site selection of UHS in salt caverns in China.

Optimal urban EV charging station site selection and capacity determination considering comprehensive benefits of vehicle-station-grid

This paper presents an optimization model for the location and capacity of electric vehicle(EV)charging stations.The model takes the multiple factors of the“vehicle-station-grid”system into account.Then,ArcScene is used to couple the road and power grid models and ensure that the coupling system is strictly under the goal of minimizing the total social cost,which includes the operator cost,user charging cost,and power grid loss.An immune particle swarm optimization algorithm(IPSOA)is proposed in this paper to obtain the optimal coupling strategy.The simulation results show that the algorithm has good convergence and performs well in solving multi-modal problems.It also balances the interests of users,operators,and the power grid.Compared with other schemes,the grid loss cost is reduced by 11.1%and 17.8%,and the total social cost decreases by 9.96%and 3.22%.

Nest Site Selection of Loggerhead and Leatherback Sea Turtles at the Eastern Coast of Inhaca Island, Mozambique

Nest site selection represents an important reproductive strategy for sea turtles as it can strongly affect the development and survival of the offsprings and the reproductive fitness of the adults. In this study we analyzed the nest site selection of loggerhead and leatherback turtles and the factors correlated with that selection at Inhaca Island. The spatial position of the nests was recorded during sea turtles nests monitoring and six nesting seasons were used. Satellite images of Inhaca were used to characterize some of the beach features that might be correlated with nest site selection. Nest distribution analysis revealed that loggerhead turtles tend to spread their nests along the entire beach, but a higher aggregation of nests was evident at the northern most section of the eastern coast. Leatherback turtles tend to nest in a restricted area, with approximately 40% nests at the central sections of the coast. Beach height was the physical variable significantly correlated to loggerhead＇s nest density （r = 0.309, N = 125, P 〈 0.01） while fin grain particles （specifically 0.125 mm grain size particles） （r = 0.399, N = 125, P 〈 0.01） and organic content （r = 0.218, N = 125, P 〈 0.05） were the variables significantly correlated to leatherback＇s nest density. No other factors investigated affected nest site selection of either species.

基于AHP-GIS的建筑垃圾逆向物流产业园选址研究

各类新旧建筑在建造和拆除过程中会产生大量建筑垃圾,从而给建筑垃圾的管理带来巨大压力。为了有效管理建筑垃圾和实现建筑垃圾逆向物流的系统化、规模化、高效化,运用系统动力学理论与方法,构建了建筑垃圾逆向物流SD模型,并对建筑垃圾逆向物流综合效益进行了分析。结合产业园选址要求,从经济、环境、社会3个维度,选取10个影响因素,构建了建筑垃圾逆向物流产业园综合效益选址指标体系。通过AHP确定指标权重,并运用ArcGIS软件对指标图层进行叠加,从而实现建筑垃圾逆向物流产业园的选址。以西安市为例,利用ArcGIS软件中欧氏距离分析、重分类分析和栅格计算器等功能模块分析了各指标的适宜性,得到了西安市建筑垃圾逆向物流产业园的最佳选址区域,验证了模型的可行性。该选址方法可为国内其他城市的相关规划提供参考。

基于GIS-AHP的防灾避难绿地规划选址研究——以太原市为例

【目的】防灾避难绿地的建设是城市安全工程的重要工作。为增强对未来灾害的应对能力,太原市在城市建设方面做了很多工作,但目前仍然存在防灾避难绿地数量不足、分布不合理、选址缺乏科学量化的依据等问题。【方法】为解决这些问题,对太原市防灾避难绿地现状问题及选址规划进行研究,筛选出防灾避难绿地的影响因素,用层次分析法计算权重、用GIS技术进行空间分析,得出科学的选址结果。最后以太原市迎泽区作为实证研究对象,提出具体的选址建议。【结果】该方法可以为太原市防灾避难绿地的选址提供科学的理论依据,为提升城市防灾避难能力,建设生态宜居城市作出专业的贡献。

Influence of site selection on natural ventilation in Chinese traditional folk house

The relationship between the site selection of a hilly terrain and the natural ventilation of the Dangdamen building complex,which is a traditional folk house,is revealed by a computational fluid dynamics（CFD）simulation.The wind press and speed distributions around the building in four cases with different weather conditions and topographies are simulated.The simulation results show that a hill can reduce the absolute values of the wind pressure at the windward and leeward sides of the building.The encouraging effect of the patio on the natural ventilation in a terrain with a hill is greater than that without a hill.The same situation occurs when comparing the patio effects between summer and winter.The wind speed around the building can be reduced by the hill as it is an obstacle and the degrees of the influence of the hill in summer and in winter are quite different because of different wind directions.The analysis results show that this kind of site selection,with the hill to the north,is a suitable way to settle the conflict of the natural ventilation requirements in summer and in winter under subtropical climate conditions,especially in houses with patios.

Flexible nest site selection of the endangered Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana):Trade-off from adaptive strategies

Nest site selection is a vital component of bird reproduction success,and an adaptive behavior conducted to decrease nest predation risk with avoiding external disturbances.Understanding patterns of nest site selection can provide insights into how species adapt to changes in their habitat and has important conservation implications.In this study,we used microhabitat variables and multi-scale data with a field survey of nest occurrence to determine nest site selection patterns and adaptive strategies of the breeding Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana)in different nest areas.Results demonstrate that the nest site microhabitat characteristics of the breeding Oriental Storks significantly differed among the three nesting areas,and nest height was higher in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain than in the Northeast China and Bohai Bay nest areas.The food resources and intensity of human disturbance had the greatest effects on the nest site selection of the breeding Oriental Storks.The intensity of human disturbance was positively correlated with the nest height of the breeding Oriental Storks in Bohai Bay and the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain;however,nest height decreased with the abundance of food resources in the Northeast China nest area.Our findings indicate that the nest site selection patterns of Oriental Storks showed flexible adaptive strategies.In safer environments,nests were lower and closer to food resources,which allows parent storks to invest more in the nestlings.However,in areas where human activity was intense,nests were higher to ensure the safety of their offspring.Some measures that could be taken to improve the breeding habitat of Oriental Storks include increasing the percentage of wetland areas in nesting areas to enhance food resources availability and setting artificial nests at suitable heights in potential nesting grounds to encourage nesting.Finally,the establishment of soft barriers around the nesting areas could increase the safety of nests.

基于国产GIS+BIM图形引擎的大场景铁路选线系统研发

针对铁路工程大场景选线设计中的地理地质信息即时服务支撑不足与软件平台“卡脖子”等难题,亟需研发具备国产自主可控性的大场景铁路选线系统。首先,结合铁路工程大场景选线设计的工作特点,构建含地理地质环境和选线设计一体化协同业务架构,从系统运行需要具备高扩展、高可用、可弹性伸缩的要求出发,选择并应用Kubernetes+Istio+gRPC微服务系统架构,构建包含数据资源层、基础设施层、数据服务层、核心组件层、应用服务层等基础支撑的技术架构。其次,选用广联达国产BIM几何造型和渲染引擎,并针对铁路线性工程大场景特点突破网格造型轻量化技术和GIS数据融合技术。然后,基于系统架构设计国产图形引擎,研发包含公共能力、地理地质数据动态加载、选线设计工程造价、协同设计等模块的大场景铁路选线系统。最后,系统在长赣、宜涪等约1440 km的铁路选线设计中成功应用,提高线路方案优化决策的质量和效率。系统研发结果表明,大场景铁路选线系统基于自主国产图形引擎,并整合最新的BIM和GIS技术,为用户提供一站式的选线设计服务,系统实现地理地质场景的高效构建及协同选线设计的高效实施,通过在长赣、宜涪等铁路选线设计中应用这些研究成果,进一步验证了其实用性和有效性,这些应用不仅为铁路工程带来了显著的经济效益,还为社会和生态环境带来了积极的影响。

基于效用理论的GIS系统在老年住宅选址上的应用分析

本研究从老年住宅选址角度出发,整合了与老年人密切相关的21项设施与社会经济要素,通过层次分析法赋予其权重并进行二次筛选,利用效用理论建立老年住宅选址的适宜性客观评价模型,基于GIS系统结合西安市现有资源呈现可视化结果,最终确定最适宜老年住宅选址的六处区域,旨在为今后养老建筑的发展建设提供参考。

Landfill Sites Identification Using GIS and Multi-Criteria Method: A Case Study of Intermediate City of Punjab, Pakistan

Escalation in population over time triggered the abrupt exploitation of natural resources for human survival trough industrialization that ultimately caused splendid increase in the waste generation. This industrial development resulted in the migration of rural community toward urban areas. Management of urban waste is a great challenge for the urban administration. However, technologies have been developed to manage the waste in environmental friendly and sustainable manner. Sanitary landfill sites are one of the latest methods of disposing the municipal solid waste in an environment friendly and sustainable manner. Government and administrative authorities are adopting this technology for the management of urban solid waste. Present study is about identifying landfill sites for the Sahiwal city with an area of 1160 square kilometer and projected population of 1.57 million persons in 2016. Geographical Information System (GIS) is used for the identification of appropriate landfill site (LFS) that can fulfill the need of city in future and is selected based on the sustainable and eco-friendly criteria. The criteria are developed keeping in view the proximity from several land-use features i.e. water bodies, roads, settlements, agricultural land, bare land and existing disposal sites. The weights of the criteria are quantified using pair-wise comparison method in Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The weights are incorporated in GIS spatial data environment and are assigned to proximity threshold of each criterion. Ultimately a map for each criterion is developed highlighting suitable, least suitable, less suitable and un-suitable areas with respect to each specific criterion. These maps are spatially overlaid which result in a final map that identifies most suitable landfill sites for solid waste disposal. The five identified sites are then prioritized based on their distances from the city center and area available. All identified sites are on the bare land and contain considerable buffer from environmentally sensitive receptors.

特高压GIS设备现场标准雷电冲击耐压试验技术的应用

气体绝缘金属封闭组合电器(GIS)在电力系统中应用广泛,其运行安全可靠对电力系统至关重要。现场雷电冲击耐压试验受制于设备体积和回路电感,难以在GIS变电站,尤其是特高压GIS变电站应用。本文分析了目前GIS设备冲击耐压试验现状,并从波形参数、电压极性和加压间隔时间等方面阐述了GIS设备冲击电压绝缘缺陷检出影响因素。基于研发的特高压GIS变电站现场冲击耐压试验用的可移动式气体绝缘标准雷电冲击试验成套设备,成功在1000 kV南京站和苏州站开展了现场标准雷电冲击耐压试验。

运行状态下GIS设备振动特性差异性研究

机械类缺陷/故障是当前GIS设备最为常见的问题之一,对于此类缺陷目前尚无可用的现场检测装置及机械缺陷评估方法。文中通过现场检测方式,开展了220 kV及550 kV GIS不同气室的振动特征对比分析研究。研究结果表明:三相母线室的振幅最高,可能原因在于三相母线在壳体上产生的磁感应强度更大,壳体的振动幅值更大;同类气室不同测点的幅频特性相关系数均在0.993以上,不同类气室的测量结果相关系数较低,幅频特性及其相关系数可以在一定程度上表征GIS的不同气室振动状态;振幅和相位、检测位置和电压等级之间相关性不强;大多数气室主要频率成分均为100 Hz,避雷器振动的主要频率变为300 Hz,可能与避雷器内部轻微缺陷有关。