Deformation behaviors and processing maps of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by flake powder metallurgy

Deformation behaviors of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by the method of flake powder metallurgy were investigated by hot compression tests, which were performed in the temperature range of 300?550 °C and strain rate range of 0.001? 10 s?1 with Gleeble?3500 thermal simulator system. Processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains were calculated to study the optimum processing domain. Microstructures before and after hot compressions were characterized by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. Stress?strain curves indicate that the flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate and the decrease of temperature. The processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains show that the optimum processing domain is 500?550 °C, 10 s?1 for hot working. EBSD analysis demonstrates that fully dynamic recrystallization occurs in the optimum processing domain (high strainrate 10 s?1), whereas the main soften mechanism is dynamic recovery at low strain rate (0.001 s?1).

Effect of mechanical alloying time and rotation speed on evolution of CNTs/Al-2024 composite powders

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by mechanical milling followed by hot extrusion. The commercial Al-2024 alloy with 1% CNTs was milled under various ball milling conditions. Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the milled powder and consolidated bulk materials were examined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） and mechanical test. The effect of CNTs concentration and milling time on the microstructure of the CNTs/Al-2024 composites was studied. Based on the structural observation, the formation behavior of nanostructure in ball milled powder was discussed. The results show that the increment in the milling time and ration speed, for a fixed amount of CNTs, causes a reduction of the particle size of powders resulting from MM. The finest particle size was obtained after 15 h of milling. Moreover, the composite had an increase in tensile strength due to the small amount of CNTs addition.

CNTs对多道次低温轧制Mg-2Zn合金板材动态再结晶及力学性能的影响

采用多道次轧制技术制备了不同碳纳米管(CNTs)含量的Mg-2Zn基复合材料板材,利用EBSD、TEM等技术研究了板材的微观组织演变规律,结合拉伸实验分析了板材的强化机理。结果表明:在轧制过程中晶界处的CNTs能够阻碍位错运动,使位错在晶界处堆积,导致局部应力集中,促进变形孪晶的产生。变形孪晶诱发动态再结晶(DRX)发生,在孪晶内和孪晶界区域发剧烈的动态再结晶(DRX),导致终态高CNTs含量(CNTs含量为0.6%)的板材的基面织构强度趋弱。CNTs主要影响了板材的织构状态,随着CNTs含量的增加,板材的(0001)基面强度逐渐降低,从轧向(RD)向横向(TD)劈裂,降低了基面织构的强度。在CNTs、细晶和织构强化下,0.4%CNTs/Mg-2Zn复合材料的抗拉强度为283 MPa、屈服强度为260 MPa、伸长率为4%。

Compocasting of A356-CNT composite

A356 aluminum alloys reinforced with carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) were produced by stir casting and compocasting routes and their microstructural characteristics and hardness were examined.In order to alleviate the problems associated with poor wettability, agglomeration and gravity segregation of CNTs in the melt, CNTs were introduced into the melts by injection of CNT deposited aluminum particles instead of raw CNTs.Aluminum particles with mean diameters of less than 100 μm were first deposited by CNTs using Ni-P electroless plating technique and then injected into the melt agitated by a mechanical stirrer.The slurry was subsequently cast at temperatures corresponding to full liquid as well as 0.15 and 0.30 solid fractions.The results show that addition of CNTs to A356 matrix can significantly refine both full liquid and semi-solid cast microstructures.Hardness of the samples is also significantly increased by addition of CNTs and A356-CNT composite cast at 0.3 solid fraction produces the highest hardness.

Si/Cu3_Si@C Composite Encapsulated in CNTs Network as High Performance Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries

Si/Cu3Si@C composites encapsulated in CNTs network(SCC-CNTs) were synthesized via the combination of ball-milling and CVD methods. SCC-CNTs consist of conductive Cu3Si, amorphous carbon layer, cross-linked CNTs, and the etched pores, which can play the synergistic effects on the improvement of electronic conductivity and Li^+ diffusion. The volume expansion of Si anode is also suppressed during the electrochemical process. The SCC-CNTs composites demonstrate a remarkably improved electrochemical performance compared with pure Si, which can deliver a discharge capacity of 2 171 mAh·g^-1 at 0.4 A·g^-1 with ICE of 85.2%, and retain 1197 mAh· g^-1 after 150 cycles. This work provides a facile approach to massively produce the high-performance Si-based anode materials for next-generation LIBs.

Optimization of Process Parameters for in High-Energy Ball Milling of CNTs/Al2024 Composites Through Response Surface Methodology

The mathematical models are developed to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength( UTS) and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites fabricated by high-energy ball milling. The effects of the preparation variables which are milling time,rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs and ball to powder ratio on UST and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites are investigated. Based on the central composite design( CCD),a quadratic model is developed to correlate the fabrication variables to the UST and hardness. From the analysis of variance( ANOVA),the most influential factor on each experimental design response is identified. The optimum conditions for preparing CNTs / Al2024 composites are found as follows: 1. 53 h milling time,900 r / min rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs 2. 87% and Ball to powder ratio 25 ∶ 1. The predicted maximum UST and hardness are 273.30 MPa and 261.36 HV,respectively. And the experimental values are 283.25 MPa and256.8 HV,respectively. It is indicated that the predicted UST and hardness after process optimization are found to agree satisfactory with the experimental values.

Fabrication and characterization of GNPs and CNTs reinforced Al7075 matrix composites through the stir casting process

This study investigated the effects of adding graphene nanoplates(GNPs)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)into the Al7075 matrix via the stir casting method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated composites.By increasing the volume fraction of rein-forcements,the fraction of porosity increased.The X-ray diffraction results showed that the addition of reinforcements into the Al7075 changed the dominant crystal orientation from(002)to(111).Field emission scanning electron microscopy images also showed the distribution of clustered reinforcements in the matrix.Between the two reinforcements,the addition of CNTs generated a lower fraction of porosities.Through the addition of 0.52vol%GNPs into the matrix,the hardness,ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation increased by 44%,32%,and 180%,respectively.Meanwhile,the presence of 0.71vol%CNTs in the matrix increased the hardness,tensile strength and uniform elongation by 108%,129%,and 260%,respectively.

球磨方式对CNTs/Al复合材料显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用湿法球磨和干法球磨两种方式制备碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)和铝的复合粉体,再使用放电等离子烧结结合热挤压的工艺制备碳纳米管增强铝基(CNTs/Al)复合材料,系统研究了制备工艺-组织结构-材料性能之间的关系。结果表明,相较于干法球磨,湿法球磨可以更好地分散碳纳米管,且显著减少对其结构的破坏;乙醇球磨介质具有冷却作用,在减少粉体冷焊的同时有助于细化Al基体晶粒,从而使复合材料获得出色的力学性能。乙醇湿法球磨6 h后烧结并热挤压的2%CNTs/Al复合材料抗拉强度达到207 MPa。

Buckling analysis of shear deformable composite conical shells reinforced by CNTs subjected to combined loading on the two-parameter elastic foundation

The main objective of this study is to investigate the buckling analysis of CCSs reinforced by CNTs subjected to combined loading of hydrostatic pressure and axial compression resting on the twoparameter elastic foundation(T-P-EF).It is one of the first attempts to derive the governing equations of the CCSs reinforced with CNTs,based on a generalized first-order shear deformation shell theory(FSDST)which includes shell-foundation interaction.By adopting the extended mixing rule,the effective material properties of CCSs reinforced by CNTs with linear distributions are approximated by introducing some efficiency parameters.Three carbon nanotube distribution in the matrix,i.e.uniform distribution(U)and V and X-types linear distribution are taken into account.The stability equations are solved by using the Galerkin procedure to determine the combined buckling loads(CBLs)of the structure selected here.The numerical illustrations cover CBLs characteristics of CCSs reinforced by CNTs in the presence of the T-P-EF.Finally,a parametric study is carried out to study the influences of the foundation parameters,the volume fraction of carbon nanotubes and the types of reinforcement on the CBLs.

双模CNT/Al复合材料变形过程的代表性体积单元模拟

目的研究双模CNT/Al复合材料在塑性加工过程中的微观结构演变行为。方法通过ABAQUS/Python二次开发,对双模CNT/Al复合材料代表性体积单元(RVE)进行参数化建模,并基于显式动力学求解器和欧拉-拉格朗日耦合技术,对双模CNT/Al复合材料RVE模型的单向压缩过程和挤压过程进行数值模拟分析。结果单向压缩模拟结果显示,结构心部异质区两侧的等效塑性应变较大,结构边缘基体区域的等效塑性应变相对较小;最大等效应力位于结构边角处的基体区域,而结构心部异质区的等效应力则相对较小。通过对异质区材料和形态的影响规律进行分析发现,当异质区为粗晶材料时,其变形后的形态更趋于扁平,而当异质区为细晶材料时,其变形后的形态更接近椭圆。通过挤压过程的模拟,实现了对变形过程中双模组织结构变化的分析,模拟结果显示,材料表面与模具贴合良好,异质区随变形的进行被不断拉长,部分异质区由于拉伸程度过大,甚至出现了分离的情况。结论提出的模拟方法为双模CNT/Al复合材料的挤压变形工艺设计和变形后组织结构预测提供了有效手段。

Mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi_(10)Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering

The mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi10Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated. The results showed that the densities of the sintered composites gradually increased with increasing sintering temperature and that the highest microhardness and compressive strength were achieved in the specimen sintered at 450A degrees C. CNTs dispersed uniformly in the Al-Si10Mg matrix when the addition of CNTs was less than 1.5wt%. However, when the addition of CNTs exceeded 1.5wt%, the aggregation of CNTs was clearly observed. Moreover, the mechanical properties (including the densities, compressive strength, and microhardness) of the composites changed with CNT content and reached a maximum value when the CNT content was 1.5wt%. Meanwhile, the minimum average friction coefficient and wear rate of the CNT/AlSi10Mg composites were obtained with 1.0wt% CNTs.

Hot deformation and processing maps of as-sintered CNT/Al-Cu composites fabricated by flake powder metallurgy

The deformation behaviors of as-sintered CNT/Al-Cu composites were investigated by isothermal compression tests performed in the temperature range of 300-550°C and strain rate range of 0.001-10 s-1 with Gleeble 3500 thermal simulator system.Processing maps based on dynamic material model(DMM)were established at strains of 0.1-0.6,and microstructures before and after hot deformation were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM).The results show that the strain has a significant influence on the processing maps,and the optimum processing domains are at temperatures of 375-425°C with strain rates of 0.4-10 s-1 and at 525-550°C with 0.02-10 s-1 when the strain is 0.6.An inhomogeneous distribution of large particles,as well as a high density of tangled dislocations,dislocation walls,and some sub-grains appears at low deformation temperatures and strain rates,which correspond to the instability domain.A homogeneous distribution of fine particles and dynamic recrystallization generates when the composites are deformed at 400 and 550°C under a strain rate of 10 s-1,which correspond to the stability domains.

Microstructures of electron beam welding joint of CNTs/Al composites

Carbon nauotube（ CNT） reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites were welded by electron beam welding and the microstructures of welded joints were investigated. The result showed that the interracial reaction happened between the CNTs and Al matrix, which resulted in producing brittle Al4 C3 compounds in electron beam welds. The extent of interfacial reaction varies gradually in the depth and width direction. The length of the reactants Al4C3 became short duo to the temperature gradient in the molten pool. The quantity and size of Al4 C3 compounds increased with the increase of beam current and the decrease of welding speed in the middle zone of weld. However, no needle-like phase Al4C3 was observed in HAZ.

CNTs/Cu层状复合材料的制备及其组织和性能研究

采用扩散结合法将分散后的碳纳米管附着在铜箔表面,经裁剪、堆叠和预压后使用真空热压烧结炉进行烧结,制备出具有优良导电性的CNTs/Cu层状复合材料。使用SEM、EDS和XRD等对样品的微观形貌和成分进行表征,使用显微硬度计和导电率检测仪等对样品性能进行测试。结果表明:在热压烧结过程中,一定量铜扩散到CNTs层中,有效改善了碳纳米管层和铜层的结合能力。相比于纯铜,CNTs/Cu层状复合材料在硬度提高45%的同时,在平行于碳纳米管层方向导电率达到91%IACS,而垂直于碳纳米管层方向也仍具有80.6%IACS的导电率。

烧结温度对CNTs/Cu复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

采用电泳沉积法在铜箔上沉积碳纳米管,层层堆叠后在不同烧结温度(550,650,750,850,950℃)下热压烧结制备碳纳米管增强铜基(CNTs/Cu)复合材料,研究了烧结温度对复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度升高,复合材料中孔隙的数量减少,尺寸减小,碳纳米管分布均匀性增大,铜晶粒尺寸增大,退火孪晶晶粒尺寸增大但数量减少;随着烧结温度升高,复合材料的抗拉强度和显微硬度均呈先减小后增大的趋势,断后伸长率变化呈非单调性变化;当烧结温度为650℃时,复合材料的抗拉强度和显微硬度适中,断后伸长率最大,综合力学性能最好。

CNT薄膜电热原位共固化复合材料板的温度均匀性研究

碳纳米管(CNT)薄膜电加热原位共固化复合材料是一种免热压罐的高效节能工艺方法,是国家“双碳”战略下制备碳纤维复合材料的新途径。然而,在固化过程中CNT薄膜电加热的不均匀温度分布,易导致复合材料成型质量差,进而限制其应用。为此,研究揭示了CNT薄膜的电加热特性,阐明了加载电压、预浸料层数以及CNT薄膜层数/尺寸对复合材料温度分布的影响规律。结果表明,CNT薄膜具有高电热转换效率和良好的热稳定性,增加CNT薄膜层数和尺寸有利于改善复合材料面内温度分布。对于12层200 mm×180 mm预浸料,采用1.7倍尺寸的双层CNT薄膜可将复合材料固化过程中的面内温差降低至4℃以内,固化度达到99%以上,且相比传统烘箱固化,复合材料的拉伸强度提高了6.99%。研究结果为发展CNT薄膜电热原位共固化复合材料结构的温度均匀调控方法奠定了基础。

CNT/乙炔黑复合导电剂对LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2)的影响

为解决乙炔黑单一导电剂自身团聚的问题,采用含碳纳米管(CNT)的导电浆料进行改性。复合后,直径80~100 nm的球形乙炔黑颗粒均匀分散在直径20 nm的CNT表面,比表面积提高至107.96 m^(2)/g。与乙炔黑导电剂电池相比,CNT/乙炔黑电池的电化学阻抗更小、CV曲线面积更大,氧化峰和还原峰的电位差较小(0.19 V),以200 mA/g在2.75~4.20 V循环,首次充放电比容量分别为151.8 mAh/g和155.5 mAh/g,首次库仑效率为97.6%。第200次循环的放电比容量为141.9 mAh/g,容量保持率为92.4%。在5.0 C倍率下,CNT/乙炔黑电池的放电比容量为116.9 mAh/g,倍率性能更好。

CNTs@S composite as cathode for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries with ultralong cycle life

The main challenges in development of traditional liquid lithium-sulfur batteries are the shuttle effect at the cathode caused by the polysulfide and the safety concern at the Li metal anode arose from the dendrite formation.All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries have been proposed to solve the shuttle effect and prevent short circuits.However,solid-solid contacts between the electrodes and the electrolyte increase the interface resistance and stress/strain,which could result in the limited electrochemical performances.In this work,the cathode of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries is prepared by depositing sulfur on the surface of the carbon nanotubes(CNTs@S)and further mixing with Li10GeP2S12 electrolyte and acetylene black agents.At 60℃,CNTs@S electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance,delivering the reversible discharge capacities of 1193.3,959.5,813.1,569.6 and 395.5 mAhg^-1 at the rate of 0.1,0.5,1,2 and 5 C,respectively.Moreover,the CNTs@S is able to demonstrate superior high-rate capability of 660.3 mAhg^-1 and cycling stability of 400 cycles at a high rate of 1.0 C.Such uniform distribution of the CNTs,S and Li10GeP2S12 electrolyte increase the electronic and ionic conductivity between the cathode and the electrolyte hence improves the rate performance and capacity retention.

负载CNT@ZnO的CNT/PAN复合纤维膜的制备与表征

以碳纳米管(CNT)为催化剂载体,利用化学沉淀法合成氧化锌/碳纳米管(CNT@ZnO)复合纳米粒子。CNT作为光敏化剂被可见光照射时会产生光生电子-空穴对,经过CNT网络传输,CNT导带上的电子被注入到ZnO的导带上,从而实现光生电子-空穴对的有效分离,对染料有稳定的光催化效果。通过组装将复合纳米粒子稳定沉积在静电纺CNT/PAN复合纤维膜表面,制备功能性复合纤维膜。结果表明,改性复合纤维膜具有极佳的亲水性,拉伸强度明显增强,对阴、阳离子染料均具有良好的光催化效果。

Preparation of Ni-CNT composite coatings on aluminum substrate and its friction and wear behavior

Nickel-carbon nanotube(CNT) composite coatings with a Zn-Ni interlayer were prepared by electrodeposition technique on aluminum substrate. The effects of CNT concentration in plating bath on the volume fraction of CNTs in the deposits and the coating growth rate were investigated. The friction and wear behavior of the Ni-CNT composite coatings were examined using a pin-on-disk wear tester under dry sliding conditions at a sliding speed of 0.062 3 m/s and load range from 12 N to 150 N. Because of the reinforcement of CNTs in the composite coatings, at lower applied loads, the wear resistance was improved with increasing volume fraction of CNTs. Since cracking and peeling occur on the worn surface, the wear rates of composite coatings with high volume fraction of CNTs increase rapidly at higher applied loads. The friction coefficient of the composite coatings decreases with the increasing volume fraction of CNTs due to the reinforcement and self-lubrication of CNTs.