Monitoring absolute vertical land motions and absolute sea-level changes from GPS and tide gauges data over French Polynesia

In this study,we estimate the absolute vertical land motions at three tidal stations with collocated Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)receivers over French Polynesia during the period 2007-2020,and obtain,as ancillary results,estimates of the absolute changes in sea level at the same locations.To verify our processing approach to determining vertical motion,we first modeled vertical motion at the International GNSS Service(IGS)THTI station located in the capital island of Tahiti and compared our estimate with previous independent determinations,with a good agreement.We obtained the following estimates for the vertical land motions at the tide gauges:Tubuai island,Austral Archipelago-0.92±0.17 mm/yr,Vairao village,Tahiti Iti:-0.49±0.39 mm/yr,Rikitea,Gambier Archipelago-0.43±0.17 mm/yr.The absolute variations of the sea level are:Tubuai island,Austral Archipelago 5.25±0.60 mm/yr,Vairao village,Tahiti Iti:3.62±0.52 mm/yr,Rikitea,Gambier Archipelago 1.52±0.23 mm/yr.We discuss these absolute values in light of the values obtained from altimetric measurements and other means in French Polynesia.

Research on Deformation Mode of the Longmenshan-Longriba Region Using GPS and Leveling Data

The Longmenshan-Longriba region is located on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and is an ideal place to study the eastward extrusion and uplift mechanism of the plateau. Previous studies on this area mainly focused on tectonic activity and seismic hazard, with few studies giving its overall deformation characteristics and dynamic mechanism. This paper uses the latest dense GPS data, combined with precise Leveling data to analyze the kinematic characteristics and deformation mode of the Longmenshan fault zone (LMSF) and the Longriba fault zone (LRBF). The results show that both the Longmenshan fault zone and the Longriba fault zone have certain right-lateral strike-slip and thrusting, indicating that they play an important role in adjusting strain distribution and absorbing tectonic deformation;The strain-rate field on the Longriba fault zone is broadly distributed, suggesting that the deformation field is at least partially coupled;while the strain-rate field on the Longmenshan fault zone presents a non-uniform distribution, indicating different dynamic sources acting on segments. The high strain rate areas revealed in this study points us to the high-risk area for future earthquakes. The present-day vertical motion velocity field in the region obtained from Leveling and GPS data shows a mismatch between the regional deformation field and active tectonics, which can be explained by the incomplete coupling of deformation between the lower and upper crust.

复杂环境下结合EMD的GPS-IR水位反演方法

利用法国布雷斯特(Brest)港BRST测站和英国塞文大桥监测系统GNSS双频观测数据,分别在静态和高动态环境下进行GPS-IR水位反演,探究传统GNSS监测系统进行水位反演的可行性与精度.结果表明:L1波段反演精度高于L2波段;在静态场景下,GPS-IR水位反演结果与验潮站数据相关系数大于0.98,在高动态场景下,桥梁GPS-IR水位反演精度稍低.利用经验模态分解(EMD)方法对算法进行改进,提高了在桥梁复杂环境下GPS-IR水位反演结果的精度,均方根误差(RMSE)相比经典方法降低约50%.本文方法提高了GPS-IR技术在不同水域环境下的适用性,在水位监测中具有很好的应用前景.

联合GPS和InSAR研究海原-六盘山断裂现今的地壳变形特征

海原—六盘山构造区为青藏高原东北部构造变形最为显著的区域之一,历史强震活动频繁,是研究青藏高原NE向扩展的重要窗口和地震孕育过程的理想场所。文中处理了跨海原-六盘山断裂2014—2020年期间2个轨道的时序Sentinel-1A/B SAR数据,获得了该区域InSAR视线向现今的地壳形变场。融合公开发表的近十多年时间尺度的水平GPS地壳运动速度场,获得了研究区高密度地壳水平形变场。对比GPS、水准和InSAR观测结果,以及GPS-InSAR融合的高密度水平形变场,分析讨论了该区域的地壳形变、应变场特征及其与构造之间的对应关系。主要结论如下:1)GPS和InSAR观测表明,1920年海原8.5级大地震的震后黏弹性松弛效应在海原断裂南侧至今仍较为明显;2)GPS-InSAR高分辨率水平形变场表明,狭义海原断裂左旋滑动速率的递减主要发生在中东段,而中西段递减并不显著,可能与海原断裂向六盘山断裂之间由左旋走滑向逆冲推覆构造转换有关;3)六盘山断裂中—南段的地壳垂直形变和水平形变场特征均显示,该段断裂可能处于强震孕育的中晚期,根据反演得到的断层运动参数和地震地质资料,估算六盘山断裂中—南段发生强震的最大矩震级约达7.5级;4)研究区应变积累较快的区域主要集中在海原断裂附近和海原断裂—香山-天景山断裂之间的左旋剪切区,香山-天景山断裂东南段的应变率场和周围相比明显偏小,存在应变不匹配现象,可能与强震孕育有关。

Present-day 3D deformation field of Northeast China,observed by GPS and leveling

A broad view of present-day 3D deformation field around the Northeast China region was derived from GPS and leveling observations. We draw the following conclusions： First, the Northeast China region moved towards northwest with an average velocity of 5 ram/a, with respect to South China. The entire Northeast China region was in a low strain state from the strain rate field. Second, we processed two periods of first- order leveling data in 1970s and 1990s, showing the vertical deformation of the Northeast China region is ＂uplift in western part and subsidence in eastern part＇

Deformation Evolution Characteristics Revealed by GPS and Cross-fault Leveling Data before the M_S8. 0 Wenchuan Earthquake

Based on GPS velocity during 1999-2007,GPS baseline time series on large scale during1999-2008 and cross-fault leveling data during 1985-2008,the paper makes some analysis and discussion to study and summarize the movement,tectonic deformation and strain accumulation evolution characteristics of the Longmenshan fault and the surrounding area before the MS8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake,as well as the possible physical mechanism late in the seismic cycle of the Wenchuan earthquake. Multiple results indicate that:GPS velocity profiles show that obvious continuous deformation across the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake was distributed across a zone at least 500 km wide,while there was little deformation in Sichuan Basin and Longmenshan fault zone,which means that the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides energy accumulation for locked Longmenshan fault zone continuously. GPS strain rates show that the east-west compression deformation was larger in the northwest of the mid-northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone,and deformation amplitude decreased gradually from far field to near fault zone,and there was little deformation in fault zone. The east-west compression deformation was significant surrounding the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone,and strain accumulation rate was larger than that of mid-northern segment.Fault locking indicates nearly whole Longmenshan fault was locked before the earthquake except the source of the earthquake which was weakly locked,and a 20 km width patch in southwestern segment between 12 km to 22. 5 km depth was in creeping state. GPS baseline time series in northeast direction on large scale became compressive generally from 2005 in the North-South Seismic Belt,which reflects that relative compression deformation enhances. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate and deformation trend accumulation rate in the Longmenshan fault zone were little,which indicates that vertical activity near the fault was very weak and the fault was tightly locked. According to analyses of GPS and cross-fault leveling data before the Wenchuan earthquake,we consider that the Longmenshan fault is tightly locked from the surface to the deep,and the horizontal and vertical deformation are weak surrounding the fault in relatively small-scale crustal deformation. The process of weak deformation may be slow,and weak deformation area may be larger when large earthquake is coming. Continuous and slow compression deformation across eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake provides dynamic support for strain accumulation in the Longmenshan fault zone in relative large-scale crustal deformation.

Estimation of Subsidence in Po Delta Area (Northern Italy) by Integration of GPS Data, High-Precision Leveling and Archival Orthometric Elevations

Subsidence in a deformation area can be measured in various ways, examples being conventional high-precision leveling, differential InSAR and multi-temporal GPS surveys. Integration of methods can improve results, and is crucial to extract high-precision data. In particular, orthometric and ellipsoid elevations, surveyed at different moments in time, can be compared to yield information on vertical movements when geoid anomalies are known. However, a data checking procedure must be applied if archival orthometric elevations are used, because long-term measurements for many historical benchmarks may have been lost and/or replaced with other points, but at different elevations. This type of checking can be carried out over an area without gravimetric anomalies by modeling geoid undulations and vertical displacements in the time-span used for analysis, excluding points with anomalous values. This procedure was tested and applied in the Po Delta area (northern Italy), historically subject to high subsidence rates: the leveling benchmarks of 1983 were measured with the GPS technique in 2008. After checking of archival data and transformation from ellipsoid to orthometric elevations, comparisons of the same points and interpolations on the study area provided a subsidence map for the 1983-2008 period.

lncRNA-ATB/miR-141-3p/GP73轴介导EMT促进TACE抵抗的研究进展

经导管动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)广泛应用于中晚期肝癌的治疗。然而,反复的TACE治疗并非总能对预后产生积极影响,部分学者将此现象称为TACE抵抗。由于定义的模糊和关键性证据不足,TACE抵抗的概念尚存争议。前有研究表明,上皮–间充质转化(EMT)是肝癌复发转移的重要原因,而肝癌的转移或许是TACE抵抗发生的潜在机制之一,故本文主要讨论TACE抵抗的相关研究,特别关注了GP73、miR-141-3p、lncRNA-ATB等介导EMT潜在促使TACE抵抗发生的研究进展,期望为中晚期肝癌治疗提供新靶点和理论基础。

GPS三角高程测量方法的应用与解析

GPS三角高程方法是一种比较特殊的测量高程方法。本文通过对现有的测量方法和理念进行大体的概括和总结,对该方法的适合条件进行了简单的归纳,并将其原理和所处的背景以及现实意义进行简单的分析和探讨,利用实践得到的数据加以证明。原理介绍中涵盖了GPS三角高程测量的方法^([1]);通过计算公式推导出GPS三角高程的测量高差^([2]);介绍了精度和误差的相关要求和约束;涉及应用到的高程系统。对上述内容进行了系统的阐述、说明,最终证明GPS三角高程测量方法能够满足四等水准测量的精度要求,适用于特定地理条件下完成高程测量任务。

结合GPS/Leveling和正高改正确定GPS常年观测站正高

利用精密几何水准测量结合GPS/Leveling方法计算韩国行政自治部管辖内30所GPS常年观测站天线基准点的正高。并联合进行对水准点和GPS常年观测站偏心点的重力测量,使用正高改正方法计算出其改正量,提高正高的精确度。

基于GPS-水准联合监测技术的特大跨径桥梁控制测量研究

随着现代化建设进程的推进,跨径为几千米甚至十几千米的特大跨海桥梁日益增多,常规的控制网构建方案能否满足如此大尺寸桥梁工程施工的精度要求逐渐引起了建设行业的重视。本文以台州湾跨海大桥为例,在严格遵循测量原则的前提下提出了监测方案,并采用GPS技术及水准测量完成了平面控制测量和高程控制测量。结果表明,二等GPS控制网最弱边为TZQ5-TZQ6,相对精度为1/505000,控制网反算边长与实测边长的绝对误差在5 mm以内,最大相对误差1/140800,二等水准测量每千米水准测量偶然中误差为±0.29 mm,闭合差为0.5 mm,测量精度均满足相关规范的要求。本文所采用的控制网点位布设方法、监测方案及遵循原则等均能为建立特大跨海桥梁高精度控制网提供参考。

Comparative study on vertical deformation based on GPS and leveling data

The development of GPS(Global Positioning System) technology has led to increasingly widely and successful applications of GPS surveys for monitoring crustal movements. However, multi-period GPS survey solutions have not been applied in monitoring vertical crustal movements with normal backgrounds. In this paper, we carried out a comparative study on the vertical deformation of the comprehensive profile of the cross-fault zone in Shanyin, Shanxi province, China, based on GPS and precise leveling observation data for multiple time periods. The vertical deformation rates observed with repeating GPS survey are obviously different(over 20 mm/y at some sites) from those with repeating leveling survey within a relatively short period. However, the deviations in the vertical displacement between GPS and leveling in a long-term survey(over three years) showed good consistency at 3-4 mm/y at most sites, on GPS forced offset surveying and fixed survey instruments in a long-term survey(over three years). Therefore, GPS vertical displacement results can be applied to the study of vertical crustal movements.

On the Accuracy Assessment of the Latest Releases of GOCE Satellite-Based Geopotential Models with EGM2008 and Terrestrial GPS/Levelling and Gravity Data over Egypt

The Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) of GOCE (Gravity Recovery and steady- state Ocean Circulation Explorer) differ globally as well as regionally in their accuracy and resolution based on the maximum degree and order (d/o) of the fully normalized spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients, which express each GGM. The main idea of this study is to compare the free-air gravity anomalies and quasi geoid heights determined from several recent GOCE-based GGMs with the corresponding ones from the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008) over Egypt on the one hand and with ground-based measurements on the other hand. The results regarding to the comparison of GOCE-based GGMs with terrestrial gravity and GPS/levelling data provide better improvement with respect to EGM2008. The 4th release GOCE-based GGM developed with the use of space-wise solution strategy (SPW_R4) approximates the gravity field well over the Egyptian region. The SPW_R4 model is accordingly suggested as a reference model for recovering the long wavelength (up to SH d/o 200) components of quasi geoid heights when modelling the gravimetric quasi-geoid over the Egypt. Finally, three types of transformation models: Four-, Five- and Seven-parameter transformations have been applied to reduce the data biases and to provide a better fitting of quasi geoid heights obtained from the studied GOCE-based GGMs to those from GPS/levelling data. These models reveal that the standard deviation of vertical datum over Egypt is at the level of about 32 cm.

GPS连续站水平位置时间序列共模白噪声识别与估计的欧拉-滤波法

根据GPS误差的特征,以天津地区连续观测资料为例,提出了在局域空间尺度上采用欧拉-滤波法来识别与估计共模误差,结果表明:GPS连续站水平向时序观测资料包含着非常明显的共模误差;综合利用欧拉-滤波法可以对共模误差中的白噪声做出较有效的估计;测站的综合白噪声、共模白噪声、测站自身白噪声大小的统计比例约为2.0∶1.7∶1.0。通过对观测值的修正,信噪比可提高1倍。

利用GPS资料研究燕山-渤海带的运动状态

利用华北地区1999—2007年的GPS速度场资料,分析了燕山-渤海带的运动、变形状态及各时段不同位置的滑动和拉张速率。其中,1999—2001年阴山带表现为左旋剪切兼拉张的变形特征,但运动速率都不大,滑动速率不超过1.0mm/a,拉张速率不超过1.35mm/a;2004—2007年,阴山带的左旋滑动速率为0.04～1.59mm/a,拉张特性不显著,并且在2001—2004年该边界带活动明显减弱。张家口-渤海带在3个时间段均表现为左旋变形特征,滑动速率为0.7～1.55mm/a,有时挤压有时拉张,但速率都不超过1.0mm/a。

GPS/北斗-2组合定位性能的研究

今年年底北斗卫星导航系统已基本完成地球静止轨道卫星和倾斜地球同步轨道卫星的建设工作。目前,在中国及周边地区北斗导航系统已经可以单独提供定位服务。本文对GPS/北斗组合系统以及GPS北斗单独系统在上海的定位性能进行了评估,分析了在不同模式下的可视卫星数量、几何精度因子、定位的稳定性和准确性。结果表明组合定位进一步提高了单独系统模式下的定位性能,北斗系统目前在水平方向上的定位精度已经达到10米级。

基于GPS数据的海原-六盘山断裂带滑动速率亏损时空分布

利用青藏高原东北缘及周缘地区1999—2007年和2009—2014年2个时段的GPS水平运动速度场做约束,反演获取了海原-六盘山断裂带的闭锁程度和滑动速率亏损的时空分布演化。结果表明,海原断裂带以左旋走滑亏损为主,六盘山断裂北段以逆冲倾滑速率亏损为主,南段则以正向倾滑为主。其中,毛毛山断裂和老虎断裂西段在2个时段的闭锁深度都达到25km,最大左旋滑动亏损为6mm/a。老虎山东段和海原断裂(狭义)闭锁程度低,主要处于蠕滑状态。六盘山断裂2个时段的闭锁深度可达35km,最大逆冲滑动速率亏损为2mm/a。汶川地震后,六盘山断裂上逆冲滑动速率亏损高值区由中段迁移至北段且范围减小,南段则变成正倾滑速率亏损。毛毛山、老虎山西段和六盘山断裂的地震危险性要明显高于海原-六盘山断裂带其他断层段。

GPS观测量先验方差-协方差矩阵实时估计

GPS观测量的先验方差 -协方差矩阵的可靠性直接关系到 GPS定位结果和可靠性 ,关系到模糊度初始化时间、模糊度搜索的可靠性及成功率。本文提出了一种 GPS观测量的先验方差 -协方差矩阵的实时估计方法。其特点是直接利用伪距和载波相位观测值 ,来实时估计先验方差 -协方差矩阵 ,而且可广泛应用于各种测量型接收机的各种测量模式。该方法应用于模糊度解算中 ,并与其他方法进行比较 ,以检验其效果。

新型GPS探空仪与业务GTS1-2探空仪对比分析

2012年8月,中国气象局气象探测中心在广东阳江开展自动探空系统新型GPS探空仪比对试验,对比分析其技术改进后的准确性,试验结果表明:温度测量性明显优于GTS1-2型探空仪。湿度测量结果与RS92型探空仪一致性较好,系统误差在15%RH内,标准偏差在12%RH内。气压系统误差全量程在±1.0hPa内,标准偏差在0.8hPa内。位势高度系统误差在±20gpm以内,标准偏差在70gpm内。GPS定位测风性能优于GTS1-2型探空仪配合L波段二次测风雷达测风性能结果。

GPS-RTK在线路测量中的应用研究

为了解决在道路放样测量中点位精度低的问题,在哈伊公路庆安到绥化段(公里桩号为K165+150至203+950)的线路测量中,采用GPS RTK技术进行放样路线上的点位,并采用了RTK测量高程,同时使用普通水准测量的方法对所放出的点位进行水准测量,进行精度对比分析无论是平面还是高程都取得了令人满意的效果。本文主要结合工程实际阐述了GPS在工程控制测量、RTK技术放样过程的应用及效果,并对GPS高程测量精度的进行分析比较,总结了GPS在线路工程应用中的经验,为相关工程应用提供借鉴。